scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Five Provenances of Eboni

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Restu ◽  
Mohammad Naiem
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Isozyme Analyses ◽  
Individual Trees

A research was conducted to determine genetic variability and structure of ebony either within provenances or within trees in the same provenance using isozyme analyses. Results of this study are expected to show genetic variability of ebony with different provenances. For the purpose of the study, five provenances of ebony (Maros,Barru, Sidrap, Malili, and Mamuju) were prepared. The isozyme analysis using electrophoresis was applied to determine the genetic variability. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using multivariate and dendrogram analyses with Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS) Program applying unwighted pairgroup method and arrithmetic average (UPGMA) approach. Results showed that the variability of genetic provenances of ebony were less than any other tree species. Among the existing provenances, Barru dan Mamuju showed higher genetic variability compared to other provenances. Ebony provenance was generally found to homozygously increase or to performinbreeding. The genetic variability of ebony was mostly derived from the variability in population (95.4%). Grouping individual trees based on their provenances indicated that Malili provenance showed closed relationship to Maros provenance, whilst Mamuju provenance showed closed relationship to Barru and Sidrap provenances.

scholarly journals Using Discrete-Point LiDAR to Classify Tree Species in the Riparian Pacific Northwest, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Julia Tatum ◽  
David Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Riparian Landscape ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Species Mapping

Practical methods for tree species identification are important for both land management and scientific inquiry. LiDAR has been widely used for species mapping due to its ability to characterize 3D structure, but in structurally complex Pacific Northwest forests, additional research is needed. To address this need and to determine the feasibility of species modeling in such forests, we compared six approaches using five algorithms available in R’s lidR package and Trimble’s eCognition software to determine which approach most consistently identified individual trees across a heterogenous riparian landscape. We then classified segments into Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa), and red alder (Alnus rubra). Classification accuracies based on the best-performing segmentation method were 91%, 92%, and 84%, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate tree species modeling from LiDAR in a natural Pacific Northwest forest, and the first to model Pacific Northwest species at the landscape scale. Our results suggest that LiDAR alone may provide enough information on tree species to be useful to land managers in limited applications, even under structurally challenging conditions. With slight changes to the modeling approach, even higher accuracies may be possible.

scholarly journals Differentiation and genetic variability in natural populations of Anopheles (N.) triannulatus (Neiva& Pinto, 1922) of Brazilian Amazonia

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. M. Santos ◽  
J. F. Maia ◽  
W. P. Tadei
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
F Statistics

Populations of Anopheles triannulatus from Macapá (AP), Aripuanã (MT), Ji-Paraná (RO), and Manaus-Janauari Lake (AM) were studied using 16 enzymatic loci. The results of the isozyme analysis showed that the population of Macapá presented higher polymorphism (56.3%). The lowest variability was observed in the population of Manaus (p = 25.0; Ho = 0.077 ± 0.046). The results of Wright's F statistics showed unbalance due to excess of homozygotes (Fis > Fst), denoting a certain intrapopulational differentiation. Although the populations are genetically very close (D = 0.003 - 0.052), the dendrogram separates the populations in two groups: Macapá separated from that of Manaus, Ji-Paraná, and Aripuanã. This result may suggest a reduction in the genic flow, which possibly had some influence in the substructuration of the populations.

Genetic Variability in Two Tree Species, Acer platanoides L. and Betula pendula Roth, With Contrasting Life-history Traits

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gösta Eriksson ◽  
Sanna Black-samuelsson ◽  
Martin Jensen ◽  
Tor Myking ◽  
Mari Rusanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth

Isozyme Variation in Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanglin Hou ◽  
Tracy M. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Gutierrezia Sarothrae

Broom snakeweed, a perennial rangeland shrub, is highly variable morphologically and can grow under a broad range of environmental conditions. In this study, isozyme analysis using starch gel electrophoresis was used to quantify genetic variability within and among New Mexico populations of broom snakeweed. Eight separate populations of broom snakeweed and one population of threadleaf snakeweed as a comparison were investigated. of the 10 enzyme systems examined, 16 loci were identified in eight populations and two species. Eleven loci were monomorphic in eight populations and two species and five loci were polymorphic in at least one population or species. Genetic variability was large in broom and threadleaf snakeweed populations as determined by isozyme analysis. Genetic variability among broom snakeweed populations was greater than that within populations for the five polymorphic loci. Cluster analysis of genetic distance and identity for the eight populations and two species characterized two major groups. Within broom snakeweed, cluster analysis characterized five groups. The two species shared most common alleles. The genetic variation identified in this research may account for the morphological differences and broad geographical distribution of broom snakeweed.

scholarly journals Impacts of Different Tree Species of Different Sizes on Spatial Distribution of Herbaceous Plants in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah Ecological Zone

Scientifica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toma Buba
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Vitellaria Paradoxa ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Individual Trees

This study was aimed at finding the impacts of different tree species and individual trees of different sizes on species richness, diversity, and composition of the herbaceous layer. All the three tree species have greatly increased species richness and diversity both within and outside their crown zones compared with the open grassland. Both species richness and diversity were found to be higher under all the three tree species than outside their crowns, which was in turn higher than the open field.Daniella oliverihas the highest species richness and diversity both within and outside its crown zone followed byVitellaria paradoxaand thenParkia biglobosa. The result also revealed that the same tree species with different sizes leads to different herbaceous species richness, diversity, and composition under and around the trees’ crowns.P. biglobosaandV. paradoxatrees with smaller sizes showed higher species richness and diversity under their crowns than the bigger ones. The dissimilarity of species composition differs between the inside and outside crown zones of the individuals of the same tree species and among the different trees species and the open field.

Mixture of Triclopyr and Imazapyr More Effective than Triclopyr Alone for Hardwood Forest Stand Improvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Turner ◽  
William D Gulsby ◽  
Craig A Harper
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Soil Activity ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Treatment of individual trees in hardwood stands typically is conducted with herbicides that have no soil activity, such as triclopyr. However, triclopyr is not effective on some tree species. Applying a mixture of triclopyr and imazapyr would broaden the spectrum of species controlled, but nontarget mortality may be problematic as imazapyr may affect other trees through soil activity. We applied herbicide via girdle-and-spray as part of a forest stand improvement treatment in four upland hardwood stands in the Upper Coastal Plain of Alabama. We compared effects of using triclopyr alone with a mixture of triclopyr and imazapyr 18 months posttreatment. Only one untreated sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) out of 440 trees was killed in the stands treated with the herbicide mixture (0.5 percent nontarget mortality rate). Nontarget mortality did not differ between treatments. However, the herbicide mixture controlled hickory (Carya spp.) and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) better than triclopyr alone, with 56 percent of hickory treated with triclopyr still alive 18 months later, compared with 0 percent of hickory treated with the mixture. Our results indicate a mixture of triclopyr and imazapyr provides better control than triclopyr alone, and there is minimal risk to nontarget tree species in hardwood stands when used according to label recommendations. Study Implications Forest stand improvement (FSI) is a noncommercial practice typically conducted by cutting and using herbicide to kill undesirable trees. Consideration must be given to herbicide selection, which is based on efficacy on target species while minimizing nontarget mortality of residual trees. We found that a mixture of triclopyr and imazapyr applied via girdle-and-spray was more effective for FSI than triclopyr alone, which failed to control a significant proportion of treated hickory, and resulted in essentially no nontarget mortality in mixed hardwood stands 18 months after application.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Piñon–Juniper Woodlands in the Sky Islands of the Davis Mountains, Texas, USA

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Bataineh ◽  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Hans M. Williams ◽  
Daniel R. Unger ◽  
I-Kuai Hung
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Sky Islands ◽  
Davis Mountains ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Individual Trees

Piñon (Pinus spp. L.)–juniper (Juniperus spp. L.) woodlands’ historical stand structures were recreated to provide reference conditions and document long-term changes in the Sky Islands of the Davis Mountains, Texas. Restoration of these isolated woodlands requires insights into the range of variability in current and historical stand structures, as well as an understanding of the spatiotemporal establishment and recruitment patterns of tree species. With drastic changes in forests and woodlands of the Southwestern United States widely reported, the main objective of this study was to reconstruct woodland tree temporal and spatial establishment patterns. A stratified random sampling approach was used to select two study sites each of 3600 m2 in area. Within each site, all individual trees were mapped, measured, and cored for age determination. Age and tree location data were used to recreate the spatiotemporal patterns of tree species establishment and recruitment. Increments in density of both Mexican piñon (Pinus cembroides var. cembroides Zucc.) and alligator juniper (Juniperus deppeana var. deppeana Steud.) reached 422 trees ha−1 in the 115-year period between 1890 and 2005; a yearly increment of 4 trees ha−1 that did not reflect a rapid rate of change in these piñon–juniper woodlands. Age distributions reflected the multi-cohort nature of these woodlands, and spatial autocorrelation measures were useful in the objective delineation of these cohorts. Temporal and functional niche differentiation of juniper was reflected in the development pattern where alligator juniper served as a pioneer species, exhibited a longer period of substantial recruitment, and had greater recruitment rates than that of Mexican piñon. Recruitment of Mexican piñon and alligator juniper occurred in an episodic fashion, with the majority of recruits being acquired between 1890 and 1949.

Tree Species Selection by Free-Ranging Koala Populations in Victoria.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hindell ◽  
KA Handasyde ◽  
AK Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Free Ranging

Tree species selection was studied in free-ranging populations of koalas [Phascolarctos cinereus] on Phillip Island and the Brisbane Ranges in Victoria. At both sites koalas were found mainly on Eucalyptus spp. but occasionally used Acacia spp. Although koalas occurred on most of the Eucalyptus spp. present, both populations showed preferences for one or two species, particularly E. viminalis. Individual koalas showed different preferences, but the majority preferred E. viminalis. Some occurred exclusively on other species even when E. viminalis was close by. Koalas also showed preference for individual trees within a species.

scholarly journals Documentation of tree species within Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, Aizawl, India, with notes on their ethnomedicinal values

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Lalrinkimi ◽  
R.K. Lallianthanga
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
First Report ◽  
Science Centre ◽  
Schima Wallichii ◽  
Individual Trees

This study provides a first report of the various tree species prevailing in the tropical semi-evergreen forest within Mizoram Science Centre, Berawtlang, Aizawl in relation to their diversity; and also mentions traditional ethnomedicinal and economic uses of the species. A total number of 776 individual trees were assessed within the study site belonging to 74 different species representing 61 genera and 34 families. Among these, 55 tree species have been reported by previous workers to possess indigenous medicinal values. The most abundant tree species at the study site was found to be Callicarpa arborea (hnahkiah) of Verbenaceae comprising 14.30% of the total trees assessed, followed by Anogeissus acuminata (zairum) of Combretaceae with 12.62%, and Schima wallichii (khiang) of Theaceae with 10.56%. A concise list of the species recorded along with their ethnomedicinal and economic uses have been presented here. The prospect of in situ conservation of tree species is briefly highlighted.

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