scholarly journals Introducing Preregistration of Research Design to Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Adrian Ross ◽  
Brian Ballsun-Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
The Social

Archaeology has an issue with "just-in-time" research, where insufficient attention is paid to articulating a research design before fieldwork begins. Data collection, management, and analysis approaches are under-planned and, often, evolve during fieldwork. While reducing the amount of preparation time for busy researchers, these tendencies reduce the reliability of research by exacerbating the effects of cognitive biases and perverse professional incentives. They cost time later through the accrual of technical debt. Worse, these practices hinder research transparency and scalability by undermining the quality, consistency, and compatibility of data. Archaeologists would benefit from embracing the "preregistration revolution" sweeping other disciplines. By publicly committing to research design and methodology ahead of time, researchers can produce more robust research, generate useful and reusable datasets, and reduce the time spent correcting problems with data. Preregistration can accommodate the diversity of archaeological research, including quantitative and qualitative approaches, hypothesis-testing and hypothesis-generating research paradigms, and place-specific and generalizing aims. It is appropriate regardless of the technical approach to data collection and analysis. More broadly, it encourages a more considered, thoughtful approach to research design. Preregistration templates for the social sciences can be adopted for use by archaeologists.

Delegation of Responsibilities: A Leadership Tool for Subordinates’ Competence Development in Selected Organisations in Ibadan Metropolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayodeji Omolawal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Organisational Climate ◽  
Qualitative Approaches

Delegation of responsibilities constitutes a very important ingredient of good leadership in organisations and is critical to competence development of workers. However, experience shows that many leaders are unwilling to delegate responsibilities to their subordinates for a number of reasons. This study was therefore designed to investigate delegation of responsibilities as a tool for competence development of subordinates in selected organisations in Ibadan metropolis. The study, anchored on Elkem’s model, was descriptive and adopted survey research design with a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It was conducted on 206 respondents randomly selected from 20 public and private organisations in Ibadan. Questionnaire and IDI were instruments of data collection, while the data collected were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study showed that respondents perceived delegation of responsibilities as a vital tool for developing, equipping and motivating subordinates; and that it had positive effects on subordinates’ performance (X2 = 11.14, p-value = 0.001). The study also revealed that lack of confidence in subordinates (79%), level of skill and competence (66%), organisational climate (68%) and bureaucracy (58%) were barriers to delegation of responsibilities. Delegation of responsibilities is a cost-free way of enhancing competence development of subordinates in organisations, and should therefore, be encouraged among leaders irrespective of their levels.

Hearing Aids for Ménière's Syndrome: Implications of Hearing Fluctuation

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celene McNeill ◽  
Catherine M. McMahon ◽  
Philip Newall ◽  
Mary Kalantzis
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Great Satisfaction ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

Background: Hearing fluctuation imposes the biggest challenge in the fitting of hearing aids for patients with Ménière's syndrome. Purpose: This study shows that the problem maybe be overcome by allowing the patients to test their own hearing and to program their own hearing aids to adjust for hearing fluctuation. Research Design and Study Sample: A group of 40 participants diagnosed with Ménière's syndrome were fitted with Widex Senso Diva hearing aids and were provided with a portable Senso Programmer 3 (SP3) that allowed them to measure their own hearing thresholds at up to 14 different frequencies and to program their own devices. Intervention: The participants were instructed to test their hearing three times a day for 8 weeks and to program their hearing aids according to the measured thresholds. Data Collection and Analysis: All participants recorded some degree of hearing fluctuation during the 8-week trial. Results and Conclusions: Among participants, 70 percent continued to program their hearing aids on a regular basis and reported great satisfaction with amplification because they are now able to adjust their own devices when their hearing fluctuates.

Comments on systematic methodologies of action research in the new millennium: A review of publications 2000–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Fuquan Huang ◽  
Wenjie Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Collection Methods

Substantial attention has been given to action research. A systematic review was implemented in 2001 to provide a complete summary of existing action research studies, but there is no systematic exploration of action research publications for this millennium. The general objective of this study was to systematically retrieve and review empirical studies on action research methodologies from 2000 to 2014. The consecutive and structured process of searching, selecting and examining articles through the Matrix Method was elaborated clearly in this paper. This study has found a wide variety of action research paradigms, data collection, and analysis methods and this paper discussed action research quality from these three aspects. Actor-network theory was introduced to propose the Spectrum of action research paradigms. In addition, a new classification was presented to group all data collection methods into those conducted respectively by researchers, participants, and both. Six kinds of commonly used data analysis approaches were extracted. Limitations and conclusions of the study were articulated in this paper.

scholarly journals Studi deskriptif minat sosial pada remaja ditinjau dari latar belakang keluarga

Cognicia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Hultia Manani Syarqi ◽  
Sofa Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
The Family

Today’s teenagers spend more time with technology than interacting with people around them whereas adolescents should experience the process of learning and exploring and developing themselves through their surroundings and social environment to foster social interests. The purpose of this study is to describe the social interest of adolescents, especially regarding the family background using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The number of subjects in this study was 196 people with the criteria of the age is those in the age of 12-18 years. Data collection is conducted using the Social Interest Index (SII) instrument by Greever with a total of 32 items. The results of the study show that adolescents have moderate level social interest. There is no significant difference between social interest and the characteristics of the subjects or their family backgrounds.

scholarly journals Performance indicators and standards for Polish research libraries

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (87) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Lidia Derfer-Wolf ◽  
Ewa Dobrzynska-Lankosz ◽  
Wanda Dziadkiewicz ◽  
Miroslaw Gorny ◽  
Elzbieta Gorska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Library Evaluation

The article discusses proposed standards for Polish research libraries evaluation. At the beginning, the authors present the situation of research libraries in Poland. They write about the effects of the social-political transformation in the 90s, present selected statistical data, and describe the progress in computerisation. The following part of the article relates to the currently applied in Poland standards of library evaluation. Discussed are e.g. the presently applied tools for data collection and analysis. The last part includes proposed methods for the preparation of standards and assessments for Polish research libraries.

Conducting Comparative Participant Observation

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-87
Author(s):  
Corey M. Abramson ◽  
Martín Sánchez-Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Following the argument for the importance of comparative participant observation for approaches descendent from the conventional scientific tradition (CST), this chapter outlines how the behavioralist foundations summarized in chapter 1 translate to procedures and techniques for charting causal mechanisms in comparative ethnographic research. The chapter begins by examining the practices and techniques of the behavioralist approach in detail and describes the mode of research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, and explanation associated with this approach, giving examples from prior empirical works. The chapter then turns to longstanding concerns about ethnographic reliability and replication and explains how this approach addresses them. In doing so, it shows how behavioralist criteria align with, and diverge from, other methodological approaches to the collection, analysis, and extension of ethnographic data. The chapter concludes by explaining the contributions that can be made by repositioning participant observation within the spectrum of approaches to understanding causal processes in the social sciences.

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