Work it: Looking At Labour And Compensation In Independent, Scholarly, Canadian Journals

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31235/osf.io/542n3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Lange ◽

Sarah Severson

Keyword(s):

Response Rate ◽

Editorial Team ◽

Academic Publishing ◽

Future Research ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Scholarly Journals ◽

Editorial Boards ◽

Commercial Publisher ◽

Monetary Compensation ◽

Current Practices

The goal of this paper is to document how labour is divided and compensated (both monetarily and non-monetarily) in independent, Canadian scholarly journals in order to inform future research on sustainability in academic publishing. We define independent as journals that are not affiliated with a commercial publisher, and Canadian as journals that have more than one third of their editorial boards at a Canadian institution. Earlier papers suggest that most independent, scholarly journals run primarily on volunteer labour, with little compensation (Edgar and Willinsky, 2010) or as Pooley (2019) suggests “[platinum OA journals] limp along, with estimable doggedness, but are often one devoted editor away from the digital graveyard”. As labour is the essential for the continued success of independent journals, understanding the depth (i.e. how many positions; how many hours per position), scope (i.e. which tasks are undertaken and who is responsible for them), and cost (monetary or non-monetary) of labour will be critical in understanding and ensuring these journals’ success, longevity, and sustainability. To investigate current practices, the authors distributed a survey to 488 Canadian journals meeting the inclusion criteria. The survey was composed of two sections: how labour is divided at a journal (i.e. how many positions are there, what are the responsibilities of these positions, and how many hours/week are dedicated to these positions) and compensation (i.e. does the journal provide monetary or non-monetary compensation to members of its editorial team, which positions receive compensation, and what is the source of these funds). The authors received 119 responses, for a 25% response rate.

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Editorial boards of 45 journals devoted to school and educational psychology: International characteristics and publication patterns

School Psychology International ◽

10.1177/0143034319887522 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 110-136

Author(s):

Jiayi Wang ◽

John C. Begeny ◽

Rahma M. Hida ◽

Helen O. Oluokun

Keyword(s):

Educational Psychology ◽

Future Research ◽

Board Members ◽

Scholarly Journals ◽

Research Directions ◽

Editorial Boards ◽

Publication Patterns ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

Future Research Directions

To assess and promote internationally representative scholarship, several past studies have examined the geographic affiliation of journals’ editorial board members and authors. The present study is the first known to examine this with journals devoted to school and educational psychology. After systematically identifying all peer-reviewed scholarly journals around the globe that are specifically devoted to school or educational psychology ( N = 45), the goals of this study were to (a) report key characteristics about each journal’s editorial board, and (b) examine the extent to which geographic affiliation (country where one is employed) is consistent among a journal’s editorial board members and recent authors. One key finding revealed that editorial boards of the discipline’s journals represent individuals from all global regions, but many global regions (e.g. Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America) are underrepresented. Another finding showed that the vast majority of journals evidence strong similarities in geographic affiliation between editorial board members and authors. Findings, implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed in the context of internationalization.

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What Are the Characteristics of Canadian Independent, Scholarly Journals? Results from a Website Analysis

Journal of Electronic Publishing ◽

10.3998/jep.153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Lange ◽

Sarah Severson

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Subject Area ◽

Editorial Team ◽

Board Structure ◽

Scholarly Journals ◽

For Profit ◽

Commercial Publisher ◽

Open Access Journals ◽

Article Processing Charges

The dominance of commercial publishers (Larivière, Haustein, and Mongeon 2015) has led to a discussion in Canada focusing on alternative models for supporting independent, non-commercial, scholarly journals. Although small in number, these journals represent an important contribution to Canadian and global scholarship. They also act as a counterbalance to the increasingly for-profit nature of scholarly publishing. Despite their importance, there exists no definitive list of journals of this nature in Canada, making analysis and understanding of their characteristics difficult.In order to address this gap, the researchers undertook an analysis of the websites of 485 Canadian, independent, scholarly journals. Independent was defined as journals which are not affiliated with a commercial publisher. The researchers gathered data for each journal on their access type (e.g., closed, open access), subject area, size and composition of the editorial team, and any affiliation(s). This data was then analyzed to create a portrait of these journals with these themes. The researchers found that most of these journals were affiliated with at least one organization, with over half being associated with two or more. They also discovered that affiliations varied depending on the discipline and that the size of the editorial team was correlated to the access type. Journals were predominantly in the humanities and social sciences, and the majority were open access (OA) without article processing charges (APCs).While the focus of this study is on Canadian journals, this article provides a framework for other researchers to examine non-commercial, independent publishing in their own countries. Its results also provide preliminary data which may inspire future avenues of research, particularly into models for non-APC, open access journals as well as the editorial board structure and size for independent journals.

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Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2016

Author(s):

Keely A. Shaw ◽

Gordon A. Zello ◽

Brian Bandy ◽

Jongbum Ko ◽

Leandy Bertrand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Future Research ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Sport Supplements ◽

Cord Injury

The use of dietary supplements is high among athletes and non-athletes alike, as well as able-bodied individuals and those with impairments. However, evidence is lacking in the use of dietary supplements for sport performance in a para-athlete population (e.g., those training for the Paralympics or similar competition). Our objective was to examine the literature regarding evidence for various sport supplements in a para-athlete population. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MedLine, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Seven varieties of supplements were investigated in the studies reviewed, including caffeine, creatine, buffering agents, fish oil, leucine, and vitamin D. The evidence for each of these supplements remains inconclusive, with varying results between studies. Limitations of research in this area include the heterogeneity of the subjects within the population regarding functionality and impairment. Very few studies included individuals with impairments other than spinal cord injury. Overall, more research is needed to strengthen the evidence for or against supplement use in para-athletes. Future research is also recommended on performance in para-athlete populations with classifiable impairments other than spinal cord injuries.

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Children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour and neighbourhood safety: a systematic review in measurement methods and future research directions

International Journal of Health Geographics ◽

10.1186/s12942-020-00254-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roula Zougheibe ◽

Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia ◽

Ashraf Dewan ◽

Ori Gudes ◽

Richard Norman

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Future Research ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Research Directions ◽

Spatial Locality ◽

Mobility Behaviour ◽

Health Studies ◽

Future Research Directions

Abstract Background Numerous studies have examined the association between safety and primary school-aged children’s forms of active mobility. However, variations in studies’ measurement methods and the elements addressed have contributed to inconsistencies in research outcomes, which may be forming a barrier to advancing researchers’ knowledge about this field. To assess where current research stands, we have synthesised the methodological measures in studies that examined the effects of neighbourhood safety exposure (perceived and measured) on children’s outdoor active mobility behaviour and used this analysis to propose future research directions. Method A systematic search of the literature in six electronic databases was conducted using pre-defined eligibility criteria and was concluded in July 2020. Two reviewers screened the literature abstracts to determine the studies’ inclusion, and two reviewers independently conducted a methodological quality assessment to rate the included studies. Results Twenty-five peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. Active mobility behaviour and health characteristics were measured objectively in 12 out of the 25 studies and were reported in another 13 studies. Twenty-one studies overlooked spatiotemporal dimensions in their analyses and outputs. Delineations of children’s neighbourhoods varied within 10 studies’ objective measures, and the 15 studies that opted for subjective measures. Safety perceptions obtained in 22 studies were mostly static and primarily collected via parents, and dissimilarities in actual safety measurement methods were present in 6 studies. The identified schematic constraints in studies’ measurement methods assisted in outlining a three-dimensional relationship between ‘what’ (determinants), ‘where’ (spatial) and ‘when’ (time) within a methodological conceptual framework. Conclusions The absence of standardised measurement methods among relevant studies may have led to the current diversity in findings regarding active mobility, spatial (locality) and temporal (time) characteristics, the neighbourhood, and the representation of safety. Ignorance of the existing gaps and heterogeneity in measures may impact the reliability of evidence and poses a limitation when synthesising findings, which could result in serious biases for policymakers. Given the increasing interest in children’s health studies, we suggested alternatives in the design and method of measures that may guide future evidence-based research for policymakers who aim to improve children’s active mobility and safety.

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Manual Therapy in Cervical and Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review of the Literature

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6176

Author(s):

Tomasz Kuligowski ◽

Anna Skrzek ◽

Błażej Cieślik

Keyword(s):

Manual Therapy ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Future Research ◽

Lumbar Radiculopathy ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Mean

The aim of this study was to describe and update current knowledge of manual therapy accuracy in treating cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, to identify the limitations in current studies, and to suggest areas for future research. The study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases up to April 2020. The following inclusion criteria were used: (1) presence of radiculopathy; (2) treatment defined as manual therapy (i.e., traction, manipulation, mobilization); and (3) publication defined as a Randomized Controlled Trial. The electronic literature search resulted in 473 potentially relevant articles. Finally, 27 articles were accepted: 21 on cervical (CR) and 6 in lumbar radiculopathy (LR). The mean PEDro score for CR was 6.6 (SD 1.3), and for LR 6.7 (SD 1.6). Traction-oriented techniques are the most frequently chosen treatment form for CR and are efficient in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes. In LR, each of the included publications used a different form of manual therapy, which makes it challenging to summarize knowledge in this group. Of included publications, 93% were either of moderate or low quality, which indicates that quality improvement is necessary for this type of research.

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Does the model of additive effect in placebo research still hold true? A narrative review

JRSM Open ◽

10.1177/2054270416681434 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 205427041668143 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katja Boehm ◽

Bettina Berger ◽

Ulrich Weger ◽

Peter Heusser

Keyword(s):

Context Effects ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Additive Model ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Integrative Study ◽

Additive Relation ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Study Designs

Personalised and contextualised care has been turned into a major demand by people involved in healthcare suggesting to move toward person-centred medicine. The assessment of person-centred medicine can be most effectively achieved if treatments are investigated using ‘with versus without’ person-centredness or integrative study designs. However, this assumes that the components of an integrative or person-centred intervention have an additive relationship to produce the total effect. Beecher’s model of additivity assumes an additive relation between placebo and drug effects and is thus presenting an arithmetic summation. So far, no review has been carried out assessing the validity of the additive model, which is to be questioned and more closely investigated in this review. Initial searches for primary studies were undertaken in July 2016 using Pubmed and Google Scholar. In order to find matching publications of similar magnitude for the comparison part of this review, corresponding matches for all included reviews were sought. A total of 22 reviews and 3 clinical and experimental studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results pointed to the following factors actively questioning the additive model: interactions of various effects, trial design, conditioning, context effects and factors, neurobiological factors, mechanism of action, statistical factors, intervention-specific factors (alcohol, caffeine), side-effects and type of intervention. All but one of the closely assessed publications was questioning the additive model. A closer examination of study design is necessary. An attempt in a more systematic approach geared towards solutions could be a suggestion for future research in this field.

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Osteopathic manipulative treatment and the Spanish flu: a historical literature review

Journal of Osteopathic Medicine ◽

10.1515/jom-2020-0112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 181-190

Author(s):

Francesca Baroni ◽

Damiana Mancini ◽

Silvia Clara Tuscano ◽

Simone Scarlata ◽

Christian Lunghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Influenza Pandemic ◽

Future Research ◽

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

National Library ◽

Hand Search ◽

Spanish Flu ◽

Osteopathic Physicians

Abstract Context The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 was approached with a variety of management techniques available at that time, including osteopathic care in addition to standard medical care. Objective To analyze the osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) techniques used for the management of patients affected by the Spanish flu according to four themes: the principles and procedures used, frequency and length of OMT, reported side effects, and advice for patients. Methods A structured review of the literature was performed by hand-searching texts at the Museum of Osteopathic Medicine International Center for Osteopathic History in Kirksville, Missouri, and online via PubMed (National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), and Google Scholar (Google, Inc). The literature search was carried out between February and March 2020. Three keywords were selected from the medical subject headings database of the National Library of Medicine: manipulation, osteopathic; influenza pandemic, 1918–1919; epidemics. Articles were then reviewed for relevance by screening for articles published between 1900 and 1940 that contained at least 1 of the following keywords in their title: Spanish influenza, flu, epidemic, grippe, pneumonia, or osteopathic management/treatment. All articles that provided information about OMT and advice met the inclusion criteria. Articles that did not report descriptions of manipulative intervention were excluded. Results Our search yielded 63 articles: 23 from the hand-search and 40 from the electronic search. No electronic source was selected for the review because none met inclusion criteria. A total of 16 articles from the hand-searched set met inclusion criteria and were analyzed according to the four main themes stated in the objective. The range of OMT approaches reported to be administered to patients with Spanish flu suggests that early osteopathic physicians treated patients with this disease using OMT in addition to offering advice on healthy lifestyle behaviors. Conclusion Conclusions from this study are limited by the historical and descriptive nature of the data gathered, which lacked the rigor of modern-day scientific studies. However, this review could lead to future research inquiries on the effectiveness of these approaches. Osteopathic physicians and osteopaths should embrace their historical osteopathic heritage by continuing the work of our predecessors and combining their hands-on experience and osteopathic principles with modern medical treatment and rigorous scientific standards.

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Volatile Anaesthetic Depression of the Carotid Body Chemoreflex-Mediated Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia: Directions for Future Research

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2014/394270 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. J. Pandit

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Carotid Body ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Molecular Processes ◽

Similar Dose ◽

Hypercapnic Response ◽

Ventilatory Response To Hypoxia ◽

Body Response

In assessing whether volatile anaesthetics directly depress the carotid body response to hypoxia it is necessary to combine in meta-analysis studies of when it is “functionally isolated” (e.g., recordings are made from its afferent nerve). Key articles were retrieved (full papers in English) and subjected to quantitative analysis to yield an aggregate estimate of effect. Results from articles that did not use such methodology were assessed separately from this quantitative approach, to see what could be learned also from a nonquantitative overview. Just 7 articles met the inclusion criteria for hypoxia and just 6 articles for hypercapnia. Within these articles, the anaesthetic (mean dose 0.75, standard deviation (SD) 0.40 minimum alveolar concentration, MAC) statistically significantly depressed carotid body hypoxic response by 24% (P=0.041), but a similar dose (mean 0.81 (0.42) MAC) did not affect the hypercapnic response. The articles not included in the quantitative analysis (31 articles), assessed qualitatively, also indicated that anaesthetics depress carotid body function. This conclusion helps direct future research on the anaesthetic effects on putative cellular/molecular processes that underlie the transduction of hypoxia in the carotid body.

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Provinciale responsverschillen in het Vlaamse Bevolkingsonderzoek Dikkedarmkanker: inzichten uit gemeentelijke socio-demografische en gezondheidsgerelateerde kenmerken

Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde ◽

10.47671/tvg.77.21.144 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

T.N. TRAN ◽

G. VAN HAL ◽

M. PEETERS ◽

S. JIDKOVA ◽

S. HOECK

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Response Rate ◽

Response Rates ◽

Target Population ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Future Research ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Average Income ◽

Medical File ◽

Crc Screening

Municipal characteristics associated with response rate to organised colorectal cancer screening in Flanders Introduction In Flanders (Belgium), the response rate to organised colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is still suboptimal (~ 50%). We studied the characteristics of municipalities in the Flemish provinces with the highest and lowest response rates to explore factors that might be associated with the response rate to organised CRC screening. Methods The response rates of municipalities in 5 Flemish provinces and the characteristics of municipalities in the provinces with the highest and lowest response rates were compared to the average measures of Flanders (data 2017) using an unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test. Results The municipal response rates in Limburg and Antwerp were significantly higher, and those in West Flanders and Flemish Brabant significantly lower compared to Flanders. Further analyses of Limburg (highest response rate) and Flemish Brabant (lowest response rate) suggested that municipalities with higher response rates had more men and people aged 60-64 in the target population, more jobseekers and more people who contacted GPs/specialists frequently, but fewer people aged 70-74 in the target population and with a lower average income compared to Flanders. In contrast, municipalities with lower response rates had fewer men in the target population, fewer people having a partner, fewer jobseekers and fewer people having a global medical file, but more people with a non-Dutch or non-Belgian nationality and a higher average income (p-values < 0.01). Conclusion This exploratory study identifies certain demographic, socioeconomic and health‑related municipal characteristics that may be related to the response rate to CRC screening in Flanders. These findings can guide future research and investigations with the aim to improve the response rate to CRC screening.

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