scholarly journals The Position-Reputation-Information (PRI) scale of individual prestige

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. W. Berl ◽  
Alarna N. Samarasinghe ◽  
Fiona Jordan ◽  
Michael C. Gavin
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Social And Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Accented Speech ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Prestige is a key concept across the social and behavioral sciences and has been implicated as an important driver in the processes governing human learning and behavior and the evolution of culture. However, existing scales of prestige fail to account for the full breadth of its potential determinants or focus only on collective social institutions rather than the individual-level perceptions that underpin everyday social interactions. Here, we use open, extensible methods to unite diverse theoretical ideas into a common measurement tool for individual prestige. Participants evaluated the perceived prestige of regional variations in accented speech using a pool of candidate scale items generated from free-listing tasks and a review of published scales. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we find that our resulting 7-item scale, composed of dimensions we term position, reputation, and information, or “PRI,” exhibits good model fit, scale validity, and scale reliability. The PRI scale of individual prestige contributes to the integration of existing lines of theory on the concept of prestige, and the scale’s application in Western contexts and its extensibility to other cultures, serves as a foundation for new theoretical and experimental trajectories across the social and behavioral sciences.

scholarly journals A breeding pool of ideas: Analyzing interdisciplinary collaborations at the Complex Systems Summer School

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246260
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Brown ◽  
Dakota Murray ◽  
Kyle Furlong ◽  
Emily Coco ◽  
Fabian Dablander
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social And Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disciplinary Background ◽  
Using Data

Interdisciplinary research is essential for the study of complex systems, and so there is a growing need to understand the factors that facilitate collaboration across diverse fields of inquiry. In this exploratory study, we examine the composition of self-organized project groups and the structure of collaboration networks at the Santa Fe Institute’s Complex Systems Summer School. Using data from all iterations of the summer school from 2005 to 2019, comprising 823 participants and 322 projects, we investigate the factors that contribute to group composition. We first test for homophily with respect to individual-level attributes, finding that group composition is largely consistent with random mixing based on gender, career position, institutional prestige, and country of study. However, we find some evidence of homophilic preference in group composition based on disciplinary background. We then conduct analyses at the level of group projects, finding that project topics from the Social and Behavioral Sciences are over-represented. This could be due to a higher level of baseline interest in, or knowledge of, social and behavioral sciences, or the common application of methods from the natural sciences to problems in the social sciences. Consequently, future research should explore this discrepancy further and examine whether it can be mitigated through policies aimed at making topics in other disciplines more accessible or appealing for collaboration.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Forlenza
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes ◽  
Empirical Material

The Introduction presents an outline of the book, its sources and empirical material, and its theoretical and methodological approach, which rests on the key concept of meaning formation in liminality. Following the social and cultural anthropology of Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner, liminality refers to a period of transition during which the normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to novelty and imagination and generating new meanings, ideas, and consciousness. Lived experiences in liminal times generate horizons of expectations, beliefs, and attitudes that transform social and political identities and shape the emergence of a new political order. The anthropological approach advanced here suggests that the constitution of a political subjectivity, at the collective as well at the individual level, occurs mainly through experiences and results in fundamental changes in consciousness.

scholarly journals A Breeding Pool of Ideas: Analyzing Interdisciplinary Collaborations at the Complex Systems Summer School

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Brown ◽  
Dakota Murray ◽  
Kyle Furlong ◽  
Emily Coco ◽  
Fabian Dablander
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social And Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disciplinary Background ◽  
Using Data

Interdisciplinary research is essential for the study of complex systems, and so there is a growing need to understand the factors that facilitate collaboration across diverse fields of inquiry. In this exploratory study, we examine the composition of self-organized project groups and the structure of collaboration networks at the Santa Fe Institute's Complex Systems Summer School. Using data from all iterations of the summer school from 2005 to 2019, comprising 824 participants and 321 projects, we investigate the factors that contribute to group composition. We first test for homophily with respect to individual-level attributes, finding that group composition is largely consistent with random mixing based on gender, career position, institutional prestige, and country of study. However, we find some evidence of homophilic preference in group composition based on disciplinary background. We then conduct analyses at the level of group projects, finding that project topics from the Social and Behavioral Sciences are over-represented. This could be due to a higher level of baseline interest in, or knowledge of, social and behavioral sciences, or the common application of methods from the natural sciences to problems in the social sciences. Consequently, future research should explore this discrepancy further and examine whether it can be mitigated through policies aimed at making topics in other disciplines more accessible or appealing for collaboration.

Perceived marketization in Poland: Translating key concepts of institutional anomie theory to the micro level

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082199685
Author(s):  
Jacek Bieliński ◽  
Andreas Hövermann
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Institutional Anomie Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Anomie Theory ◽  
Representative Random Sample ◽  
Order Factor ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual

Institutional anomie theory (IAT) describes the potentially criminogenic impact of economically dominated social institutions. Although originally cast at the macro level of society, more efforts have emerged lately to capture the IAT framework on the individual level, resulting in a need for appropriate measures representing the presumed marketization processes. Our study addresses this need by offering a theoretically derived, comprehensive measure of the individual-level instantiation of an anomic culture depicted in IAT, that is, ‘marketized mentality’. Structural equation models testing for the single higher-order factor marketized mentality are calculated with a representative random sample of Poland’s population. Finally, the implications and limitations resulting from the analyses are discussed.

scholarly journals The Center Page

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 822-823
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Social And Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Grant Programs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Application Requirements

As a result of generous contributions by Association members and friends to the Centennial Campaign, APSA created nine endowments to support a diverse range of grant programs to encourage individual research and writing in all fields of political science and to facilitate collaboration among scholars working within the discipline and across the social and behavioral sciences and humanities. More details on the Centennial Center, these endowments, and application requirements [email protected].

scholarly journals PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL TO ENSURE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kyfyak ◽  
Olena Herenda
Keyword(s):  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The main focus of this article is on the correlation between employee involvement in management decisions and the growth of both the organization and employees in all areas. The types of managerial behavior are analyzed, within which the main styles are identified, such as: authoritarian and democratic, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, their impact on the workforce and behavior. The article reflects the need to involve employees in order to improve performance and a sense of responsibility, and lists not only the positive side of this implementation, but also possible negative changes. Effective communication and involvement of staff in management decisions create a basis for ensuring the effective functioning of the enterprise. Involvement of employees, in this article, is not seen as a goal or tool, as is practiced in many organizations, but as a philosophy of management and leadership on how best in a healthy environment to realize their abilities, grow, improve and succeed in each unit and organization in general. The article discusses the main forms of participatory management: informal and short-term participation of personnel in management decisions, consultative involvement of employees, attraction of employees to ownership, involvement of employees in control and improvement of processes, involvement of personnel in decisions about company policy, participation in the organization's income, participation in profits of the organization, participation in the management of the organization. A distinctive feature of this method from many systems of remuneration for labor activity is that the latter are built on the recognition of the contribution of an employee of a given organization at the individual level. Participatory governance is based on the recognition of interests all personnel being reciprocal. This leads to the fact that there is an integration of these interests, and workers become more interested in the results of their work. Involving employees in the decision-making process not only reduces outsourcing, which saves money, time and offers the company long-term reliable assistance from employees who have knowledge of all the processes and deep needs of the corporation.

scholarly journals When the Going Gets Tough, How Do We Perceive the Future?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Tepper ◽  
Neil Anthony Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social And Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Intervention Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Experienced Difficulty

People struggle to stay motivated to work toward difficult goals. Sometimes the feeling of difficulty signals that the goal is important and worth pursuing; other times, it signals that the goal is impossible and should be abandoned. In this paper, we argue that how difficulty is experienced depends on how we perceive and experience the timing of difficult events. We synthesize research from across the social and behavioral sciences and propose a new integrated model to explain how components of time perception interact with interpretations of experienced difficulty to influence motivation and goal-directed behavior. Although these constructs have been studied separately in previous research, we suggest that these factors are inseparable and that an integrated model will help us to better understand motivation and predict behavior. We conclude with new empirical questions to guide future research and by discussing the implications of this research for both theory and intervention practice.

scholarly journals Revisiting Mediation in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
Rafael Antonio Garcia ◽  
Tomás Cabeza de Baca ◽  
Jonathon Colby Gable ◽  
Dave Weise
Keyword(s):  
Social And Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
The Social
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document