scholarly journals Open data, crowdsourcing and citizen evidence for human rights investigations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ambrose ◽  
Ryan Burns
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Ethical Research ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
The Social ◽  
Small Collection

New digital technologies allow unprecedented access to information about crises and disasters. A small collection of organizations and individuals are taking advantage of these new flows and forms of information to seek out human rights violations. In this working paper, Angela Ambrose situates these organizations within the umbrella of human rights investigations labs. She explores some of the social and political shifts within which these new practices should be understood, arguing that the practices raise important new ethical, research, and technical questions.

scholarly journals Narrating Human Rights in the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Rhea Gretchen Arevalo Abuso
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
National Elections ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Depth Interviews

The 2016 national elections in the Philippines have been regarded as the most revealing and consequential democratic practice to the human rights situation in the country for two reasons. First, the overwhelming election of Rodrigo Duterte to the presidency was because of his campaign promise to rid the country of drugs and criminality within “3 to 6 months” through bloody and violent means. Second, the son and namesake of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos, whose authoritarian regime in the 1970’s was responsible for countless human rights violations, narrowly lost his vice-presidential bid by a mere 270,000 votes. These turns of events beg the question: how could Filipinos, who experienced a bloody and violent regime at the hands of a dictator, choose to elect national leaders widely associated with human rights violations? This paper addresses this question through the use of in-depth interviews with Filipino college students in key cities in the Philippines in order to describe the Marcos regime from the perspective of the generation that did not experience the period. The research aimed to understand how memories of past human rights violations are formed and shaped, how these memories are crucial to the improvement of the human rights situation in society, and how to ensure that mistakes of the past are not repeated. The study found that widespread revisionist notions about the Marcos regime can be attributed to the absence of meaningful martial law and human rights education in the country.  However, the study also found that young Filipinos regard the social institution of education as the most trustworthy bearer of information on human rights and violent regimes. This highlights the crucial role of schools and educators in promoting human rights in society.

Part III The Social Dimension, 14 Human Rights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchlinski Peter T
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
State Action ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Council ◽  
The Social ◽  
Corporate Social

This chapter evaluates another element of corporate social responsibility (CSR) applicable to multinational enterprises (MNEs): human rights. Historically, human rights have been used by corporations to protect their vital interests against state action, leading to human/civil rights protections for corporations. The chapter focuses on how far MNEs, and other business actors, should be responsible for human rights violations. This has been significantly influenced by the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), endorsed in June of 2011 by the UN Human Rights Council, which implement the UN ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework. The UNGPs have created a framework for business and human rights that covers three pillars: the state duty to protect human rights, the corporate responsibility to respect human rights and access to remedy. The chapter then traces the development of concern for business and human rights, and discusses the justifications for holding businesses accountable for human rights violations, the establishment of business and human rights on the agenda of the UN and the principal areas in which business violations of human rights arise.

22. Transitional Justice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna R. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Retributive Justice ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines the link between transitional justice and human rights. Atrocities such as genocide, disappearances, torture, civil conflict, and other gross violations of human rights leave states with a puzzling and often difficult question: what to do with the perpetrators of such acts of violence. Transitional justice takes into account the social implications of such conflicts. Its emphasis is on how to rebuild societies in the period after human rights violations, as well as with how such societies, and individuals within those societies, should be held to account for their actions. The chapter considers three paradigms of transitional justice, namely: retributive justice, restorative justice, and reparative justice. It also discusses the proliferation of the number of mechanisms of transitional justice at work and concludes with a case study of transitional justice in Uganda.

scholarly journals The Failure of MINUSCA as Peacekeeping Force in the Central African Republic (CAR) in 2013-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hardi Alunaza SD ◽  
Virginia Sherin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Mental Trauma

Since Bozizé led the CAR from March 15, 2003, to March 24, 2013, there has been resistance from some of the rebel forces. The rebellion continues because of the economic and political weaknesses in the CAR government. One of them comes from an opposition coalition known as Séléka who staged a rebellion in 2013 with the aim of overthrowing the Bozizé regime. After the fall of Bozizé, CAR's condition has worsened because Séléka rebels have committed gross human rights violations in the CAR. This is where the conflict develops from the conflict that was originally just a conflict of government-opposition, then widened and turned to religious conflicts. As a result, questions arise about the efforts and involvement of third parties in conflict resolution within the CAR and the social impacts of the conflict. This article attempts to answer questions which focuses on the involvement of third parties as peacekeepers in conflict areas. In this case, the authors use qualitative research methods in the form of literature studies such as books, journals, and scientific articles in supporting the final explanation. The result of this paper shows that the failure of Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) as a peacekeeping force in the conflict in CAR in 2013-2015 is caused by human rights violation in the form of sexual exploitation. This has had a social impact on the lives of communities, especially women and children, suffer from physical and mental trauma resulting from conflict and become victims of human rights violations committed by MINUSCA.

scholarly journals Securitized and criminalized: an analysis of Mexico’s addition to the list of designated countries of origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Baker
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Refugee Policy ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Immigration Legislation ◽  
Government Corruption ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Refugee Claimant

Mexico’s addition to the list of Designated Countries of Origin (DCO) i.e. safe countries in light of extreme human rights violations and government corruption raises many questions. Using government data obtained through the Access to Information Act, this qualitative study examines the DCO policy and safe country designation process and applies the country designation criteria to the case of Mexico. Through government discourse, the securitization of migration and the construct of the ‘criminal’ refugee claimant have become normalized, leading to exclusionary immigration legislation. While questioning whether or not Mexico belongs on the DCO list, this study reveals the unjustifiable discrimination contained in Canadian refugee policy, specifically the Protecting Canada’s Immigration System Act (Bill C-31).

Handling Facebook: social media in the light of human rights violations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Gleb Bogush ◽  
Olga Kudinova
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Media Corporations

International justice does not remain on the sidelines from the intensive development of social media: the data stored on the social media possesses great evidentiary value in international courts. The dispute over the disclosure of information by Facebook for use in the Gambia v. Myanmar dispute before the International Court of Justice raises a broader issue of the international legal status of telecommunications companies, obligations of companies and states in relation to the use of social media for human rights violations and commission of international crimes. The article assesses the existing international legal regime of human rights obligations of global social media corporations, as well as their role in administration of international justice, by examining the case of the use of Facebook disseminating hate speech and inciting violence against the discriminated group of Rohingya in Myanmar. The authors analyze the report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, Facebook’s reaction to the information of its influence on the situation with Rohingya, and measures taken by the company to reduce the negative impact of its business activity on human rights. The article draws attention to the inconsistent position of Facebook with regard to facilitating the investigation of violations of international law committed through the social media. In particular, the authors comment on the dispute between the Gambia and Facebook before the U.S. Courts arising from the request on disclosure of materials forming evidence in the case of the Gambia v. Myanmar, and lack of action from the US with respect to human rights violations and genocide committed with resources of the US-based social media company. The authors underscore the uncertainty of international legal regulation that impedes effective international investigations of serious human rights violations. Non-state actors remain outside the reach of international justice and international accountability mechanisms, especially when they operate in jurisdictions of states that ignore their positive human rights obligations. The authors conclude that it is necessary to develop effective mechanisms for cooperation and accountability of social media corporations in the field of international justice, as they play an increasing role in the investigation of serious violations of human rights.

scholarly journals Gerakan Masyarakat Kendeng, Rembang untuk Keadilan dan Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizky Agus Harnanto ◽  
Atika Ishmatul Ummah ◽  
Elsya Rekavianti ◽  
Ayu Ratnasari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Issue

<p>The case of injustices and human rights violations in Kendeng, Rembang Regency become a national issue that has led to the emergence of the social movement to defend the rights of people. LBH Semarang is among CSOs that actively engage in the movement. This research is qualitative and descriptive using LBH Semarang as a case study. By applying observation, interviews and document study, this research found that LBH Semarang Plays important role in organizing the movement to reject the establishment of cement industry in Kendeng. </p>

scholarly journals Factors of Dental Hygienists' Experiences Related to the Elderly that Affect the Perception of Human Rights Violations Against the Elderly: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeung-Ae Jang ◽  
Yu-Rin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Management ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background: Korean society has become an elderly society at an unprecedented rate, and the social and economic problems emerging in such a society are very serious. Good oral health is important for older people’s wellbeing and quality of life, and is essential for healthy ageing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the elderly-related experiences of dental hygienists in charge of oral health on human rights violations against the elderly. Methods: This study was conducted through an IRB review at Silla University in Korea (No. 1041449-202012-HR-001). For about a month from February 1, 2021, the survey questionnaire was distributed to dental hygienists living in South Korea, and 153 people who accomplished and sent back the questionnaires were selected as the final subjects. Polyserial correlation analysis was performed to confirm the relevance of each factor, and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors of elderly-related experiences that affect the perception of human rights violations against the elderly.Results: All three experiences related to the elderly were highly related to the perception of violations of financial human rights of the elderly (p<0.01). In addition, the experience of education related to the elderly showed a high perception of psychological violation of the human rights of the elderly (R=0.405, p<0.01), and the experience of volunteer activities related to the elderly showed a high perception of neglectful violations of human rights of the elderly (R=0.277, p<0.01). Conclusion: At this point in time when the number of the elderly is increasing, dental hygienists have to focus on specialized oral health management for the elderly that respects their human rights.

Social Sciences Today: Contemporary Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Fedotova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Public Expression ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

The article highlights several areas that pose challenges for social science today. One of the challenges is the study of culture. The evolution of interest in culture in the social sciences is traced through an appeal to the role of culture in eco­nomics, which was an ideal type of ignoring culture for the most part of the 20th century. A paradigmatic shift towards interest in the study of culture at the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries temporarily expelled society from the main forces that determine human behavior. This approach is no less reductionist than the previous expulsion of culture. The growing attention to the role of culture somewhat obscures the discussion of the problems caused by the spread of global capitalism and the development of digital technologies. Several other challenges stem from the changes in the internal and external contexts of social knowledge production. In our opinion, the idea of human rights is becoming a new significant context both for discussing the challenges of digitalization, and external challenges to science. The author maintains the right to one’s own knowledge and public expression of judgment, to some extent reduces the grow­ing restrictions in other areas of the human rights exercise.

Corporate social responsibility, human rights and law firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Claudia Carr
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Responsibility ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
Corporate Social

An increase in the power and reach of corporations has driven increasing concern with corporate responsibility. The social impact of corporations, including law firms, includes any interactions with human rights. This article argues that Australian law firms should engage more actively with human rights standards, and ensure that they are not unwittingly complicit in human rights violations. It identifies key areas in which law firms’ conduct may impact human rights, and suggests corporate responsibility practices and policies for adoption.

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