scholarly journals Intrasite spatial organization at Chavín de Huantar during the andean formative: three dimensional modeling, stratigraphy and ceramics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mesia-Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Phase ◽  
The North ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Late Formative ◽  
Chavín De Huántar

The ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar is located in the north central Peruvian highlands at 3,200 m.a.s.l. I have investigated the Wacheqsa sector, located immediately to the north of the monumental core with the objective of understanding the archaeological deposits that formed this area, and to analyze their chronological and spatial relationships.This research presents a new methodology for the investigation of intrasite space organization of stratigraphic components. I demonstrate that careful sampling programs can be extremely advantageous in investigating intrasite variation, in particular when all stratigraphic records are modeled using computer aided design (CAD). I identify five prehistoric spatial analytical units in the Wacheqsa Sector: Early Platforms, Water Flood, Late Platforms, Stone Rooms and Midden. I use bivariate kernel density estimations in order to investigate ceramic modalities and comprehend the nature of the activities developed in each unit, cross- referencing this line of evidence with the distribution of archaeological materials. I also use the Boone index as a measure of diversity in order to quantitatively segregate the analytical units identified.The Wacheqsa Sector was occupied from 1200 BC to 500 BC, during the Middle and Late Formative Periods. I have divided the prehistoric occupation into two phases. The oldest one (Urabarriu 1200-800 BC) encompasses the Early Platforms and Water Flood analytical units. The Early Platforms unit represents the oldest domestic settlement located in this sector. The Water Flood analytical unit provides evidence regarding canalization of the Wacheqsa River during this phase. The latest occupation phase (Janabarriu 800-500 BC), encompasses the Late Platforms, Stone Rooms and Midden analytical units. The Stone Room analytical unit represents a late settlement in the Wacheqsa Sector, the Midden provides evidence for suprahousehold food and beverage consumption and the Late Platforms unit seems to be a buffer area between these two units.In addition, the dating of these units shows that Chavín was contemporary with ceremonial centers of the Andean area during the Middle and Late Formative. It also demonstrates that the Janabarriu ceramic phase is 400 years earlier than previously suggested, being contemporary with the largest architectural phase at monumental core.

Atalla: A Center on the Periphery of the Chavín Horizon

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Burger ◽  
Ramiro Matos Mendieta
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
The North ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Chavín De Huántar

The emergence of public architecture in Peru's central highlands occurred during the mid-first millennium B. C. and is correlated with the expansion of the Chavín sphere of interaction. Atalla, a high-altitude site in Huancavelica, represents one of the first known centers with large-scale masonry constructions. Analysis of the ceramic assemblage reveals many similarities between the local ceramics and the Janabarriu phase pottery from Chavín de Huántar, located 450 km to the north. The inhabitants of Atalla emulated the ceramic style and cut-stone masonry of the much larger northern civic-ceremonial centers, like Chavín de Huántar, while maintaining local traits such as circular dwellings and burials in or adjacent to domestic architecture. Utilizing a core-periphery perspective, the unprecedented formation in the central highlands of a community like Atalla is hypothesized to be an independent response to demands for exotic goods from the more complex societies to the north. The largest mercury deposits in Latin America are located 15 km to the west of Atalla, and the center would have been in an excellent position to procure cinnabar and distribute this bright red vermilion pigment. Production of the pigment itself would have occurred at small villages like Chuncuimarca located in the zone of the mercury deposits.

scholarly journals STATIS-CoA: A methodological solution to assess the spatio-temporal organization of species assemblages. Application to the demersal assemblages of the French Mediterranean Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (S2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Claude Gaertner ◽  
Jacques A. Bertrand ◽  
Arnauld Souplet
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Gulf Of Lions ◽  
The North ◽  
Organizational Patterns ◽  
Upper Slope

The organizational patterns of demersal assemblages (fish, crustaceans and cephalopods) in the Gulf of Lions were investigated on the basis of a set of six bottom trawl surveys performed between 1994 and 1999 (MEDITS programme). The use of a recent multitable method (STATIS-CoA) provided a detailed representation of the stable and variable parts of the spatial organization of demersal assemblages during the studied period. We showed that demersal assemblages of the Gulf of Lions were organized along a coast-open sea gradient. At the scale of the Gulf, we showed that this gradient can be split into three areas: 1) the coastal region and the continental shelf (10 to 200 m depth), 2) the upper slope (200 to 500 m) and 3) the deeper slope (500 to 800 m). Associated to this bathymetric structuring we found a species-richness gradient which decreases from the coast to the upper slope. Our analysis showed that this spatial organization pattern was highly persistent during the course of the study. However, some species caught in the slope area exhibited a strong variability of their spatial distribution mainly during the 1999 survey. From a methodological point of view, STATIS-CoA offers a rigorous theoretical framework for the simultaneous analysis of a three-dimensional set of data. Applied in the field of fisheries ecology, this method (1) constitutes a relevant way to analyse the spatial organization of species assemblages and its pattern of changes, and (2) could be of particular interest to treat the MEDITS data both at a local and at the North Mediterranean Sea scales.

Stone Sculpture in the Callejón de Huaylas

1948 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Richard Schaedel
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Chavín De Huántar ◽  
Stone Sculpture

One of the most archaeologically significant characteristics of highland Andean cultures is the stone-sculpturing tradition. Most of the reports that have been published to date deal with the more spectacular sites of Tiahuanaco in the south highlands and Chavín de Huántar in the north highlands, but little has appeared to indicate the widespread existence of stone sculpture throughout the Peruvian highlands and the centers where the tradition is particularly strong. It is the purpose of this paper to summarize the stone sculpture in the Callejón de Huaylas area and to indicate its relationship to the accepted archaeological horizons in the north highlands.

Landscape Setting as Medium of Communication at Chavín de Huántar, Peru

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Multiple Audiences ◽  
Late Formative ◽  
Chavín De Huántar

The Central Andean ceremonial centre of Chavín de Huántar is situated in a dramatic, mountainous and dynamic environment high on the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes, yet the site's landscape setting has remained in the shadow of its monumental architecture, complex lithic art and highly elaborated material culture. Nevertheless, that dynamic landscape setting was an integral part of the site's significance as a ceremonial centre and may be read as evidence of the capacity, worldview and message of the site's builders. First, Chavín's setting is evidence of capacity, demonstrating the considerable degree of labour mobilization and organization, as well as expertise, implied by the site's modified landscape. Second, Chavín's landscape, considered in its Central Andean context, provides evidence of worldview, demonstrating that landscape setting was a medium of interest for Chavín's designers. Third, the modified landscape provides evidence of message, allowing exploration of what Chavín's designers were trying to communicate, and to whom. Focusing on these three aspects in reading Chavín's landscape suggests that landscape setting was a vital aspect of Central Andean Middle and Late Formative Period (1000–500 bce) ceremonial centres and argues that emergent elites actively exploited landscape setting as a communicative medium and forum for dissemination of ideology, deliberately communicating to multiple audiences.

Fabrication of 3D Temperature Sensor Using Magnetostrictive Inkjet Printhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 50405-1-50405-5
Author(s):  
Young-Woo Park ◽  
Myounggyu Noh
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Nanoparticle Ink ◽  
Inkjet Printhead

Abstract Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has attracted much attention for creating objects of arbitrary shape and manufacturing. For the first time, in this work, we present the fabrication of an inkjet printed low-cost 3D temperature sensor on a 3D-shaped thermoplastic substrate suitable for packaging, flexible electronics, and other printed applications. The design, fabrication, and testing of a 3D printed temperature sensor are presented. The sensor pattern is designed using a computer-aided design program and fabricated by drop-on-demand inkjet printing using a magnetostrictive inkjet printhead at room temperature. The sensor pattern is printed using commercially available conductive silver nanoparticle ink. A moving speed of 90 mm/min is chosen to print the sensor pattern. The inkjet printed temperature sensor is demonstrated, and it is characterized by good electrical properties, exhibiting good sensitivity and linearity. The results indicate that 3D inkjet printing technology may have great potential for applications in sensor fabrication.

MODEL OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT FOOD MARKETS SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
А. Kh. Dikinov ◽  
А. А. Eshugaova ◽  
М. М. Abdurakhmanova ◽  
М. А. Sadueva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Market

The most progressive and promising model of spatial organization of food markets of the North Caucasus Russian Theatre is a cluster model. In the proposed methodology of the process approach to develop a structural model of agro-food cluster in the NORTH is cluster analysis. The regional food market as a single system, which combines production, marketing and consumption of foods with a specific hierarchy, is characterized by different relationships and proportions between its components and is an important an indicator of a country's economic development, achieving food security. Disclosure of potential in a market system, its effective use, taking into account regional particularities and specificities of the economy, improvement of the spatial organization and improving the efficiency of such a complex system as the regional food market is impossible without knowledge of its essence, principles of formation and operation. In this connection there was a need to develop modern methods of research, evaluation, analysis, improvement of structure and functional organisation of the regional food markets as an important factor for the socio-economic development the country. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the clustering of agribusiness implemented taking into account the peculiarities of regional AIC on the basis of strategic management zones: industrial, conventional and organic. To determine the effectiveness of the cluster algorithm of its evaluation, which is based on the criteria of usefulness and survival in the conditions of the cluster in the region, which are defined using evaluation scales and weights the main factors utility and survival in the cluster.

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