scholarly journals Targets’ Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Biases Pain Judgments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Deska ◽  
Kurt Hugenberg
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
Face Structure ◽  
Stable Feature

The accurate perception of others’ pain is important for both perceivers and targets. Yet, like other person perception judgments, pain judgments are prone to biases. Although past work has begun detailing characteristics of targets that can bias pain judgments (e.g., race, gender), the current work examines a novel source of bias inherent to all targets: structural characteristics of the human face. Specifically, we present four studies demonstrating that facial width-to-height ratio, a stable feature of all faces, biases pain judgments. Compared to those with low facial width-to-height ratio, individuals with high facial width-to-height ratio are perceived as experiencing less pain in otherwise identical situations (Studies 1, 2, & 3), and as needing less pain medication to salve their injuries (Study 4). This process was observed for White but not Black targets (Study 2), and manipulations of facial width-to-height ratio affected pain perceptions even when target identity was held constant (Study 4). Together, these findings implicate face structure in judgments of others’ pain.

scholarly journals Human face structure correlates with professional baseball performance: insights from professional Japanese baseball players

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 20130140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikaru Tsujimura ◽  
Michael J. Banissy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Face Structure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

In our daily lives, we use faces as a major source of information about other people. Recent work has begun to highlight how one's facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is linked to a number of behaviours (e.g. deception, aggression and financial performance in firms). fWHR has also been linked to several factors that may be beneficial for sport (e.g. achievement drive, winning mentality and aggression). Despite this, few studies have examined the relationship between fWHR and sports performance, and these have focused on Caucasian sportsmen. Here, we investigated the relationship between fWHR and baseball performance in professional Japanese baseball players. We show that fWHR is positively related with home run performance across two consecutive seasons. The findings provide the first evidence linking fWHR to baseball performance and linking fWHR to behavioural outcomes in Asian participants.

“That line’s got personality!” – The Big 5 as a Model of Personality Perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Gailliot
Keyword(s):  
Current Work ◽  
Big 5 ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Personality Perception ◽  
Personality Ratings ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Meaningful Sense

Personality – enduring traits describing how people tend to think and behave – often is described by the Big 5 model. Everything people do and think can be described as representing 1 of 5 more general traits. Though the Big 5 model has been posited to describe actual thought and behavior, the current work tested the hypothesis that personality ratings would fit the Big 5 model even when the target being rated does not have a personality in any meaningful sense. Supporting this hypothesis, the Big 5 model showed acceptable fit for describing a person (consistent with past work), but also a straight line drawn on paper, something that should not have personality in any meaningful sense. The Big 5 model thus does not necessarily describe actual thought and behavior but instead the structure of personality perception.

How Body Size Cues Judgments on Person Perception Dimensions

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062096367
Author(s):  
Olya Bryksina ◽  
Luming Wang ◽  
Trang Mai-McManus
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Heavy Body ◽  
Average Body

Many people in Western societies pursue a thin body. Among the multiple reasons to lose weight, concerns about social perceptions play a prominent role in the desire to shed pounds. Previous research associates thinness with attractiveness, especially in Western societies. The current work demonstrates that moderate deviations from the average body size cue judgments on person perception dimensions. Results from three studies show that whereas moderately thin (vs. heavy) individuals are rated as more competent, moderately heavy (vs. thin) people are rated as more warm. The studies present mediation- and manipulation-based evidence that these effects occur because a thin (vs. heavy) body signals self-control—a construct instrumental in drawing competence inferences—and that a heavy (vs. thin) body signals emotional expressiveness—a construct that triggers inferences of warmth.

scholarly journals Human Face Detection: Manual vs. Kohonen Self Organizing Map

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Payel Bose
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Face Structure ◽  
Self Organizing

In today's world it is very much important to maintain the security of information and its risks. The biometric-based techniques are very much useful in these problems. Among the several kinds of biometric-based technique, face detection is much complex and much more important. Due to the age and several other problems, a human face structure changes over time, again a human has lots of expressions. Sometimes due to the lighting condition or the variation of the angle of an input device, the pattern of a human face structure also changed. As a result, the face cannot be detected properly. In this paper, a method is proposed that can detect the human faces both automatically and manually very efficiently. In manual mode, a user can select the input faces referred by the system according to their choice. In automated mode, the system detected all possible face areas using the Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Map technique. This method reduced the complex color image into a vector quantized image with desired colors. Then a color segmentation technique is used to detect the possible face skin areas from the vector quantized image. Then the Histogram Oriented Gradient technique used to detect the feature from the faces and K-Nearest Neighbour Classifier is used to compare both face images detected by the two modes. The automated method prosed better accuracy than the manual method.

scholarly journals Clarifying Gender Differences in Moral Dilemma Judgments: The Complementary Roles of Harm Aversion and Action Aversion

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Armstrong ◽  
Rebecca Friesdorf ◽  
Paul Conway
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Harmful Action ◽  
Moral Rules

Moral dilemmas entail situations where decisions consistent with deontological principles (following moral rules) conflict with decisions consistent with utilitarian principles (maximizing overall outcomes). Past work employing process dissociation (PD) clarified that gender differences in utilitarianism are modest, but women are substantially more deontological than men. However, deontological judgments confound two motivations: harm aversion and action aversion. The current work presents a mega-analysis of eight studies ( N = 1,965) using PD to assess utilitarian and deontological response tendencies both when deontology entails inaction and when it requires action, to assess the independent contributions of harm aversion and action aversion. Results replicate and clarify past findings: Women scored higher than men on deontological tendencies, and this difference was enhanced when the deontological choice required refraining from harmful action rather than acting to prevent harm. That is, gender differences in deontological inclinations are caused by both harm aversion and action aversion.

Neither facial aggressiveness nor facial width to height ratio are related to fighting success

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Richardson ◽  
Anam Bhutta ◽  
Elena Bantoft ◽  
R. Tucker Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Moderate Agreement

There is a growing consensus that there is information in a man’s faces about how formidable (big and strong) he is. Recent work in mixed martial artists has shown that there may be facial correlates of fighting success. Fighters with more aggressive looking faces, as well as higher facial width to height ratios (fWHR), win a greater percentage of their fights. This has been used as evidence that human males may have evolved to signal and detect formidability using facial features. However, all previous studies have used datasets that may have considerable overlap, so it is important to replicate these effects in new samples. Moreover, some studies show that facial width to height ratio is correlated with body size, which may have confounded associations between fWHR and fighting success. The present study attempted to replicate and expand previous findings in 3 samples totalling several hundred professional fighters taken from several combat sporting leagues. I also tested whether head tilt affected ratings of aggressiveness, as previous studies have found conflicting effects. Overall, I found no significant links between fighting success and fWHR or facial aggressiveness. Tilting the head up or down both made a fighter’s face look more aggressive. Interestingly, there was only low-moderate agreement between raters on the apparent aggressiveness of a given face. Further, I found that facial width to height ratio was related to body size, and that body size mediated the link between fWHR and perceived aggression. This work casts doubt on several theories that argue the human face evolved to show fighting prowess and threat.

Hierarchizability as a Predictor of Scale Candidacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-530
Author(s):  
Niels J. Verosky
Keyword(s):  
Functional Property ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Musical Cultures ◽  
Structural Traits ◽  
Western European

Scales from divergent musical cultures tend to have both intuitive structural similarities and one common functional property: within a given scale, each note takes on a unique shade of meaning in the context of the scale as a whole. It may be that certain structural traits facilitate this functional property—in other words, that scales with particular structural characteristics are more globally integrated and capable of being processed in a top-down manner. Representing pitch collections as bit strings, the current work shows that in Western European, Northern Indian, and Japanese traditional musics, collections that are more densely packed with recursively nested non-overlapping, uniquely identifiable repeated substrings (more hierarchizable) are more likely to appear as scales (p = .002).

scholarly journals Psychological trait inferences from women’s clothing: human and machine prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rosenbusch ◽  
Maya Aghaei ◽  
Anthony M. Evans ◽  
Marcel Zeelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Interrater Agreement ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Women's Clothing ◽  
Trait Inferences ◽  
Published Research

Abstract People use clothing to make personality inferences about others, and these inferences steer social behaviors. The current work makes four contributions to the measurement and prediction of clothing-based person perception: first, we integrate published research and open-ended responses to identify common psychological inferences made from clothes (Study 1). We find that people use clothes to make inferences about happiness, sexual interest, intelligence, trustworthiness, and confidence. Second, we examine consensus (i.e., interrater agreement) for clothing-based inferences (Study 2). We observe that characteristics of the inferring observer contribute more to the drawn inferences than the observed clothes, which entails low to medium levels of interrater agreement. Third, the current work examines whether a computer vision model can use image properties (i.e., pixels alone) to replicate human inferences (Study 3). While our best model outperforms a single human rater, its absolute performance falls short of reliability conventions in psychological research. Finally, we introduce a large database of clothing images with psychological labels and demonstrate its use for exploration and replication of psychological research. The database consists of 5000 images of (western) women’s clothing items with psychological inferences annotated by 25 participants per clothing item.

scholarly journals An Improved Method for Stable Feature Points Selection in Structure-from-Motion Considering Image Semantic and Structural Characteristics

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2416
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Zhendong Liu ◽  
Hongchun Zhu ◽  
Pengda Wu ◽  
Chengming Li
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Feature Point ◽  
Feature Points ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Aerial Triangulation ◽  
Oblique Images ◽  
Stable Feature

Feature matching plays a crucial role in the process of 3D reconstruction based on the structure from motion (SfM) technique. For a large collection of oblique images, feature matching is one of the most time-consuming steps, and the matching result directly affects the accuracy of subsequent tasks. Therefore, how to extract the reasonable feature points robustly and efficiently to improve the matching speed and quality has received extensive attention from scholars worldwide. Most studies perform quantitative feature point selection based on image Difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) pyramids in practice. However, the stability and spatial distribution of feature points are not considered enough, resulting in selected feature points that may not adequately reflect the scene structures and cannot guarantee the matching rate and the aerial triangulation accuracy. To address these issues, an improved method for stable feature point selection in SfM considering image semantic and structural characteristics is proposed. First, the visible-band difference vegetation index is used to identify the vegetation areas from oblique images, and the line feature in the image is extracted by the optimized line segment detector algorithm. Second, the feature point two-tuple classification model is established, in which the vegetation area recognition result is used as the semantic constraint, the line feature extraction result is used as the structural constraint, and the feature points are divided into three types. Finally, a progressive selection algorithm for feature points is proposed, in which feature points in the DoG pyramid are selected by classes and levels until the number of feature points is satisfied. Oblique images of a 40-km2 area in Dongying city, China, were used for validation. The experimental results show that compared to the state-of-the-art method, the method proposed in this paper not only effectively reduces the number of feature points but also better reflects the scene structure. At the same time, the average reprojection error of the aerial triangulation decrease by 20%, the feature point matching rate increase by 3%, the selected feature points are more stable and reasonable.

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