Association between Parents’ and Children’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes towards Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Escriva-Boulley ◽  
Julie Boiché
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

Purpose: The present study aimed to explore the associations between parents’ physical 4 activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SED) and their explicit and implicit attitudes toward 5 these behaviors and their children’s PA and SED, and attitudes. Children’s age and parents’ 6 gender were taken into account. 7 Method: One hundred and seven dyads composed of one parent (Mage = 42.9 years) and 8 her/his child (Mage = 11.6 years) completed questionnaires assessing behaviors and explicit 9 attitudes toward PA and SED. Implicit attitudes were evaluated with an implicit association 10 test. 11 Results: Parents’ PA was positively correlated with their children’s PA, especially in children 12 (≤12 years). No significant association was noted for SED. The results showed a positive 13 correlation between mothers’ explicit attitudes and fathers’ implicit attitudes and, 14 respectively, their children’s explicit (regardless to their age) and implicit attitudes (> 12 15 years). 16 Conclusion(s): This study is the first to investigate the association between parents’ and their 17 children’ implicit and explicit attitudes toward PA and SED. The results indicate that focusing 18 on the increase of PA and the development of positive attitudes toward PA in both children 19 and parents could be an interesting mean to promote PA in interventions aiming to improve 20 families’ health.

scholarly journals Investigating the implicit and explicit attitudes of primary school educators in Scotland towards autistic children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilidh Cage ◽  
Taylor Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Autism Knowledge ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Cognitive Attitudes

Background: Autistic children are frequently taught in mainstream schools, and it is imperative educators have appropriate knowledge and attitudes towards autism. In Scotland, policy aims for inclusion. However, there are few studies investigating Scottish educator’s knowledge and attitudes towards autism, even though these could be a barrier to inclusion.Aims: This study investigated Scottish educator’s implicit and explicit attitudes towards autistic children. We also aimed to understand the relationships between attitudes, knowledge and experience.Sample: Seventy primary school educators working in Scotland took part, with a mean age of 43. Most were female (n=64) and had on average 12 years’ experience working in schools. Methods: Participants completed a Single-Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), to assess implicit attitudes towards autism. They also completed two explicit attitude measures (openness to autism and cognitive attitudes), and measures of autism knowledge and level of contact.Results: Overall, participants held positive attitudes in explicit and implicit measures. Some participants (24%) expressed negative implicit attitudes. There were correlations between explicit attitudes, age and years of experience, with older, more experienced staff having more negative attitudes. In regression analyses, greater autism knowledge predicted more positive explicit cognitive attitudes towards autistic children.Conclusions: These findings indicate mostly positive attitudes in this sample. Younger educators with less experience may have more positive attitudes, perhaps reflecting societal changes in perceptions of autism. Greater knowledge predicted positive attitudes, suggesting that targeting knowledge may improve attitudes. Scotland’s policies may have the potential to support the effective inclusion of autistic pupils in schools.

scholarly journals Examining Implicit Attitudes towards Exercisers with a Physical Disability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Dionne ◽  
Heather L. Gainforth ◽  
Deborah A. O’Malley ◽  
Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities ◽  
Disability Attitudes

Background.Using measures of explicit attitudes, physical activity status has been established as a factor that reduces the stigma able-bodied people hold towards people with physical disabilities. This phenomenon is called the exerciser stereotype. However, whether the exerciser stereotype exists when using measures of implicit attitudes remains unknown.Objective.The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of negative implicit attitudes towards people with physical disabilities and determine whether implicit attitudes towards people with physical disabilities were influenced by the exerciser stereotype.Methods.One hundred able-bodied participants (82 females, 18 males) completed two implicit association tests (IATs): the Disability-Attitudes IAT and the Disability-Activity IAT. The Disability-Attitudes IAT measured implicit attitudes towards people who were not disabled relative to disabled; the Disability-Activity IAT measured attitudes towards people with a physical disability who were active relative to inactive.Results.Results revealed that 83.8% of participants had negative implicit attitudes towards people with a disability. Participants held more positive attitudes towards active versus inactive people with a physical disability.Conclusions.The study findings indicate that the exerciser stereotype exists implicitly and may undermine negative attitudes towards people with physical disabilities.

scholarly journals Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration website

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji ◽  
Anthony G. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Demonstration Site ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

Respondents at an Internet website completed over 600,000 Implicit Association Tests (IATs) between October 1998 and April 2000 to measure attitudes toward and stereotypes of social groups (www.yale.edu/implicit). Their responses demonstrated, on average, implicit preference for white over black and young over old, and stereotypic associations linking male with science and career, and female with liberal arts and family. The main purpose was to provide a demonstration site at which respondents could experience their implicit attitudes and stereotypes toward social groups. Nevertheless, the data collected are rich in information regarding the operation of attitudes and stereotypes, most notably the strength of implicit attitudes, the association and dissociation between implicit and explicit attitudes, and the effects of group membership on attitudes and stereotypes.

Sport Fans: Evaluating the Consistency between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Favorite and Rival Teams

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay L. Wenger ◽  
Roderick O. Brown
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Measures

Sport fans often foster very positive attitudes for their favorite teams and less favorable attitudes for opponents. The current research was designed to evaluate the consistency that might exist between implicit and explicit measures of those attitudes. College students (24 women, 16 men) performed a version of the Implicit Association Test related to their favorite and rival teams. Participants also reported their attitudes for these teams explicitly, via self-report instruments. When responding to the IAT, participants' responses were faster when they paired positive words with concepts related to favorite teams and negative words with rival teams, indicating implicit favorability for favorite teams and implicit negativity for rival teams. This pattern of implicit favorability and negativity was consistent with what participants reported explicitly via self-report. The importance of evaluating implicit attitudes and the corresponding consistency with explicit attitudes are discussed.

Implicit and Explicit Affective Evaluations of Athlete Brands: The Associative Evaluation–Emotional Appraisal–Intention Model of Athlete Endorsements

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghwan Chang ◽  
Yong Jae Ko ◽  
Brad D. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Perceived Fit ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Affective Attitudes ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
Athlete Endorsements ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

The researchers explore consumers’ emotional responses toward athlete brands by developing the associative evaluation–emotional appraisal–intention (AEI) model. The AEI postulates that unconscious (implicit attitudes) and conscious (explicit affective attitudes) levels of emotional responses systematically flow following assessments of perceived fit in athlete endorsements. Implicit attitudes were measured through the implicit association test, whereas pleasure, arousal, and pride captured explicit affective attitudes. Contrary to dominant beliefs about successful athlete endorsements, findings from a lab experiment indicate that low perceived fit affected implicit attitudes, which in turn affected arousal for consumers with high involvement. Pleasure, arousal, and pride were interrelated and systematically determined behavioral intentions of viewership and online friendship with athletes. Studies investigating athlete brands and endorsement success should consider the influence of both implicit and explicit attitudes on fan behavior. Managers should strategically utilize both low and high fit endorsements to facilitate emotional experiences and optimize desired consumption behavior.

scholarly journals Moderators of the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Private Context ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Preferences that are products of introspection and endorsed by the respondent (explicit attitudes) can conflict with preferences that are measured indirectly and do not require conscious introspection or endorsement (implicit attitudes). In three studies, two factors are examined that may predict when implicit and explicit attitudes will be associated or dissociated: self-presentation and attitude elaboration. In the first study, evidence that increasing self-presentation demands negatively affected implicit-explicit correspondence was observed through a manipulation of a public and a private context in which the attitude was reported. In the second study, elaborating an attitude for 20 minutes increased implicit-explicit correspondence compared to a control attitude. The third study reports a synthesis of web-based and laboratory tasks that varied in self-presentation and elaboration. Perceived self-presentation and elaboration produced stable differences in implicit-explicit correspondence such that attitude objects with low self-presentation concerns and high elaboration showed the strongest correspondence. These data suggest that existing models cannot sufficiently account for the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes, and that the relationship between automatic and consciously mediated preferences is both reliable and predictable.

scholarly journals Preservice Teachers’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Teaching and Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Zaruba ◽  
Andrea Westphal ◽  
Franziska Gutmann ◽  
Miriam Vock
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Student Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Teaching And Learning Research ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Measures

When it comes to teacher attitudes towards teaching and learning, research relies heavily on explicit measures (e.g., questionnaires). These attitudes are generally conceptualized as constructivist and transmissive views on teaching and learning with constructivism often considered to be more desirable. In explicit measures, this can have drawbacks like socially desirable responding. It is for this reason that, in this study, we investigated implicit attitudes as well as explicit attitudes towards constructivism and transmission. N = 100 preservice teachers worked on a questionnaire and two Single-Target Implicit Association Tests (ST-IAT constructivism and ST-IAT transmission) before (T1) and after (T2) a single master’s semester. One group (n = 50) did student teaching while a second group (n = 50) took master’s courses. We evaluated preservice teachers’ views on teaching at the end of their masters’ studies. Participants agreed with transmission and constructivism (T1) on both an explicit and implicit level. Implicit measures seem to exceed explicit measures in differentially assessing constructivist and transmissive views on teaching and learning. After student teaching (T2), there was no overall effect of attitude development but changes in rank indicate that participants’ implicit attitudes towards constructivism and transmission developed differently for each individual.

scholarly journals Why Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for Liquid Foods in Environmentally Friendly Packaging? A Dual Attitudes Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Popovic ◽  
Bart A. G. Bossink ◽  
Peter C. van der Sijde ◽  
Christine Y. M. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Liquid Food ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

Considering that one of the key components of liquid food in environmentally friendly packaging is its higher price, it may not be appealing to all consumers. However, a growing body of evidence has shown that the sale of liquid food in environmentally friendly packaging is increasing. The purpose of this study was to analyze why consumers are willing to pay more for liquid food in environmentally friendly packaging. Drawing on the theory of dual attitudes by Wilson, Lindsey, and Schooler, this study proposes that consumer purchasing behavior can be explained through implicit and explicit attitudes. Moreover, a consumer’s ecoliteracy and ecofriendly lifestyle might be important predictors of consumer attitudes toward environmentally friendly packaging. Our conceptual model was tested on survey data from 11 countries, with a total of 7028 respondents. The study revealed that consumers’ willingness to pay a higher price for liquid food in environmentally friendly packaging could be predicted by their positive attitudes toward (a) the environmental friendliness of the packaging, (b) the brand of the liquid food, and (c) the affordability of the liquid food in the environmentally friendly packaging. Ecoliteracy and having an ecofriendly lifestyle were found to be important predictors of consumer attitudes toward environmentally friendly packaging. This study contributes to the literature that aims to explain consumers’ willingness to pay more for food in environmentally friendly packaging. It identifies how much more consumers are willing to pay for food in environmentally friendly packaging and why.

Implicit and explicit attitudes of Chinese youth toward the second-generation rich

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyan Hu ◽  
Najam ul Hasan Abbasi ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Yao Zhou ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Feeling Thermometer ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the implicit attitudes of Chinese youth towards the second-generation rich, and the relationship of these with their explicit attitudes. Participants were 119 undergraduate students (58 men and 61 women). Using the Semantic Differential Measure and the Feeling Thermometer Scale, we examined the participants' explicit attitudes, and we used the Implicit Association Test to assess their implicit attitudes toward the second-generation rich. Results showed that the participants did not show a negative implicit attitude towards the secondgeneration rich. However, the participants exhibited a negative explicit attitude toward the second-generation rich. These results are consistent with previous research. This suggests that the second-generation rich can take advantage of these findings and project a more positive image of themselves to other people in China.

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