scholarly journals Reliability of the Core Items in the General Social Survey: Estimates from the Three-wave Panels, 2006-2014

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Hout ◽  
Orestes P Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Reliability Measures ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
And Gender

We used standard and multilevel models to assess the reliability of core items in the General Social Survey panel studies spanning 2006 to 2014. Most of the 293 core items scored well on the measure of reliability: 62 items (21 percent) had reliability measures greater than 0.85; another 71 (24 percent) had reliability measures between 0.70 and 0.85. Objective items, especially facts about demography and religion, were generally more reliable than subjective items. The economic recession of 2007-09, the slow recovery afterward, and the election of Barack Obama in 2008 altered the social context in ways that may look like unreliability of items. For example, unemployment status, hours worked, and weeks worked have lower reliability than most work-related items, reflecting the consequences of the recession on the facts of peoples lives. Items regarding racial and gender discrimination and racial stereotypes scored as particularly unreliable, accounting for most of the 15 items with reliability coefficients less than 0.40. Our results allow scholars to more easily take measurement reliability into consideration in their own research, while also highlighting the limitations of these approaches.

scholarly journals Health and political efficacy in context: What is the role of the welfare state?

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Shore ◽  
Carolin Rapp ◽  
Daniel Stockemer
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Health affects nearly all facets of our lives, including the likelihood of getting involved in politics. Focusing on political efficacy, we zoom in on one potential mechanism as to why people in poor health might, for example, stay at home on Election Day. We first look at the ways in which health is related to both people’s perceptions of their abilities to take part in politics (internal political efficacy) as well as the extent to which they believe policymakers are responsive to citizen needs (external political efficacy). Second, we examine how the social policy context intervenes in the relationship between health and political efficacy. Multilevel models using 2014 and 2016 European Social Survey data on roughly 57,000 respondents nested in 21 European countries reveal complex results: while good health, rather unsurprisingly, fosters internal and external political efficacy, more generous welfare states, though associated with higher levels of political efficacy, are not a panacea for remedying political inequalities stemming from individual health differences.

scholarly journals Are Men Who Pay for Sex Sexist? Masculinity and Client Attitudes Toward Gender Role Equality in Different Prostitution Markets

2020 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2090156
Author(s):  
Barbara G. Brents ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Andrew L. Spivak ◽  
Olesya Venger ◽  
Christina Parreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Male Client ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Services

Prostitution clients’ attitudes toward gender equality are important indicators of how masculinity relates to the demand for commercial sexual services. Research on male client misogyny has been inconclusive, and few studies compare men in different markets. Using an online survey of 519 clients of sexual services, we examine whether male client attitudes toward gender role equality are related to the main methods customers used to access prostitution services (i.e., through print or online media vs. in-person contact). We found no differences among men in these markets in attitudes toward gender role equality in the workplace and home. This is in a context where all clients had more egalitarian attitudes toward women’s roles than the U.S. male population in the General Social Survey (GSS). However, clients in in-person markets were less supportive of affirmative action than in online markets in a context where all clients were less supportive compared to the national average. These findings point to need to rethink how masculinity and gender role attitudes affect patterns of male demand for paid sex.

Social Networks and Patterns of Social Interaction among Ever-Single and Separated/Divorced Elderly Canadians

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel A. Strain ◽  
Barbara J. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Statistics Canada

AbstractThis paper examines the social networks and patterns of social interactions of two relatively neglected marital status groups of elders, namely the ever-single and the separated/divorced. Drawing on data from the 1985 General Social Survey conducted by Statistics Canada, comparisons are made both between and among the 224 ever-single and 126 separated/divorced Canadians aged 65 and over. When controlling for age, gender, education and health status, ever-single individuals tend to have smaller family networks, a similar number of friends, and similar living arrangements as the separated/divorced. In-person contact with siblings is significantly associated with being ever-single while no differences emerge for contact with other relatives or with friends. Differences among the ever-single and among the separated/divorced are also assessed.

scholarly journals Protection of the credit relations in Ukrainian criminal law

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Babanina ◽  
Vitalii Kuznetsov ◽  
Nelia Lisova ◽  
Inna Vartyletska
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Social Status

The article examines the features of the protection of credit relations by the criminal law of Ukraine. The scope of the article is to study peculiarities of credit and financial relations in Ukraine, to reveal types of crimes in the field of credit relations and specifics of their subjects, to analyze qualifying features of crimes in the field of credit activity. To achieve the purpose of the article, formal-logical and dogmatic-legal research methods were used. Using the formal-logical and dogmatic methods, credit relations as an object of legal protection in criminal law were analyzed. The characteristic features of the personality of criminals who commit crimes in the field of credit relations have been studied. Their specific differences from other types of criminals are revealed, which are manifested in the fact that people who commit crimes in the field of credit relations, as a rule, have a high social status, higher education and are financially secure. Thanks to the research conducted in the article some important features of crimes in the field of credit activity were revealed, such as the fact, that among those who commit crimes in the field of lending, there is a high proportion of women. This fact has an important meaning for the social sciences, since it underlines inequality and gender discrimination.

National identity, a blessing or a curse? The divergent links from national attachment, pride, and chauvinism to social and political trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Gustavsson ◽  
Ludvig Stendahl
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Internet Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Attachment

AbstractIs it true that national identity increases trust, as liberal nationalists assume? Recent research has studied this side of the ‘national identity argument’ by focusing on conceptions of the content of national identity (often civic or ethnic) and their links to social, rather than political, trust. This paper argues that if we take social identity theory seriously, however, we need to complement this picture by asking how varying the strength – rather than the content – of a person’s sense of their national identity affects both their social and political trust. We break down the different dimensions of national identity, hypothesizing and empirically verifying that there are divergent links from national attachment, national pride, and national chauvinism to social and political trust. We do so with data from the US (General Social Survey) and the Netherlands (Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences ), thus expanding current knowledge of national identity and trust to a highly relevant yet neglected European case.

The Effect of Parental Demographics on Parental Assessment of Adolescent Internet Addiction

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiho Ok ◽  
Jisun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Parental Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Policies And Programs

This article investigates how adolescent Internet addiction is assessed by parents based on children's Internet use time and parental demographic characteristics. The authors measured children's level of Internet addiction based on Young's scale evaluated by their parents to mitigate the social desirability bias in self-reported surveys when children evaluate themselves. Based on Korean General Social Survey data, which is nationally representative in South Korea, they analyzed 219 individuals and found that as the time of Internet use of children increased, the level of Internet addiction evaluated by parents increased. In addition, this relationship was moderated by parental demographic characteristics such that higher age, lower educational attainment, and higher Internet use time tend to decrease the parental evaluation of their children's Internet addiction. Results suggest that policies and programs related to children's Internet addiction should be focused more on parents from specific demographic groups.

Trends in Marital Happiness by Gender and Race, 1973 to 2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamadi Corra ◽  
Shannon K. Carter ◽  
J. Scott Carter ◽  
David Knox
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marital Happiness ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Over Time

This article uses data from the 1973-2006 General Social Survey to assess the interactive impact of race and gender on marital happiness over time. Findings indicate independent and significant effects for both variables, with Whites and husbands reporting greater marital happiness than Blacks and wives. Comparing four subgroups (White husbands, White wives, Black husbands, and Black wives), the authors find that White husbands report the highest levels of marital happiness whereas Black wives report the lowest. Assessment of trends from the 1970s to the 2000s reveals a convergence among the groups: Although White husbands consistently report the highest levels of marital happiness, there has been a steady decline in the gap between all four groups. Most notably, Black wives exhibit a significant increase in marital happiness relative to the other groups. Findings are discussed in the context of the changing structure and composition of families in contemporary U.S. society.

scholarly journals The general social survey-national death index: an innovative new dataset for the social sciences

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muennig ◽  
Gretchen Johnson ◽  
Jibum Kim ◽  
Tom W Smith ◽  
Zohn Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
National Death Index ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Social
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