City as a Text: Narratives, Toponymy and Language Competences of the Modern Jerusalem

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Lusine Gushchyan ◽  
◽  
Valentina Fedchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old City ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
The City

This paper analyses the processes when the ancient multilingual and multicultural city becomes a modern capital of the national state on the example of the cultural‑historical phenomenon of Jerusalem during the decline of a centuries‑old era. Now, due to political and cultural circumstances, the image of the city shifts into a different, tourist business sphere, which, in the current era of postmodernism, accumulates symbolic paradigms. Until recently, Jerusalem remained the last Middle Mediterranean municipal commune in the antique‑medieval sense of the word by virtue of its sacral and supranational status. Over the period from the second half of the 20th century and until 2017, there can be distinguished a process of subordination to the national state, as the owner of the territories and rights in the old city, which is demonstrated by changes in the languages used and in the subjects of the narratives displayed. Being a fragment of empires included in the Balkan‑Levantine area, Jerusalem, in the second half of the 20th century, forms a new local text, gradually losing the topics, inherited from the past.

scholarly journals Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Janusz Zuziak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
The Past ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.

scholarly journals The Legacy of soviet Urbanism as a Factor Determining the Modern Digitalisation of the Urban Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
A. A. Troshin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fundamental Science ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
The City

In this article, the author concludes that recent projects of digitalisation of the urban environment have initially been projects of the fundamental science of modernity, i. e. predominantly 1970s. In modern urban practise in Russia, their implementation is mainly superimposed on the structure of the city, formed at the same time, but already perceived as the past. Bridging this gap is in understanding what exactly the architectural modernism of the late Soviet period left us. As the initial stage of this, necessary for the classification of artefacts, the author proposes a reasoned periodisation of Soviet urbanism in the second half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Remaking the City: Archaeological Projects of Political Import in Jerusalem's Old City and in the Village of Silwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Veeder ◽  
Yonathan Mizrachi
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old City ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Since the mid-90s, archaeology has been a powerful tool for changing landscape and narrative in the Old City of Jerusalem and the village of Silwan – the "Historic Basin of Jerusalem". As archaeological excavations relate directly to the appropriation of land and the interpretation of the past, they are intimately tied to the Israeli-Palestinian political conflict in Jerusalem.Archaeological excavations are tied to the political conflict in Jerusalem from two distinct aspects: one is the appropriation of land to be excavated, which can be interpreted as a means of control over a certain place or area. The second is the focus on the past, which can be seen as an instrument for appropriating the past to one particular group and its narrative.Located at the northern entrance to the Palestinian village of Silwan and just a few dozen meters from the Old City Walls and the Noble Sanctuary/Temple Mount, the Givati Parking Lot archaeological site is the future location of a tourist center known as the "Kedem Center”. The complex is expected to be joined with the "City of David" archaeological park and the Western Wall plaza via existing underground spaces and tunnels that will be dug out between them. If the current plans are carried out, the building will have a significant impact on the landscape between the Old City and Silwan, and on the way in which this area is perceived.In the area of the Old City and the village of Silwan are a number of ancient underground complexes that have been studied during the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. In recent years, new excavations have exposed these complexes and opened them for the public. The underground trails allow visitors to avoid the need to confront the present (mainly Palestinian Muslim) reality of Jerusalem. Instead, they create a visiting experience in a parallel, imagined, Jerusalem: the city of the Kingdom of Judah and the Second Temple period. In the Israeli narrative these are the most meaningful periods for the formation of Israeli identity and the connection of the Jewish people to the land.   

scholarly journals Kędzierzyn-Koźle – dziedzictwo przeszłości w kulturze miasta przemysłowego na pograniczu etniczno-kulturowym

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Edward Nycz
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Functioning ◽  
The City

Kędzierzyn-Koźle – The Heritage of the Past in the Culture of the Industrial City Functioning in the Ethnic and Cultural Frontier The article draws attention to the issues of symbolic functioning of the city which was formed of two different entities as a result of political and economic decisions. In the 20th century, the history of a traditional city got entwined with a modernistic industrial city which was taking shape. As a result, ideologies and politics impacted on the newly-established conurbation. The city denotes not only the material sphere, but also its urban community, which, in the case of the places under study, was basically historically complicated. The method of description is the ‘culturalistic’ orientation in the study of the city and also the (emotional) sociology of Silesia of the Rev. Emil Szramek. The author’s reflections touch upon ideas, facts as well as the real city’s organism shaped in its longterm and short-term perspective.

ELEMEN-ELEMEN PEMBENTUK SISTEM KOTA-LAMA KUPANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Christophori Lake ◽  
Yuliana Bhara Mberu ◽  
Avitu Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
City Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old City ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
The City

Abstract: This research focuses on the old city-area of Kupang as a historical area formed based on the typology and morphology of the city of Kupang in the past. In the study of the existence of the city-old Kupang is associated with aspects of the function and development of the city. The problems studied are what physical elements exist in the old city area that needs to be emphasized in order to be able to support the activities and functions of the old city-area of Kupang and its preservation. The purpose of revealing the physical elements of the old city of Kupang is to become a concept or direction for the design of the morphology of the city of Kupang on an ongoing basis. The results of the study indicate that changes in the Kupang city-old region are influenced by the elements forming the urban area that are in line with the socio-cultural and economic development of the community in the region.Keywords: physical elements, morphology, heritage, city of KupangAbstrak: Penelitian ini berfokus pada kawasan kota-lama Kupang sebagai kawasan bersejarah yang terbentuk berdasarkan tipologi dan morfologi kota Kupang tempo dulu. Dalam kajian keberadaan kota-lama Kupang dikaitkan dengan aspek fungsi dan perkembangan kota. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah apa saja elemen fisik yang terdapat pada kawasan kota-lama yang perlu dipertegas agar mampu mendukung kegiatan dan fungsi kawasan kota-lama Kupang dan pelestariannya. Tujuan dari mengungkapkan elemen fisik dari kota-lama Kupang dijadikan sebuah konsep atau arahan desain morfologi kota Kupang secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan pada kawasan kota-lama Kupang dipengaruhi oleh elemen-elemen pembentuk kawasan kota yang sejalan dengan perkembangan sosial budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat dalam kawasan.Kata Kunci: elemen fisik, morfologi, kota-lama, kota Kupang

Jerusalem: Archaeologists Versus Residents?

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Katharina Galor
Keyword(s):  
Small Minority ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Visual Attribute ◽  
Old City ◽  
Theodor Herzl ◽  
Palestinian Population ◽  
The City ◽  
Nearly Continuous

Very few cities are defined as much by their antiquities as Jerusalem: religiously, culturally, politically, and economically. Erasing the Old City, or at least part of it, as suggested variously by Theodor Herzl and David Ben-Gurion, would have been an act difficult to reverse. The ruins of the past are now recognized and protected as the city's most distinct physical and visual attribute, in which past and present landscapes mingle to project the deceitful image of harmony. That said, this paper is not concerned with the usual questions of how certain monuments or artifacts inform us about past accomplishments or lost cultures. It in fact distances itself from the material and visual dimensions of Jerusalem's antiquities and addresses instead the human aspects exclusively, questioning the interaction between those who explore Jerusalem's antiquities and those who dwell amongst the surviving remnants. This polarized encounter between archaeologists and residents has defined most of Silwan's 150 years of excavation, reaching new heights of tension with the escalating geopolitical conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. As a case study, explorations in the City of David (figure 1), demonstrate how professional interests increasingly compromise and indeed violate the needs and rights of those who are most closely tied to, and indeed dependent on, the locus of exploration (Galor 2017, 126–131). Silwanis, both the small minority of Jewish settlers and the predominantly Palestinian population, have been persuaded and largely misguided as to the area's biblical heritage. In contrast, the 1300-years of nearly continuous Islamic presence, is perceived by neither as a legacy, which can be archaeologically explored and publicly validated.

scholarly journals Identidad e inclusión. Los conjuntos habitacionales realizados por el arquitecto chileno Luciano Kulczewski (1922-1956)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (60) ◽  
pp. 94-111
Author(s):  
Ronald Harris-Diez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City ◽  
Distinctive Role ◽  
The Web

Luciano Kulczewski was a professional who played a key and distinctive role in the first half of the 20th century, a period considered as crucial for the development of Chilean architecture, since it is the moment that brought the advent of modernity to the country. One of the most eloquent illustrations in this regard is the corpus, that collects more than a dozen housing complexes aimed for the middle and the working classes. Today, we recognize in these solutions not just the fact that they are in sync with the web of social, political, cultural, and economic processes that characterized the beginnings of the past century in Chile, but that they also have, among their most notable merits, having been conceived in terms of what we would understand today by “inclusion”. This article seeks to investigate these parameters, which range from urban proposals - that approached the city in "inclusive" terms - inasmuch as they did not push for these housing proposals to be in the metropolitan peripheries - to more particular issues, such as the stylistic management of homes as a tool to serve identity causes, in order to achieve the integration of the user with their environment.

Cosmetic Allergen in the Past and Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
World War ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Cosmetic Dermatitis ◽  
Facial Dermatitis ◽  
International Research Project

For almost 20 years after the end of World War II, many Japanese women were challenged by a dark secondary hyper pigmentation on their faces. The causation of this condition was unknown and incurable at the time. However this symptom became curable after a number of new cosmetic allergens were discovered through patch tests and as an aftermath, various cosmetics and soaps that eliminated all these allergens were put into production to be used exclusively for these patients. An international research project conducted by seven countries was set out to find out the new allergens and discover non-allergic cosmetic materials. Due to these efforts, two disastrous cosmetic primary sensitizers were banned and this helped to decrease allergic cosmetic dermatitis. Towards the end of the 20th century, the rate of positives among cosmetic sensitizers decreased to levels of 5% - 8% and have since maintained its rates into the 21th century. Currently, metal ions such as the likes of nickel have been identified as being the most common allergens found in cosmetics and cosmetic instruments. They often produce rosacea-like facial dermatitis and therefore allergen controlled soaps and cosmetics have been proved to be useful in recovering normal skin conditions.

Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

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