scholarly journals The EU Commission’s Digital Tax Proposals and its Cross-platform Impact in the EU and the OECD

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Lips

The EU Commission’s directive proposals on corporate taxation of digital multinationals, especially the digital services tax (DST), show the increased assertiveness of the Commission on taxation matters. Both inward and outwards in the parallel OECD negotiations on digital taxation. By drawing on Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework, elite interviews and policy documents, I assess the dynamics of the proposal at the EU and OECD. While the DST will fall short in the EU Council due to unanimity requirements, I argue that the Commission actually achieved its pre-prescribed goals. Within the EU, it provided coherency for unilateral DSTs by member states. At the OECD, the proposals increased the threat of uncoordinated unilateral measures. This created a period of uncertainty and pressured laggard states, which helped lead to a tentative window for reform. As such, the proposals are an example of cross-platform policy entrepreneurship by the EU Commission, projecting influence despite unanimity constraints.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Haacke

Abstract This article aims to contribute to the evolving dialogue between foreign policy analysis and public policy with reference to John Kingdon's multiple streams approach. It problematizes how one of the key concepts of MSA—policy windows—has been used in applications to foreign policy and suggests that policy windows may be more difficult to exploit than illustrations of successful foreign policy entrepreneurship indicate. Indeed, the article argues that policy windows can be either small or large; their size will likely differ not least because policy windows are situated within numerous contexts. With reference to instances of foreign policy redirection, the article highlights four such contexts: the placement and access of foreign policy entrepreneurs; the level of contestation surrounding a problematic but prevailing policy; geopolitical pressures; and ideas guiding foreign policy. The article moreover suggests that by contextualizing policy windows and considering also how contingency may affect policy windows, it seems possible to integrate insights from foreign policy analysis into current theorizing about foreign policy entrepreneurship drawing on the multiple streams framework. The empirical illustration examines the policy window that opened up for policy entrepreneurs to recast longstanding US policy toward military-run Myanmar as the Obama administration took office. Cet article a pour objectif de contribuer à l’évolution du dialogue entre Analyse de la politique étrangère et Politique publique en faisant référence à l'approche des courants multiples de John Kingdon. Il problématise la manière dont l'un des concepts clés de l'approche des courants multiples—celui de fenêtres politiques—a été utilisé dans des applications à la politique étrangère et suggère que les fenêtres politiques peuvent être plus difficiles à exploiter que les illustrations d'entreprise de politique étrangère réussie l'indiquent. En effet, cet article soutient que les fenêtres politiques peuvent être petites ou grandes ; leur taille sera susceptible de varier, notamment car elles interviennent dans de nombreux contextes. Il fait référence à des cas de réorientation de politique étrangère et met en évidence quatre de ces contextes : le placement et l'accès des entrepreneurs de politique étrangère, le niveau de contestation autour d'une politique problématique mais dominante, les pressions géopolitiques et les idées guidant la politique étrangère. Cet article suggère en outre qu'en contextualisant les fenêtres politiques et en prenant également en considération la façon dont la contingence peut affecter les fenêtres politiques, il semble possible d'intégrer les renseignements issus de l'analyse de la politique étrangère à la théorisation actuelle de l'entreprise de politique étrangère en s'inspirant du cadre des courants multiples. L'illustration empirique qu'il inclut est une observation de la fenêtre politique qui s'est ouverte aux entrepreneurs politiques pour remanier la politique américaine de longue date envers le Myanmar sous régime militaire lorsque l'administration Obama est entrée en fonction. El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir al diálogo en evolución entre el Análisis de la Política Exterior y la Política Pública con referencia al Enfoque de Corrientes Múltiples (MSA) de John Kingdon. El artículo problematiza la forma en que se ha utilizado uno de los conceptos clave del MSA (la ventana de oportunidad) en las aplicaciones a la política exterior y sugiere que las ventanas de oportunidad política pueden ser más difíciles de explotar de lo que indican los ejemplos ilustrativos de la política exterior empresarial. De hecho, el artículo sostiene que las ventanas de oportunidad política pueden ser pequeñas o grandes; su tamaño probablemente diferirá, entre otras cosas, ya que las ventanas de oportunidad se sitúan en numerosos contextos. Con referencia a los casos de reorientación de la política exterior, este artículo destaca cuatro de estos contextos: la ubicación y el acceso de los emprendedores de políticas exteriores; el nivel de impugnación que rodea a una política problemática pero predominante; las presiones geopolíticas y las ideas que guían la política exterior. Además, el artículo sugiere que al contextualizar las ventanas de oportunidad política y al considerar también cómo la contingencia puede afectar a las ventanas de oportunidad, parece posible integrar las ideas del análisis de la política exterior en la teorización actual sobre el esquema empresarial de la política exterior basándose en el marco de las corrientes múltiples. La ilustración empírica examina la ventana de oportunidad política que se abrió para que los emprendedores de políticas reformularan la antigua política de EE.UU. con respecto a cuando los militares gobernaron Birmania cuando la administración de Obama asumió el cargo.


Author(s):  
Judy Gregg ◽  
Julie Miller ◽  
Kathleen Tennant

As health professionals, nurses have an obligation to be actively involved in leading policy changes that improve health. As Policy Entrepreneurs, nurses can advocate for stronger policies to address countless public health concerns by applying the Multiple Streams Framework approach. In this article, the authors explain the concept of policy entrepreneurship, describe the purpose of their quality improvement project involving the reduction of motor vehicle crashes in a rural, Midwest community in the United States, and then discuss process considerations and project outcomes. They also summarize and interpret the outcomes, share the project limitations and facilitators, and conclude that the Multiple Streams Framework approach is an effective process for nurses to use in bringing about change. They note that in accomplishing their goal, which involved merging a community problem, community policy, and community political streams, they created a new nursing role, specifically that of a Nurse Policy Entrepreneur (NPE). Implementing this role enabled them to gain judicial approval for a teen-driver-offender policy change to make their community a safer place.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bastian Widyatama

Kingdon’s Multiple Streams, a framework to analyze agenda-setting process is widely considered as a ‘universal’ theoretical framework because of its flexibility to be applied. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the validity of this ‘universal’ term. By using the case of the establishment of Law No.13 of 2012 concerning the Privilege of Yogyakarta Special Region, this research aims to apply and examine the Kingdon’s framework. The research has been done by using the qualitative method. Interviewing key persons and interpreting written documents are main techniques in data collection process. As the result, this framework remains applicable in the Yogyakarta case. There are 3 factors that brought Yogyakarta issues into the central government’s agenda encompass problem, policy, and politics. Politics is the most dominant factor indicated by Yogyakartans strong political movement and Sultanate of Yogyakarta’s political approach. In addition, Sultanate of Yogyakarta can also be discussed as a policy entrepreneur. As the conclusion, this research has a significant contribution to Kingdon’s multiple streams framework which is still able to explain social phenomena in policy making studies although there are some concerns that need to be explored further, particularly regarding the role of media and policy entrepreneur. Keywords: Agenda setting, policy, Law No.13 of 2012, Sultanate of Yogyakarta


2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110303
Author(s):  
Louis Florin ◽  
François Pichault

The emergence of dependent contractors challenges the existing institutions regarding social protection and labour regulation. This article aims at identifying the political narratives that explain the emergence of New Forms of Employment (NFE) and dependent contracting along with the policy solutions proposed by the social partners at the EU and international level. By analysing policy documents from the social partners through the lens of a qualitative version of the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), the authors indentify two distinct narratives – ‘devaluation of work’ and ‘entrepreneurship and flexibility’. The authors show how these rationales lead to various policy solutions and identify oppositions and possible compromise.


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