Objective
<p>To examine <a>the racial/ethnic, rural-urban, and regional variations in
the trends of diabetes-related lower extremity amputations (LEA) among
hospitalized U.S. adults from 2009-2017</a>.</p>
<p>Research Design and
Methods </p>
<p>We used the National
Inpatient Sample (NIS) (2009-2017) to identify trends in LEA rates among those
primarily hospitalized with diabetes in the United States. We conducted
multivariable logistic regressions to identify individuals at risk of LEA based
on their race/ethnicity, census region location (North, Midwest, South and
West) and rurality of residence.</p>
<p>Results</p>
<p>From 2009 to 2017, the rates of minor LEAs increased
across all racial/ethnic, rural/urban, and census region categories. <a>The increase in minor LEAs was driven by Native Americans
(Annual Percent Change (APC)=7.1%, p < 0.001) and Asian/Pacific Islanders
(APC=7.8%, p < 0.001). Residents of Non-Core </a>(APC=5.4%, p < 0.001) and Large Central
Metropolitan areas (APC=5.5%, p < 0.001), experienced the highest increases over time in minor LEA rates. Whites, residents of
the Midwest, Non-Core and Small Metropolitan areas experienced a significant
increase in major LEAs. Regression findings showed that Native Americans and Hispanics
were more likely to have a minor or major LEA, compared to Whites. The odds of
a major LEA increased with rurality and was also higher among residents of the
South, compared to those of the Northeast. A steep decline in major to minor
amputation ratios was observed, especially among Native Americans.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Conclusions </p>
<p>Despite increased risk of diabetes-related
lower limb amputations in underserved groups, our findings are promising when
the major to minor amputation ratio is considered.</p>