scholarly journals The Residential Segregation of Same-Sex Households from Different-Sex Households in Metropolitan USA, circa-2010

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D'Lane Compton ◽  
Dudley Poston ◽  
Qian Xiong ◽  
Emily Knox
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Community Surveys ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Gay Males ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Residential segregation is a major area of research in demography. By far the majority of the research has focused on the segregation of racial/ethnic minorities from the majority white group in metropolitan areas of the United States and several other countries. Few analyses have focused on the spatial segregation of sexual minorities from the majority. In this paper we analyze the residential segregation of gay male and lesbian households from heterosexual married and heterosexual cohabiting households. We use two dissimilarity measures of residential segregation and draw on data from the American Community Surveys for 2008 through 2012 to calculate segregation scores for the 100 MSAs with the largest gay male and lesbian populations in around the year 2010. We show that there is a sizable amount of homosexual-heterosexual residential segregation. We also show that gay males are more segregated from different-sex partners than are lesbians, and that levels of segregation vary positively across the cities with the size of the gay and lesbian populations.

scholarly journals Same-Sex Couples and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ning Hsieh ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Kenneth M Langa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objectives We provide the first nationally representative population-based study of cognitive disparities among same-sex and different-sex couples in the United States. Methods We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2016). The sample included 23,669 respondents (196 same-sex partners and 23,473 different-sex partners) aged 50 and older who contributed to 85,117 person-period records (496 from same-sex partners and 84,621 from different-sex partners). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Mixed-effects discrete-time hazard regression models were estimated to predict the odds of cognitive impairment. Results The estimated odds of cognitive impairment were 78% (p < .01) higher for same-sex partners than for different-sex partners. This disparity was mainly explained by differences in marital status and, to a much lesser extent, by differences in physical and mental health. Specifically, a significantly higher proportion of same-sex partners than different-sex partners were cohabiting rather than legally married (72.98% vs. 5.42% in the study sample), and cohabitors had a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment than their married counterparts (odds ratio = 1.53, p < .001). Discussion The findings indicate that designing and implementing public policies and programs that work to eliminate societal homophobia, especially among older adults, is a critical step in reducing the elevated risk of cognitive impairment among older same-sex couples.

Residential segregation of same-sex partnered households in the US

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 973-981
Author(s):  
Danielle Xiaodan Morales
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Usa

Purpose Quantitative research on the segregation of same-sex partners in the USA is new, and limited by challenges related to the accurate measurement of segregation and data errors. The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel approach to re-examine residential segregation between same-sex partners and different-sex partners in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Two versions of the dissimilarity index and corrected same-sex partners data from the 2010 decennial census were used. Effects of different geographic scales were examined. Findings Results reveal that the levels of segregation of both male and female same-sex partners were higher at metropolitan- vs state-levels; the levels of segregation was lower when measured using the unbiased as compared to the conventional version of the D-index; and male same-sex partnered households were more segregated from different-sex partnered households than were female same-sex partnered households. Research limitations/implications Future studies should be attuned to geographic scale effects and should not ignore the bias of the D-index. Originality/value This study provides a better test of the differences between the two versions of the D-index and contributes to the literature by examining the segregation of both male same-sex partners and female same-sex partners across different geographic scales.

scholarly journals Breaking Down Segregation: Shifting Geographies of Male Same-Sex Households Within Desegregating Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Amy Spring
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractFrom 2000 to 2010, the segregation of male same-sex couples from different-sex couples declined in almost all of the nation’s largest cities. This trend toward a more even distribution of male same-sex couples across city neighborhoods calls into question the demographic future of gay neighborhoods. However, it is unclear how exactly male same-sex couples are spatially reorganizing within desegregating cities. Multiple processes could be driving declining segregation, including declining shares of same-sex households within gay neighborhoods, the emergence of gay neighborhoods in new parts of the city, and/or a general dispersal of same-sex couples to almost all neighborhoods. Moreover, it is unclear what characteristics—like urbanicity, housing values, or racial/ethnic composition—define neighborhoods that have gained (or lost) same-sex partners. This chapter uses data from the 2000 and 2010 Decennial Censuses to investigate neighborhood-level changes within desegregating cities. The small number of increasingly segregated cities are also explored. Results indicate that increasing representation of male same-sex households across most neighborhoods and an expanding number of gay neighborhoods are important contributors to the trend of declining segregation. In contrast, the loss of gay neighborhoods from a city was fairly uncommon—most neighborhoods that obtained large concentrations of same-sex partners tended to keep those concentrations over time. Finally, the same residential expansion of same-sex households that occurred within desegregating cities did not occur in cities that experienced increasing segregation. These results have important implications for the spatial organization of same-sex households into the future. The chapter concludes with a discussion and critique of census data for the continued study of the geography and segregation of same-sex partners.

scholarly journals Do Black Lives Matter in the American Public’s Mitigation Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mask Wearing and Racial/ethnic Disparities in Deaths from COVID-19 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berkeley Franz ◽  
Adrienne Milner ◽  
Jomills H. Braddock
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Background: Anti-black and anti-Hispanic attitudes in the U.S. must be included in efforts to understand resistance to public health measures, such as mask wearing, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the structural and individual context of racism will enable us to improve public health and better prepare for future public health challenges. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mask usage, racial segregation, and racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths.Methods: We used linear regression to assess whether the racial/ethnic composition of deaths and residential segregation predicted Americans’ decisions to wear masks in July 2020. Results: After controlling for mask mandates, mask usage increased when the White death rates relative to Black and Hispanic rates increased. Conclusions: Mask wearing may be shaped by an insensitivity to Black and Hispanic deaths and a corresponding unwillingness to engage in health protective behaviors. The broader history of systemic racism and residential segregation may also explain why white Americans do not wear masks or perceive themselves to be at risk when communities of color are disproportionately affected by COVID-19.

Same-Sex Cohabitors and Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Corinne Reczek ◽  
Dustin Brown
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Racial Ethnic

A legacy of research finds that marriage is associated with good health. Yet same-sex cohabitors cannot marry in most states in the United States and therefore may not receive the health benefits associated with marriage. We use pooled data from the 1997 to 2009 National Health Interview Surveys to compare the self-rated health of same-sex cohabiting men ( n = 1,659) and same-sex cohabiting women ( n = 1,634) with that of their different-sex married, different-sex cohabiting, and unpartnered divorced, widowed, and never-married counterparts. Results from logistic regression models show that same-sex cohabitors report poorer health than their different-sex married counterparts at the same levels of socioeconomic status. Additionally, same-sex cohabitors report better health than their different-sex cohabiting and single counterparts, but these differences are fully explained by socioeconomic status. Without their socioeconomic advantages, same-sex cohabitors would report similar health to nonmarried groups. Analyses further reveal important racial-ethnic and gender variations.

The Dimensions of Racial Inequality: Occupational and Residential Segregation Across Metropolitan Areas in the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Ovadia
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Exogenous Factor ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
American Society

Residential and occupational segregation are two structural systems that perpetuate the disadvantaged status of blacks in American society. Despite extensive research on both these topics, there has been little empirical examination as to whether they are independent systems or both part of a larger monolithic system of racial inequality. An analysis of 1990 Census data for 261 metropolitan areas shows that there is a negative zero‐order correlation between the two forms of segregation. However, controlling for the size of the population accounts for the negative correlation. Net of this exogenous factor, the correlation between the two forms of segregation is not statistically significant. This suggests that for individuals, the issue of racial inequality is one of tradeoffs between forms of disadvantage as one moves from city to city. For policymakers, these results indicate that urban racial inequality is multidimensional, requiring different strategies for different manifestations.

scholarly journals Racial, Rural, and Regional Disparities in Diabetes-Related Lower-Extremity Amputation Rates, 2009–2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvellous A. Akinlotan ◽  
Kristin Primm ◽  
Jane N. Bolin ◽  
Abdelle L. Ferdinand Cheres ◽  
JuSung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Minor Amputation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective <p>To examine <a>the racial/ethnic, rural-urban, and regional variations in the trends of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations (LEA) among hospitalized U.S. adults from 2009-2017</a>.</p> <p>Research Design and Methods </p> <p>We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2009-2017) to identify trends in LEA rates among those primarily hospitalized with diabetes in the United States. We conducted multivariable logistic regressions to identify individuals at risk of LEA based on their race/ethnicity, census region location (North, Midwest, South and West) and rurality of residence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From 2009 to 2017, the rates of minor LEAs increased across all racial/ethnic, rural/urban, and census region categories. <a>The increase in minor LEAs was driven by Native Americans (Annual Percent Change (APC)=7.1%, p < 0.001) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (APC=7.8%, p < 0.001). Residents of Non-Core </a>(APC=5.4%, p < 0.001) and Large Central Metropolitan areas (APC=5.5%, p < 0.001), experienced the highest increases over time in minor LEA rates. Whites, residents of the Midwest, Non-Core and Small Metropolitan areas experienced a significant increase in major LEAs. Regression findings showed that Native Americans and Hispanics were more likely to have a minor or major LEA, compared to Whites. The odds of a major LEA increased with rurality and was also higher among residents of the South, compared to those of the Northeast. A steep decline in major to minor amputation ratios was observed, especially among Native Americans.</p> <p> </p> <p>Conclusions </p> <p>Despite increased risk of diabetes-related lower limb amputations in underserved groups, our findings are promising when the major to minor amputation ratio is considered.</p>

scholarly journals Racial, Rural, and Regional Disparities in Diabetes-Related Lower-Extremity Amputation Rates, 2009–2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvellous A. Akinlotan ◽  
Kristin Primm ◽  
Jane N. Bolin ◽  
Abdelle L. Ferdinand Cheres ◽  
JuSung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Minor Amputation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective <p>To examine <a>the racial/ethnic, rural-urban, and regional variations in the trends of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations (LEA) among hospitalized U.S. adults from 2009-2017</a>.</p> <p>Research Design and Methods </p> <p>We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2009-2017) to identify trends in LEA rates among those primarily hospitalized with diabetes in the United States. We conducted multivariable logistic regressions to identify individuals at risk of LEA based on their race/ethnicity, census region location (North, Midwest, South and West) and rurality of residence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From 2009 to 2017, the rates of minor LEAs increased across all racial/ethnic, rural/urban, and census region categories. <a>The increase in minor LEAs was driven by Native Americans (Annual Percent Change (APC)=7.1%, p < 0.001) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (APC=7.8%, p < 0.001). Residents of Non-Core </a>(APC=5.4%, p < 0.001) and Large Central Metropolitan areas (APC=5.5%, p < 0.001), experienced the highest increases over time in minor LEA rates. Whites, residents of the Midwest, Non-Core and Small Metropolitan areas experienced a significant increase in major LEAs. Regression findings showed that Native Americans and Hispanics were more likely to have a minor or major LEA, compared to Whites. The odds of a major LEA increased with rurality and was also higher among residents of the South, compared to those of the Northeast. A steep decline in major to minor amputation ratios was observed, especially among Native Americans.</p> <p> </p> <p>Conclusions </p> <p>Despite increased risk of diabetes-related lower limb amputations in underserved groups, our findings are promising when the major to minor amputation ratio is considered.</p>

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