scholarly journals When the Body Knows: Interoceptive Accuracy Enhances Physiological But Not Explicit Differentiation Between Liars and Truth-Tellers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Albert Gunderson ◽  
Leanne ten Brinke ◽  
Peter Sokol-Hessner
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Recent research suggests that people experience distinct physiological reactions to lies versus truths. It is unclear, however, if this experience is incorporated into greater truth-lie judgment accuracy. We hypothesized individuals with high interoceptive accuracy—those with greater access to bodily experiences and stronger physiological responses to emotional stimuli—might be particularly likely to accurately discriminate high-stakes, emotional lies and truths. Participants (n = 71) completed two study sessions: the first assessed their interoceptive accuracy with heartbeat detection measures and the second assessed their deception detection ability while measuring their physiological reactivity. Interoceptive accuracy was associated with a greater difference in vasoconstriction to liars (vs. truth-tellers), suggesting that interoception was positively associated with physiological sensitivity to deception. Interoceptive accuracy, however, was unrelated to deception detection accuracy. While better interoception provides enhanced physiological signals that could better discriminate lies from truths, it does not improve deception detection accuracy.

The Connection Between Deception Detection and Financial Exploitation of Older (vs. Young) Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110497
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Gunderson ◽  
Leanne ten Brinke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Exploitation ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Although poor deception detection accuracy is thought to be an important risk factor for fraud among older adults, this link has not been explicitly studied. Using a cross-sectional design, older and young adults viewed and made judgments of real, high-stakes truths and lies with financial consequences. Older (vs. young) adults exhibited a greater truth bias when evaluating individuals pleading for help in finding a missing relative, which was associated with greater donations to deceptive pleaders. However, all participants were highly vulnerable to fraud. Future research should consider both risk and protective factors affecting financial fraud across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Automated Deception Detection Systems, a Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Shaimaa H. Abd ◽  
Ivan A. Hashim ◽  
Ali Sadeq A. Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Security Levels ◽  
The Right

Humans use deception daily since it can significantly affect their life and provide a getaway solution for any undesired situation. Deception is either related to low-stakes (e.g. innocuous) or high-stakes (e.g. with harmful situations). Deception investigation importance has increased, and it became a critical issue over the years with the increase of security levels around the globe. Technology has made remarkable achievements in many human life fields, including deception detection. Automated deception detection systems (DDSs) are widely used in different fields, especially for security purposes. The DDS is comprised of multiple stages, each of which should be built/trained to perform intelligently so that the whole system can give the right decision of whether the involved person is telling the truth or not. Thus, different artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms have been utilized by the researchers over the past years. In addition, there are different cues for DDS that have been considered for the previous works, which are either related to verbal or non-verbal cues. This paper presents a review on the basic methods and the used deception detection techniques for the recent 10 years, that were studied and performed in the field of DDS, with a comparison of the deception detection accuracy reached and the number of participants used for system training.

scholarly journals The Temporal Aspect of Bodily Experiences of Emotions: Where do You Feel The First Sensation?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Berlim de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Temporal Aspect

Recently, body maps have increasingly been used to identify patterns in respect of the location of the physical sensations elicited by emotions. However, in addition to understanding how emotions are topographically manifest in the body, it is important to add a temporal aspect to deepen the interoceptive study of emotions. Therefore, the present study sought to explore the first perceived sensation. The study sample comprised a group of mindfulness practitioners (n=34) and a group of non-practitioners (n=64) to analyze if there was any difference in their perceptions of emotion. Participants were instructed to evoke five basic emotions (fear, disgust, anger, sadness, joy), and as soon as they became aware of where they felt the emotions start to emerge, were instructed to interrupt the observation and to indicate the region in a diagram of a human figure. Overall, the groups did not differ in the body regions identified for each emotion. Cochran's Q-test showed that the main regions mentioned were the head and the chest. In the case of disgust, the neck, rather than the chest, along with the lower part of the head were the most cited. The most cited regions corresponded to those identified in other studies of body topography as perceived with the greatest increase in activity in response to emotional stimuli. Regarding interoceptive awareness, the independent t-test verified that the mindfulness group scored significantly higher in all subscales of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the 37-item Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire compared to the non-mindfulness group.

scholarly journals The Temporal Aspect of Bodily Experiences of Emotions: Where do You Feel The First Sensation?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Claudia Berlim de Mello ◽  
Isadora Salvador Rocco ◽  
José Roberto Leite ◽  
Ana Regina Noto
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Temporal Aspect

Recently, body maps have increasingly been used to identify patterns in respect of the location of the physical sensations elicited by emotions. However, in addition to understanding how emotions are topographically manifest in the body, it is important to add a temporal aspect to deepen the interoceptive study of emotions. Therefore, the present study sought to explore the first perceived sensation. The study sample comprised a group of mindfulness practitioners (n=34) and a group of non-practitioners (n=64) to analyze if there was any difference in their perceptions of emotion. Participants were instructed to evoke five basic emotions (fear, disgust, anger, sadness, joy), and as soon as they became aware of where they felt the emotions start to emerge, were instructed to interrupt the observation and to indicate the region in a diagram of a human figure. Overall, the groups did not differ in the body regions identified for each emotion. Cochran's Q-test showed that the main regions mentioned were the head and the chest. In the case of disgust, the neck, rather than the chest, along with the lower part of the head were the most cited. The most cited regions corresponded to those identified in other studies of body topography as perceived with the greatest increase in activity in response to emotional stimuli. Regarding interoceptive awareness, the independent t-test verified that the mindfulness group scored significantly higher in all subscales of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the 37-item Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire compared to the non-mindfulness group.

scholarly journals Deception Detection and Truth Detection Are Dependent on Different Cognitive and Emotional Traits: An Investigation of Emotional Intelligence, Theory of Mind, and Attention

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-807
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. K. Stewart ◽  
Clea Wright ◽  
Catherine Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Intelligence Theory ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Despite evidence that variation exists between individuals in high-stakes truth and deception detection accuracy rates, little work has investigated what differences in individuals’ cognitive and emotional abilities contribute to this variation. Our study addressed this question by examining the role played by cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM), emotional intelligence (EI), and various aspects of attention (alerting, orienting, executive control) in explaining variation in accuracy rates among 115 individuals (87 women; mean age = 27.04 years [ SD = 11.32]) who responded to video clips of truth-tellers and liars in real-world, high-stakes contexts. Faster attentional alerting supported truth detection, and better cognitive ToM and perception of emotion (an aspect of EI) supported deception detection. This evidence indicates that truth and deception detection are distinct constructs supported by different abilities. Future research may address whether interventions targeting these cognitive and emotional traits can also contribute to improving detection skill.

Emotions Under the Skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Soares ◽  
Francisco Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Emotional Pictures ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Abstract. The present study examined physiological reactivity to emotional stimuli as a function of attachment style. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) changes were simultaneously recorded while participants engaged in a visual attentional task. The task included positive, neutral, and negative emotional pictures, and required the identification of a target (neutral picture rotated 90° to the left or right), among a stream of pictures in which an emotional distracter (positive or negative) was presented. Participants additionally rated each of the emotional distracters for valence and arousal. Behavioral results on the attentional task showed that positive pictures facilitated overall target detection for all participants, compared to negative and neutral pictures, and that anxiously attached participants had significantly lower accuracy scores, relative to the other groups. Affective ratings indicated that positive pictures were rated as being more pleasant than negative ones, although no differences were found in HR changes to picture valence. In contrast, negative pictures were evaluated as being highly arousing. Consistent with this, negative pictures elicited larger SCRs in both insecure anxious and avoidant groups, especially for the anxious while the secure group showed SCRs unaffected by stimuli’s arousal. Present results show that individuals with different attachment styles reveal distinct patterns of attentional bias, appraisal, and physiological reactivity toward emotionally arousing stimuli. These findings further highlight the regulatory function of the attachment system.

Immunity boosting diet during Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Devyani Dasar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
The Right ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
Physiological Reactions

WHO declared Covid 19 /SARS -COV-2 as a global pandemic.Till date, there is no medicine for COVID-19. If the Infection arises in the body then the defence mechanism activated against infection. A recent study suggests that temporarily augmenting the body's immune system in the early stages of COVID-19 can help patient to avoid severe symptoms as it is rightly said prevention is better than cure. Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity.As per many researches to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C,Vitamin D and immunity boosting foodsuch as citrus natural products, custard apple, apple, papaya is among the Fruits. Vegetables include broccoli, onion, garlic and green leafy vegetables. Nuts, ginger, turmeric, pepper, egg yolk, shellfish, mushroom. The need of the hour is a quick boost to immune system to keep it fit, fighting. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost immune system.In this review, there are few common supplements and super food studies have been included. It might be a torch bearer as sample menu and their alternatives are given for a normal adult. Needy may change contemplated according to age, sex, body mass index and daily physical activities.

Effect of heightened interoceptive awareness among smokers on misinterpretation of emotional arousal

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Minseung Kim ◽  
Yeon-Ju Park ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Amplification Bias ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Subjective Arousal

We investigated the differences in the emotional experiences of people who smoke and have damaged interoceptive awareness. Interoception is the sensation of the physiological condition of the body, and it has 2 biases: neglect and amplification of bodily feedback. We recruited 72 participants and divided them into 4 groups according to smoking status and interoceptive bias based on their scores on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness. All groups assessed their physiological and subjective arousal before and after watching video clips (positive–low arousal, positive–high arousal, negative–low arousal, negative–high arousal, neutral). The results indicated that people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who smoked showed stronger subjective arousal to neutral stimuli. In contrast, people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who did not smoke showed stronger subjective arousal to positive stimuli. These findings suggest that people who smoke and have an amplification bias could be more likely to misinterpret neutral emotional stimuli, leading to an increased craving for smoking.

scholarly journals What does it Mean to be a Man? Trans Masculinities, Bodily Practices, and Reflexive Embodiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2110085
Author(s):  
Sofia Aboim ◽  
Pedro Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Reflexive Practice ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
To Come

Confronted with the centrality of the body for trans-masculine individuals interviewed in the United Kingdom and Portugal, we explore how bodily-reflexive practices are central for doing masculinity. Following Connell’s early insight that bodies needed to come back to the political and sociological agendas, we propose that bodily-reflexive practice is a concept suited to account for the production of trans-masculinities. Although multiple, the journeys of trans-masculine individuals demonstrate how bodily experiences shape and redefine masculinities in ways that illuminate the nexus between bodies, embodiments, and discursive enactments of masculinity. Rather than oppositions between bodily conformity to and transgression of the norms of hegemonic masculinity, often encountered in idealizations of the medicalized transsexual against the genderqueer rebel, lived bodily experiences shape masculinities beyond linear oppositions. Tensions between natural and technological, material and discursive, or feminine and masculine were keys for understanding trans-masculine narratives about the body, embodiment, and identity.

The Role of Spices with reference Novel Coronavirus Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽  
Kritika Umate
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common People ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Spices ◽  
Physiological Reactions

The need of the day is a brisk lift to the resistant framework to keep it fit, battling today pandemic infections, for example, Covid — 19. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost the immune system. These spices are always there to make tasty food as well as to protect the body from infectious diseases by building the immunity strong Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity. As per many types of research to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and immunity boosting food such as dealing with plenty of spices for a very long time. These spices include some rare to very common spices which we can found near us. The concern is that these viral infections are very prone to attack weak immunity and take the chance to affect the country to the globe. So the very common spices available will be always helpful to get through this Regular use of a few spices in the very simple form proves its importance as a medicine. In this article a review of spices is done which we are available near us, we are using it in our daily life and we are getting the benefit of these which a common people might not be fully aware of about role of immunity building of the body. 

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