scholarly journals Deception Detection and Truth Detection Are Dependent on Different Cognitive and Emotional Traits: An Investigation of Emotional Intelligence, Theory of Mind, and Attention

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-807
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. K. Stewart ◽  
Clea Wright ◽  
Catherine Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Intelligence Theory ◽  
Accuracy Rates

Despite evidence that variation exists between individuals in high-stakes truth and deception detection accuracy rates, little work has investigated what differences in individuals’ cognitive and emotional abilities contribute to this variation. Our study addressed this question by examining the role played by cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM), emotional intelligence (EI), and various aspects of attention (alerting, orienting, executive control) in explaining variation in accuracy rates among 115 individuals (87 women; mean age = 27.04 years [ SD = 11.32]) who responded to video clips of truth-tellers and liars in real-world, high-stakes contexts. Faster attentional alerting supported truth detection, and better cognitive ToM and perception of emotion (an aspect of EI) supported deception detection. This evidence indicates that truth and deception detection are distinct constructs supported by different abilities. Future research may address whether interventions targeting these cognitive and emotional traits can also contribute to improving detection skill.

The Connection Between Deception Detection and Financial Exploitation of Older (vs. Young) Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110497
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Gunderson ◽  
Leanne ten Brinke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Exploitation ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Although poor deception detection accuracy is thought to be an important risk factor for fraud among older adults, this link has not been explicitly studied. Using a cross-sectional design, older and young adults viewed and made judgments of real, high-stakes truths and lies with financial consequences. Older (vs. young) adults exhibited a greater truth bias when evaluating individuals pleading for help in finding a missing relative, which was associated with greater donations to deceptive pleaders. However, all participants were highly vulnerable to fraud. Future research should consider both risk and protective factors affecting financial fraud across the lifespan.

Depressive Traits and Theory of Mind in Healthy Individuals: A Mediation Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas James Rowark
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Prepotent Response

Depression has been associated with poor social cognitive functioning, including impaired performance on measures of theory of mind. However, the association between depression and theory of mind performance has been removed when controlling for differences in executive functioning, which is also impacted by depression. Among these executive functions, inhibition of prepotent response has been demonstrated as enabling success on theory of mind tests. In the context of these findings, the current investigation tested whether a relationship could be found between depressive traits and theory of mind in a non-clinical sample, and whether this relationship was mediated by differences in executive control of inhibition. Theory of mind was assessed in 31 healthy individuals using an audio-presented false-belief reasoning task, which also tested baseline performance in non-mental-state reasoning. Inhibition of prepotent response was assessed with interference measures on a Stroop colour-word task, and depressive traits were self-reported through the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Mediation analysis revealed that executive control of inhibition did not significantly mediate an indirect effect of depressive traits on theory of mind. It was interpreted that relationships previously found between major depression, executive and social-cognitive functions do not generalise beyond clinical boundaries. However, these findings are discussed in terms of the small sample size, limiting statistical power, and several methodological limitations. Future research should assess the relationship between depressive traits and theory of mind using alternative measures of mental representation, or include a neurocognitive battery assessing executive functions other than inhibition.

scholarly journals When the Body Knows: Interoceptive Accuracy Enhances Physiological But Not Explicit Differentiation Between Liars and Truth-Tellers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Albert Gunderson ◽  
Leanne ten Brinke ◽  
Peter Sokol-Hessner
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Recent research suggests that people experience distinct physiological reactions to lies versus truths. It is unclear, however, if this experience is incorporated into greater truth-lie judgment accuracy. We hypothesized individuals with high interoceptive accuracy—those with greater access to bodily experiences and stronger physiological responses to emotional stimuli—might be particularly likely to accurately discriminate high-stakes, emotional lies and truths. Participants (n = 71) completed two study sessions: the first assessed their interoceptive accuracy with heartbeat detection measures and the second assessed their deception detection ability while measuring their physiological reactivity. Interoceptive accuracy was associated with a greater difference in vasoconstriction to liars (vs. truth-tellers), suggesting that interoception was positively associated with physiological sensitivity to deception. Interoceptive accuracy, however, was unrelated to deception detection accuracy. While better interoception provides enhanced physiological signals that could better discriminate lies from truths, it does not improve deception detection accuracy.

scholarly journals Automated Deception Detection Systems, a Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Shaimaa H. Abd ◽  
Ivan A. Hashim ◽  
Ali Sadeq A. Jalal
Keyword(s):  
Deception Detection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Security Levels ◽  
The Right

Humans use deception daily since it can significantly affect their life and provide a getaway solution for any undesired situation. Deception is either related to low-stakes (e.g. innocuous) or high-stakes (e.g. with harmful situations). Deception investigation importance has increased, and it became a critical issue over the years with the increase of security levels around the globe. Technology has made remarkable achievements in many human life fields, including deception detection. Automated deception detection systems (DDSs) are widely used in different fields, especially for security purposes. The DDS is comprised of multiple stages, each of which should be built/trained to perform intelligently so that the whole system can give the right decision of whether the involved person is telling the truth or not. Thus, different artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms have been utilized by the researchers over the past years. In addition, there are different cues for DDS that have been considered for the previous works, which are either related to verbal or non-verbal cues. This paper presents a review on the basic methods and the used deception detection techniques for the recent 10 years, that were studied and performed in the field of DDS, with a comparison of the deception detection accuracy reached and the number of participants used for system training.

Teorie e paradigmi in psicologia. Riflessioni sulle diverse possibilitŕ di dialogo tra differenti teorie

2009 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Stefano Cecchini
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Key Words ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Intelligence Theory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Directing Attention

Over the last fifty years we have witnessed the birth, within psychology, of different concepts, aimed at directing attention to how the individual develops and applies the knowledge to his own interiority and to that of others. At least, two of these concepts were greeted in time as representing the advent of a new paradigm in the sense of Kuhn's theory on science revolutions. If this were true, it would support the hypothesis that in the world of psychology could coexist, unlike that of physic sciences, theories from different paradigms. In reality, however, the most "popular" option in the psychological world is to consider the various psychological theories as belonging to the same paradigm. We present an example from Jungian literature in order to reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of these options.Parole chiave: paradigma, teoria, empatia, intelligenza emotiva, teoria della mente, funzione riflessiva.Key words: paradigm, theory, empathy, emotional intelligence, theory of mind, reflective function.

An empirical evaluation of interpersonal deception theory in a real-world, high-stakes environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-199
Author(s):  
Joseph York Thomas ◽  
David P. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Capture Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interpersonal Deception Theory ◽  
Deceptive Behavior ◽  
Speech Cues

Purpose The study of deception and the theories, which have been developed have relied heavily on laboratory experiments in controlled environments, using American college students participating in mock scenarios. The purpose of this paper is to validate previous deception detection research in a real-world, high stakes environment where the unit of analysis is the question–response pair. Design/methodology/approach The study used previously confirmed linguistic and paralinguistic speech cues and the constructs of deception in an attempt to validate a leading deception theory, interpersonal deception theory (IDT). A combination of descriptive and predictive analysis was conducted to best understand the relationship between speech cues and changes in the subjects’ behavior. Findings The result validates IDT with mixed results on individual measures and their constructs. However, there is clear evidence across the 711 question-response pairs that not only was it possible to differentiate truth from deceptive behavior but also patterns of behavior can be seen over time. Research limitations/implications Because of the real-world nature of the study, it is difficult to generalize the results to a larger population. However, one implication for future research is the development of methods to capture, process and prepare raw speech into data ready for analysis. Originality/value This paper attempts to fill the gap between the controlled mock scenarios and the harsh reality of real-world deception.

Understanding the relationship between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities in humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Fernández-Berrocal ◽  
Rosario Cabello ◽  
María José Gutiérrez-Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Intelligence Theory ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBurkart et al. consider that the relationship between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities is poorly understood in animals and humans. We examine this conclusion in the perspective of an already substantial evidence base on the relationship among general intelligence, theory of mind, and emotional intelligence. We propose a link between general intelligence and socio-cognitive abilities within humans.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

Sources of cognitive conflict and their relevance to Theory of Mind proficiency in healthy ageing. A preregistered study.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyzul Rahman ◽  
Sabrina Javed ◽  
Ian Apperly ◽  
Peter Hansen ◽  
Carol Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Outcome Knowledge

Age-related decline in Theory of Mind (ToM) may be due to waning executive control, which is necessary for resolving conflict when reasoning about others’ mental states. We assessed how older (OA; n=50) versus younger adults (YA; n=50) were affected by three theoretically relevant sources of conflict within ToM: competing Self-Other perspectives; competing cued locations and outcome knowledge. We examined which best accounted for age-related difficulty with ToM. Our data show unexpected similarity between age groups when representing a belief incongruent with one’s own. Individual differences in attention and motor response speed best explained the degree of conflict experienced through conflicting Self-Other perspectives. However, OAs were disproportionately affected by managing conflict between cued locations. Age and spatial working memory were most relevant for predicting the magnitude of conflict elicited by conflicting cued locations. We suggest that previous studies may have underestimated OA’s ToM proficiency by including unnecessary conflict in ToM tasks.

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