scholarly journals Survey evidence of excess mortality in Bihar in the second COVID-19 surge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apurva Bamezai ◽  
Murad Banaji ◽  
Aashish Gupta ◽  
Shivani Pandey ◽  
Sharan MR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Crude Death Rate ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Baseline Mortality

The second surge of COVID-19 had a large mortality impact in India. However, there are few reliable estimates of the magnitude of this impact for India’s poorer states. This note presents results of a small-scale phone survey in Bihar which interviewed a random sample of beneficiaries of the state’s Public Distribution System. This pilot survey was conducted in June 2021 and asked more than 500 respondents about any deaths in their household since April 1, 2021.We observe an annualized Crude Death Rate of 24.3 deaths per 1,000 [95% CI 13.0-37.4] during the second surge of the pandemic in Bihar. The observed death rate is more than four times baseline mortality (5.8 deaths per 1,000 per year). The probability that mortality during the second surge was at least thrice the level of baseline mortality is 0.88. This large surge in mortality warrants an urgent public discussion on state priorities in Bihar. It also suggests the viability of and need for continuous large-scale mortality surveys.

scholarly journals Optimization of Placement and Size of Distribution Generators Using Quantum Genetic Algorithms to Improve Power Quality in Bali Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yanu Prapto Sudarmojo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Distributed Generator

World energy requirement increased significantly, the main energy source from an oil is very limited. This problem drive an enhancement develop which support small scale generator to be connected near distributed network or near load center. Distributed Generator (DG) is a power plant which have a little capacity range between 15 kW to 10 MW. Basically, DG instalation is one way to fix a voltage profile where an installed DG would inject voltage to a transmission system or electric power distribution. Bali is a tourism area which it’s electric power source got a supply from Java and some large scale plant which use fuel of oil and gas, which until now still needed more of electric energy. An addition small scale generator for Bali is very helpful where economic profit is distribution cost and transmission cost’s reduction, electric cost and saving fuel energy. Technically a distributor of DG must be done correctly and optimal from it’s size or location so that give a maximum result from economic side, minimalizing electricity loss and increase voltage profile which result an electric power quality is improved. For that, in this research will use heuristic optimation with use Quantum Genetic Alghorithm method to placing distributed generator to Bali Electricity Network. To counting electicity loss and voltage profile, a method which used to solve it is Newton Raphson method. The result of this research, DG is installed to feeder which plaed in Abang Sub-District, Karangasem District where Abang Feeder had a total 43a bus which is a part from Bali Distribution System. With using QGA, DG is installed to bus 1, 5, 7, and 302 with each DG capacity is 0,374 MW, 1,894 MW, 1,988 MW and 0,500 MW, after installment of DG, voltage profile can be fixed. Voltage profile for some bus to Abang Feeder could be fixed from 0,83 pu to 0,98 pu. Electricity loss from 1,105 MW become 0,234 MW.

scholarly journals A Novel Methodology for the Scalability Analysis of ICT Systems for Smart Grids Based on SGAM: The InteGrid Project Approach

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3818
Author(s):  
Sergio Potenciano Menci ◽  
Julien Le Baut ◽  
Javier Matanza Domingo ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
Rafael Cossent Arín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Scalability Analysis ◽  
System Operator

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures are at the heart of emerging Smart Grid scenarios with high penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER). The scalability of such ICT infrastructures is a key factor for the large scale deployment of the aforementioned Smart Grid solutions, which could not be ensured by small-scale pilot demonstrations. This paper presents a novel methodology that has been developed in the scope of the H2020 project InteGrid, which enables the scalability analysis of ICT infrastructures for Smart Grids. It is based on the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) framework, which enables a standardized and replicable approach. This approach consists of two consecutive steps: a qualitative analysis that aims at identifying potential bottlenecks in an ICT infrastructure; and a quantitative analysis of the identified critical links under stress conditions by means of simulations with the aim of evaluating their operational limits. In this work the proposed methodology is applied to a cluster of solutions demonstrated in the InteGrid Slovenian pilot. This pilot consists of a Large Customer Commercial Virtual Power Plant (VPP) that provides flexibility in medium voltage for tertiary reserve and a Traffic Light System (TLS) to validate such flexibility offers. This approach creates an indirect Transmission System Operator (TSO)—Distribution System Operator (DSO) coordination scheme.

Two Decades of Geographical Targeting in Food Distribution: Drawing Lessons from an Indian State

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-383
Author(s):  
Rajshree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Government

Reports emerging from recent studies on public distribution system (PDS) in India show significant improvements in consumption of food grains distributed through the PDS. Odisha is categorized as one of the states which has seen some sort of a revival of PDS (Khera, 2011). This article takes a long-term view of PDS in the State of Odisha, and argues that geographical targeting in Odisha had created a complex system of targeting, leading to large-scale errors of exclusion and information distortions at the ground level. The state subsidy provided by the Government of Odisha had in the past contributed to increased consumption of PDS rice immediately after introduction of targeting. However, in August 2008, the Government of Odisha wound up geographical targeting and started following a uniform price policy which seems to have contributed to a better performing PDS in the state. However, evidences show that in districts where universal PDS is in place, there are still large numbers of families outside the fold of PDS.

scholarly journals Malnutrition and poverty in India: does the use of public distribution system matter?

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Kumar Panda ◽  
Sanjay K. Mohanty ◽  
Itishree Nayak ◽  
Vishal Dev Shastri ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Demographic Covariates

Abstract Background Large scale public investment in Public Distribution System (PDS) have aimed to reduce poverty and malnutrition in India. The PDS is the largest ever welfare programme which provides subsidised food grain to the poor households. This study attempt to examine the extent of stunting and underweight among the children from poor and non-poor households by use of public distribution system (PDS) in India. Methods Data from the National Family and Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), was used for the analysis. A composite variable based on asset deprivation and possession of welfare card provided under PDS (BPL card), was computed for all households and categorised into four mutually exclusive groups, namely real poor, excluded poor, privileged non-poor and non-poor. Real poor are those economically poor and have a welfare card, excluded poor are those economically poor and do not have welfare card, privileged poor are those economically non-poor but have welfare card, and non-poor are those who are not economically poor and do not have welfare card. Estimates of stunting and underweight were provided by these four categories. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for the analysis. Results About half of the children from each real poor and excluded poor, two-fifths among privileged non-poor and less than one-third among non-poor households were stunted in India. Controlling for socio-economic and demographic covariates, the adjusted odds ratio of being stunted among real poor was 1.42 [95% CI: 1.38, 1.46], 1.43 [95% CI: 1.39, 1.47], among excluded poor and 1.15 [95% CI: 1.12, 1.18], among privileged non-poor. The pattern was similar for underweight and held true in most of the states of India. Conclusions Undernutrition among children from poor households those excluded from PDS is highest, and it warrants inclusion in PDS. Improving the quality of food grains and widening food basket in PDS is recommended for reduction in level of malnutrition in India.

scholarly journals Smart Water Distribution System using Machine Learning and IoT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1189-1194
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Management System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Management System

Water Management includes four major processes, namely, estimating the amount of water readily available to be distributed, the measurement of the quality of water, distribution of water to different sectors of the city based on the quality and finally to provide a platform to monitor this distribution from anywhere and by anyone. All these processes, are currently treated as separate modules, but the integration of these four models, enhances water conservation and creates a social awareness since the proposed cloud platform can be accessed by everyone, and they are made aware, in advance, about the quality and amount of water they are going to get for the week, so that they can use the water wisely. In this paper we discuss our new and improved proposed model which not only integrates the existing four modules but also optimizes the distribution path based on algorithms for the fastest coverage. This is turn provides a short and concise solution to water management which is more user friendly and can reach more people, hence spreading more awareness. The lack of coordination between the current quality measurement and distribution system calls for an integrated system. This system predicts the rainfall to prepare the system for the amount of softener required to soften the water which acquires calcium and magnesium as it makes its way into other natural rivers. This water management system can be setup both on a small scale and a large scale. The smaller water management system setup in villages can be interconnected to make a larger water management system that can be centrally controlled from cities which helps in ensuring water distribution even in the smallest towns and villages.

scholarly journals Baselining Flexibility from PV on the DSO-Aggregator Interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2191
Author(s):  
Rik Fonteijn ◽  
Phuong H. Nguyen ◽  
Johan Morren ◽  
J. G. (Han) Slootweg
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Power Profile ◽  
Photo Voltaic

Flexibility can be used to mitigate distribution network overloading. Distribution system operators (DSOs) can obtain this flexibility from market parties connected to the distribution network. After flexibility has been delivered to the DSO, it needs to be settled. This is typically done by comparing load measurements with a baseline. This baseline describes an asset’s power profile in case no flexibility would have been delivered. Until recently, baselining research mainly focused on large-scale, predictable and controllable assets. The flexibility used by DSOs however typically comes from small-scale, less predictable and less controllable assets. This paper addresses the baselining problem for photo-voltaic systems. Three existing baselining methods are selected based on their simplicity and transparency and their limitations with respect to application towards photo-voltaic systems are evaluated. Based on this, a proof-of-concept for a new, fourth method is provided. It overcomes some of the limitations of the three existing ones, while still ensuring simplicity and transparency in order to promote market acceptance and practical applicability. All four methods are subjected to two different curtailment strategies: curtailing all peaks above a threshold and curtailing based on a day-ahead flexibility request. Using weather data from three summer weeks in 2019, it is shown that the newly developed method is able to provide a more accurate baseline than the existing methods.

Small-Scale Science to Large-Scale Profession

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale

Development of Physics Learning Module Based on Guided Inquiry with Light Wave Material in Class XI of Senior High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evi Rahmawati ◽  
Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti ◽  
N Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teacher Response ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Scientific Skills

IPA Integrated is a place for students to study themselves and the surrounding environment applied in daily life. Integrated IPA Learning provides a direct experience to students through the use and development of scientific skills and attitudes. The importance of integrated IPA requires to pack learning well, integrated IPA integration with the preparation of modules combined with learning strategy can maximize the learning process in school. In SMP 209 Jakarta, the value of the integrated IPA is obtained from 34 students there are 10 students completed and 24 students are not complete because they get the value below the KKM of 68. This research is a development study with the development model of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The use of KPS-based integrated IPA modules (Science Process sSkills) on the theme of rainbow phenomenon obtained by media expert validation results with an average score of 84.38%, average material expert 82.18%, average linguist 75.37%. So the average of all aspects obtained by 80.55% is worth using and tested to students. The results of the teacher response obtained 88.69% value with excellent criteria. Student responses on a small scale acquired an average score of 85.19% with highly agreed criteria and on the large-scale student response gained a yield of 86.44% with very agreed criteria. So the module can be concluded receiving a good response by the teacher and students.

Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?

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