scholarly journals An overview of pesticide management in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parashu Ram Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Pesticide Management ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pesticide Reduction

Agriculture is a wider sector where 54% people are engaged and one-third GDP contributed to the nation. Due to diverse climatic regions, farmers grow different types of agricultural commodities and presence of different pests reduces their production and thus need to apply pesticides. Pesticide Registration and Management Division under the Department of Agriculture is a legal authority to register as well as restrict or ban certain pesticides used in the agricultural sector in Nepal. The paper also emphasizes how Nepal has doing pesticide reduction for the pest management in agriculture considering the food safety, animal and human health and environment protection. And it also focuses on the legal aspects on pesticide management and status of registered, restricted and banned pesticides in the context of neighboring countries and addresses to fulfill the obligations of the international convention related to pesticides and industrial chemicals.

ANALYSIS OF SIGNIFICANT OIL SPILL INCIDENTS FROM SHIPS, 1976–19851

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Pu Bao-Kang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Ship Construction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Operational Errors

ABSTRACT The most important objectives of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have been improving maritime safety and preventing marine pollution. The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), which is responsible for coordinating IMO's activities in preventing and controlling marine pollution from ships, agreed that spills of 100 tons of oil or more should be regarded as “significant.”1 Analyses of significant oil spills (more than 100 metric tons) from ships have helped develop spill statistics, categories of spill incidents, geographical data on spills, and so on. Analyses for the past 10 years show that about 75 percent of the incidents were caused by grounding, collision, and breakdown; about 8 percent were caused by operational errors while loading, discharging, or washing tanks; and about 17 percent were due to rough weather, fire, and other causes. These analyses suggest that measures can be taken to prevent oil pollution from ships chiefly by improving safety standards for ship construction, equipment, and operation. This paper analyzes several incidents to understand the causes, actions taken, and results of oil spills in different circumstances and with different types of oil. It also examines IMO's achievements in combating oil pollution and the difficulties that have been met in implementing Annex I of the Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78).

Industrial benchmarking for competitive advantage

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Bjørn Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Improvement Potential ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Different Types

This paper deals with several different aspects of the concept of benchmarking in order to give the audience a basic understanding of what benchmarking is, how it is done, and what it can give in terms of improvement results. The main issues covered are definitions of benchmarking and explanations of the different types of benchmarking that exist and what implications these have, both in terms of improvement potential, difficulties, and suitability. Furthermore, ethical and legal aspects linked to benchmarking and the benchmarking wheel, a benchmarking process model explaining the phases and steps of the benchmarking study. A relatively large portion of the paper will be devoted to explaining how to carry out a benchmarking study and various pitfalls that might be encountered. The remainder of the paper will discuss the improvement results that companies that have used benchmarking actually have achieved. These range from phenomenal successes to downright failures, and the paper will explore conclusions derived from research on the topic.

scholarly journals Understanding the Influence and Effects of Devolution on Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Garissa County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Hussein Abdi Ali ◽  
Salah Abdirahaman Farah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
County Government ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
County Governments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Findings

The Agriculture sector in Kenya is as important as the country. Much of the agricultural function was transferred to the devolved units when the new constitution was passed by Kenyans and promulgated. The question many are asking is, have county governments initiated strategies in place to improve food security and ultimately contribute to the economy. Agriculture is the major contributor of our economy today. Kenya needs to be a self-sufficient country and feed its people. County governments have a huge role in ensuring this objective achieved. Based on this, a research title is proposed “Understanding the influence and effects of devolution on agricultural development: A case study of Garissa county, Kenya” The research seeks to clarify to the public and the other stakeholders concerned if actually devolved units have done anything to improve the agricultural sector since its inception. Have county governments put clear, achievable and practical strategies for this sector to grow and how best can counties improve this important sector. The research findings will be very helpful to those who are involve in the agricultural sector, directly or indirectly. The research objectives are; to compare performance of agriculture before and after devolution, to evaluate the achievements of devolution in the agricultural sector, to analyse the challenges faced by county governments in developing this sector, to examine the perception of the public on the best strategies to improve agriculture in Kenya and to give synthesised recommendations to all stakeholders. The research was conducted within Garissa County, four out of the six sub counties. A total of 310 respondents were engaged ranging from farmers, the general public and the staff of the county government The research found out that there is a gap in the sector that needs attention. Agricultural production, although remained steadfast over the years, has been in deplorable situation. The research findings is helpful to all stakeholders-both levels of governments, farmers, the public and non-state actors.  The research commends that the County governments should use bottom-up approach strategy when making critical decision affecting the department. This will aid them obtain raw and unbiased information for action. The department of agriculture experts should be deployed to all sub counties (at the grassroots). 95 percent of these staff stay at county headquarters doing nothing. Their presence at the villages, farms will come in handy or the farmers. People with experience and experts should be employed to spearhead this exercise. Routine visits should be made to the farming areas.

Social and legal aspects related to the problem of domestic violence against women

10.12737/253 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Мурзабаева
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Domestic Violence Prevention ◽  
Women Rights

Social and legal problems of domestic violence against women are considered. Data of researches on domestic violence condition in Russia, its consequences, results of work of crisis centers, interdepartmental interaction for domestic violence prevention are provided. The international documents related to protection of women rights and prevention of different types of domestic violence against women are presented, the assessment of this problem’s legal aspects in Russian legislation is given.

ταυτ' εγω μαρτυρομαι: Bystanders as Witnesses in Aristophanes

Mnemosyne ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Dimos Spatharas
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Forensic Speeches

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the function of bystanders as witnesses in Aristophanes. It includes an examination of the relevant passages and a presentation of the legal aspects that they exhibit. I argue that, while forensic speeches depict different types of assistance offered by the bystanders to victims of criminal action, the 'victims' on Aristophanes' comic stage, usually annoying intruders, fail to secure the assistance of those within earshot.

scholarly journals Utilization of Vegetable and Fruit By-products as Functional Ingredient and Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Qi Lau ◽  
Mohd Redzwan Sabran ◽  
Siti Raihanah Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Functional Ingredient ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
By Products

With the constant growth of the human population, the global demand for food is increasing annually. Food security is an arising issue due to decreased resources and massive waste production from the agricultural sector. For example, not all parts of fruits and vegetables are consumed by consumers, and this phenomenon can lead to huge amounts of food wastes that are produced globally. Moreover, non-utilized agriculture by-products, including seed coat, hull, husk, peels, seeds, and pomace, can cause environmental issues. Hence, efficiently utilizing food wastes, such as vegetable and fruit by-products, could be a way to increase food sustainability, and in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. Moreover, certain agriculture by-products are reported to have a high nutritional value and could be potentially used as functional ingredient and food in the food industry. This review article summarizes findings on the development of new functional foods by utilizing different types of agriculture by-products, that is, vegetable and fruit by-products as ingredients. Furthermore, the nutritional values, processing methods, product acceptability, and potential uses of these vegetable and fruit by-products are also discussed. These by-products can be an alternative source of nutrients to support the global demand for functional foods and as one of the strategies to cope with food insecurity. Studies have shown that different types of fruit and vegetable by-products were well-incorporated in the development of functional foods, such as bakery products and dairy products. Of great importance, this review article provides an insight of the nutritional value, health benefits, and utilization of fruit and vegetable by-products.

scholarly journals Legal and environmental aspects of authorizing edible insects in the European Union  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Grmelova Nicole ◽  
Sedmidubsky Tomas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Food And Feed

Nutritional values of different foodstuffs have been examined in various studies on a number of occasions. However, so far, little attention has been paid to the legal aspects of introducing edible insects in the European Union. Yet, the rearing of this mini-livestock for food and feed has a potential of developing into a new agricultural sector, which is sustainable, unlike the breeding of the traditional livestock. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal background of authorizing edible insects in the European Union, taking into account the environmental impacts thereof. At present, the Member States are free to regulate this field, however, only until the transitional period established by the European Union (EU) rules has expired, since the EU wide regulation for authorizing edible insects is to be introduced as of 1st January 2018.  

Living Wills in Italy: Ethical and Comparative Law Approaches

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denard Veshi ◽  
Gerald Neitzke
Keyword(s):  
Advance Directives ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Living Wills ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Right ◽  
Italian Constitution

AbstractIn this article, advance directives will be analysed through ethical and comparative law approaches. Their importance, the two different types of advance directives and the so-called three steps hierarchy, will be discussed. Living wills will be treated in detail, considering the criticism they have attracted, as well as their known benefits. A thorough examination of the latest version of Arts. 3 and 4 of Italian Bill No. 2350, as approved by the Italian Senate in March 2009 and then amended by the Chamber of Deputies in July 2011, is included. This bill grants advance directives advisory force, limits their application in time and does not allow the validity of oral declarations. This political decision limits autonomy. Furthermore, there are doubts about the constitutionality of this bill, especially with respect to Arts. 2, 13 and 32 of the Italian Constitution, related to the right of self-determination. Further, this article will include a comparative approach of the legal aspects, with particular attention to the French and German models. To conclude, some ethical principles that the Italian legislator must take into consideration are indicated. In addition, some possible modifications of this Bill are suggested based on the experience of other European legislation.

scholarly journals Pesticide management approach towards protecting the safety and health of farmers in Southeast Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Norsyazwani Mohammad ◽  
Emilia Zainal Abidin ◽  
Vivien How ◽  
Sarva Mangala Praveena ◽  
Zailina Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pesticide Management ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Abstract Background: It is estimated that pesticide production and use have increased continuously in the countries of Southeast Asia in recent years. Within the context of protecting the safety and health of workers in the agricultural sector, there is an existing gap in the implementation of the pesticide management framework because safety and health effects arising from occupational exposures continue to be reported. Objective: This study aims to provide narrative similarities, differences and weaknesses of the existing pesticide management system in Southeast Asian countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) within the context of occupational safety and health. Methods: This is preliminary traditional review study. Pesticide regulation and management at the country level were identified using web-based search engines such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google. Book, reports, legislation document and other documents retrieved were also gathered from international organizations and specific websites of governmental agency in Southeast Asian countries. The scope of this review is only limited to literature written in English. In total, 44 review articles, reports and documents were gathered for this study. The approach of pesticide management in protecting safety and health in the agricultural setting were benchmarked according to the elements introduced by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, namely, (1) the protection of workers and (2) the practice of safety. Results: All countries have assigned a local authority and government organization to manage and control pesticide use in the agricultural sector. The countries with the highest usage of pesticide are Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia. Most Southeast Asian countries have emphasized safety practice in the management of pesticide usage, but there were less emphasis on the element of protection of workers within the framework in Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Conclusion: The governing bodies in the countries of Southeast Asia have placed significant effort to develop framework related to pesticide management at the country level. The implementation of pesticide management based on the existing framework is evident in most of the countries but needs to be improved. It is suggested that emphasis be given to the implementation of diagnosis, health surveillance and reporting system as well as following or adopting standard guidelines for the protection of workers in terms of safety and health in the agricultural sector.

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