PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL TO ENSURE STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

Positive Side ◽

Company Policy ◽

The Individual ◽

The main focus of this article is on the correlation between employee involvement in management decisions and the growth of both the organization and employees in all areas. The types of managerial behavior are analyzed, within which the main styles are identified, such as: authoritarian and democratic, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them, their impact on the workforce and behavior. The article reflects the need to involve employees in order to improve performance and a sense of responsibility, and lists not only the positive side of this implementation, but also possible negative changes. Effective communication and involvement of staff in management decisions create a basis for ensuring the effective functioning of the enterprise. Involvement of employees, in this article, is not seen as a goal or tool, as is practiced in many organizations, but as a philosophy of management and leadership on how best in a healthy environment to realize their abilities, grow, improve and succeed in each unit and organization in general. The article discusses the main forms of participatory management: informal and short-term participation of personnel in management decisions, consultative involvement of employees, attraction of employees to ownership, involvement of employees in control and improvement of processes, involvement of personnel in decisions about company policy, participation in the organization's income, participation in profits of the organization, participation in the management of the organization. A distinctive feature of this method from many systems of remuneration for labor activity is that the latter are built on the recognition of the contribution of an employee of a given organization at the individual level. Participatory governance is based on the recognition of interests all personnel being reciprocal. This leads to the fact that there is an integration of these interests, and workers become more interested in the results of their work. Involving employees in the decision-making process not only reduces outsourcing, which saves money, time and offers the company long-term reliable assistance from employees who have knowledge of all the processes and deep needs of the corporation.

Indices and Correlates of Positive Emotion in Psychopathology

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.37 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 95-118

Author(s):

Sunny J. Dutra ◽

Marianne Reddan ◽

John R. Purcell ◽

Hillary C. Devlin ◽

Keith M. Welker

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotion ◽

Self Report ◽

Individual Level ◽

Innovative Methods ◽

Behavioral Coding ◽

Broad Array ◽

Positive Valence ◽

The Individual ◽

Clinical Populations

This chapter not only draws from previous authoritative measurement overviews in the general field of emotion, but also advances these resources in several key ways. First, it provides a specific focus on positive valence systems, which have not yet received specific methodological attention. Second, the field of positive emotion (PE) has expanded in recent years with new and innovative methods, making an updated review of methodological tools timely. Third, the chapter incorporates discussion of PE disturbance in clinical populations and the methods best suited to capture PE dysfunctions. This chapter also outlines some tools that can allow researchers to capture a broad array of PE quantified by self-report, behavioral coding, and biological correlates as seen through changes in the central and peripheral nervous system (i.e., brain and body). After reviewing PE measurement methods and correlates, this chapter includes several methods for studying PE beyond the individual level (i.e., interpersonal) and traditional laboratory settings (i.e., ambulatory or experience sampling). It provides key examples of their applications to study PE in clinical populations while acknowledging several of their basic advantages and disadvantages.

Bridging Domains in Efforts to Reduce Disparities in Health and Health Care

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198106287730 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 440-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Shiriki K. Kumanyika ◽

Christiaan B. Morssink

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Population Health ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Social Dynamics ◽

Task Force ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Individual Level ◽

Care Services ◽

The Individual

The concept of health disparities is a familiar one, but we must continually challenge our thinking on how disparities issues are framed. The 1985 Report of the Secretary’s Task Force on Black and Minority Health established a disease-oriented focus on “excess deaths” as the primary targets of disparities initiatives. However, progress in reducing disparities has been limited. The disease focus, which emphasizes the individual-level and health care services, may be too narrow. A “population health” perspective can foster a more comprehensive and integrated approach. Both disease-oriented and population health perspectives have advantages and disadvantages, for both policy and practical purposes. The challenge is to effectively leverage both approaches to improve the health of ethnic minority and other disadvantaged populations. We need bridge builders who can articulate and hear diverse perspectives, work with systems, and maintain a long-term vision for affecting the social dynamics of society

The Development of Pro-Environmentalism in Context

The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676049.013.23 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 418-439

Author(s):

M. Kyle Matsuba ◽

Tobias Krettenauer ◽

Michael W. Pratt

Keyword(s):

Identity Formation ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Moral Issues ◽

Individual Level ◽

Societal Changes ◽

The Individual ◽

Moral Attitudes ◽

Global warming has become an existential concern for our own and the planet’s future. As developmental psychologists, the authors are interested in pro-environmental behavior at the individual level, believing that the societal changes needed to address this issue require changes at the individual level. In this chapter, the authors frame environmental issues as moral issues to the extent that how people think about, react to, and interact in the environment reflect moral values such as caring. Consequently, the authors explore how people’s moral attitudes, thinking, emotions, and behavior around environmental issues form and change over the course of development. They also investigate how developing experiences with the natural environment can influence its importance to the self and in identity formation. Finally, the authors consider that cultural context matters; that attitudes and behaviors toward the environment and how they develop depend on the culture in which we are raised and that what we currently know about the development of environmentalism in not likely to extend much beyond mainstream cultures in Western, industrialized countries.

Breaking the frame: frame disputes of war and peace

Acta Sociologica ◽

10.1177/0001699317715758 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 317-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chiara Ruffa ◽

Ralph Sundberg

Keyword(s):

Social Movements ◽

War And Peace ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Individual Level ◽

Organizational Frames ◽

Policy Relevance ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior ◽

The Military ◽

Frame Disputes

Frames guide the way in which organizations and individuals interpret their surrounding contexts and shape avenues for thought, action, and behavior. This paper tests the individual-level effects of experiencing ‘frame disputes’: the state of holding individual-level frames that are at odds with dominant organizational frames. We hypothesize that on the individual level a frame dispute will be associated with negative effects on outcomes important for an organization’s functioning. The hypothesis is tested using a survey of a battalion of Italian soldiers. Our results demonstrate that, on average, soldiers who experienced frame disputes in that they perceived their mission differently from the dominant organizational frame displayed significantly lower levels of perceived cohesion, performance, and legitimacy. Frame disputes are likely to be widespread phenomena among organizations and social movements, and understanding their effects has theoretical, empirical, and policy relevance beyond the military case under study.

Social learning for understanding planning practices at the individual level

Linguistics and Culture Review ◽

10.21744/lingcure.v5ns1.1374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (S1) ◽

pp. 284-292

Author(s):

Bahrudin Bahrudin ◽

Mahyudin Ritonga ◽

Andino Maseleno ◽

Miftachul Huda ◽

Mohd. Hairy Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Social Learning ◽

Government Policy ◽

Learning Program ◽

Individual Level ◽

Legal Sanction ◽

The People ◽

Natural Protection ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

Learning is a process of getting the knowledge to achieve better change. So people who learn need a process of guidance and direction to change their attitude and behavior to become independent human. In fact, most of people learn through selective observation and remember the behavior of other people in their environment. As has been done by the people who implement social learning program, the people have traditionally had local wisdom in protecting nature from generation to generation. This regulation has come a long way after the enactment of the government policy on natural protection of forest. As in the case of destroying forest, they will be subject to customary legal sanction in the form of fine which must be paid by someone as a form of apology.

Attitudinal Ambivalence

Psychology ◽

10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0254 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nicoletta Cavazza ◽

Vincent Pillaud ◽

Fabrizio Butera

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Individual Level ◽

Attitudinal Ambivalence ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

Research on attitudinal ambivalence started in the early 1970s, forty years after the first wave of research on attitudes. Ambivalent attitudes consist of both positive and negative evaluations of the same object. Early approaches proposed different measurement methods, and ambivalence can now be measured either directly (referred to as “felt ambivalence”) or indirectly (referred to as “potential ambivalence”). Because of its duality, ambivalence has been studied in comparison with univalent attitudes—which consist of either positive or negative evaluations of an object—to uncover their specific features, antecedents, and consequences. Relevant research has focused on identifying the prevalence of ambivalent attitudes, and on whether they could stem from particular personality traits or situations. Researchers have found that ambivalent attitudes seem to be widespread and can be held for a long period of time. Their relationship with behaviors has also been widely studied. At the individual level, ambivalence increases response latency when a choice has to be made, extends information processing, can affect attitude stability, and can even lead to discomfort. At the behavioral level, studies have highlighted the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence on the relationship between attitudes and behavior. A different field of research focuses on its strength to question whether ambivalence leads to more resistance or susceptibility to persuasion and influence. It appears that ambivalent attitudes are pliable and, depending on the context, can either help individuals to be more adaptive or prevent them from arriving at a satisfying conclusion. The role of ambivalent attitudes in interpersonal relationships and self-presentation also highlight some benefits in holding an ambivalent attitude. This article opens by reviewing general overviews to provide a detailed picture of the current state of research. It then presents early approaches to attitudinal ambivalence, and reviews studies that highlight the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence on the relationship between attitudes and behavior, as well as studies that question whether ambivalence might lead to more resistance or susceptibility to persuasion and influence. The article then focuses on the impact of ambivalence at the individual level. Antecedents of attitudinal ambivalence will be reviewed, as well as its consequences on the individual. The article concludes by presenting research questioning its functions as well as some applied work.

Sharia Islamic Economics in the Middle of Civilization Transition

Journal of Sharia Economics ◽

10.35896/jse.v3i1.169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 64-75

Author(s):

Mohammad Ghozali ◽

Resi Handayani ◽

Wahyudi Bakri

Keyword(s):

Economic System ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Positive Side ◽

Library Research ◽

The Government ◽

Islamic Economic ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

The existence of an economic system of capitalism, an economic system of socialism, and an economic system of sharia are a response to problems regarding the economy as well as an answer to removing people from the obscurity of the existing economic system. It’s hoped that these systems will be the key to the economic success of a society. But there are always advantages and disadvantages to every existing system. The economic system of capitalism is an economic system hi which investors or owners of capital are the movers and rulers. Meanwhile, the economic system of socialism is a system hi which the government is the main control, this system ignores the position of the individual, everything is regulated by the ruler and no one has the right other than the ruler. The considerations positives and negatives of each system have created a sharia economic system where this system has every positive side of the capitalist and socialist economic system but ignores the shortcomings or negative sides of the two systems. This paper discussed how the economic system of capitalism, the economic system of socialism, the Islamic economic system, and the relationship between them. The method used in this writing was library research, in which the authors used various secondary data from books, article, and many more. The results showed that it is clear that there are far differences between the conventional economic system and the Islamic economic system, the conventional economic system includes the economic system of capitalism and the economic system of socialism.

NeuMapper: A scalable computational framework for multiscale exploration of the brain’s dynamical organization

Network Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/netn_a_00229 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-154

Author(s):

Caleb Geniesse ◽

Samir Chowdhury ◽

Manish Saggar

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Dimensionality Reduction ◽

Topological Data Analysis ◽

Computational Framework ◽

Individual Level ◽

Computational Costs ◽

Neuroimaging Data ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior ◽

Human Neuroimaging

Abstract For better translational outcomes researchers and clinicians alike demand novel tools to distil complex neuroimaging data into simple yet behaviorally relevant representations at the single-participant level. Recently, the Mapper approach from topological data analysis (TDA) has been successfully applied on noninvasive human neuroimaging data to characterize the entire dynamical landscape of whole-brain configurations at the individual level without requiring any spatiotemporal averaging at the outset. Despite promising results, initial applications of Mapper to neuroimaging data were constrained by (1) the need for dimensionality reduction, and (2) lack of a biologically grounded heuristic for efficiently exploring the vast parameter space. Here, we present a novel computational framework for Mapper—designed specifically for neuroimaging data—that removes limitations and reduces computational costs associated with dimensionality reduction and parameter exploration. We also introduce new meta-analytic approaches to better anchor Mapper-generated representations to neuroanatomy and behavior. Our new NeuMapper framework was developed and validated using multiple fMRI datasets where participants engaged in continuous multitask experiments that mimic “ongoing” cognition. Looking forward, we hope our framework could help researchers push the boundaries of psychiatric neuroimaging towards generating insights at the single-participant level while scaling across consortium-size datasets.

A narrative review of the use of agent-based modeling in health behavior and behavior intervention

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/iby132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1065-1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yong Yang

Keyword(s):

Health Behavior ◽

Agent Based Modeling ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Behavior Intervention ◽

Agent Based ◽

Individual Level ◽

Limited Knowledge ◽

Health Behavior Intervention ◽

The Individual ◽

The application of ABMs have provided insights on health behavior intervention, but their potential has been not fully explored due to our limited knowledge of behaviors at the individual level.

Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198817444.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rosario Forlenza

Keyword(s):

Cultural Anthropology ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Individual Level ◽

Normal Limits ◽

The Social ◽

New Meanings ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior ◽

Beliefs And Attitudes ◽

Empirical Material

The Introduction presents an outline of the book, its sources and empirical material, and its theoretical and methodological approach, which rests on the key concept of meaning formation in liminality. Following the social and cultural anthropology of Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner, liminality refers to a period of transition during which the normal limits to thought, self-understanding, and behavior are relaxed, opening the way to novelty and imagination and generating new meanings, ideas, and consciousness. Lived experiences in liminal times generate horizons of expectations, beliefs, and attitudes that transform social and political identities and shape the emergence of a new political order. The anthropological approach advanced here suggests that the constitution of a political subjectivity, at the collective as well at the individual level, occurs mainly through experiences and results in fundamental changes in consciousness.