Fabrication of open type carbonizer for the preparation of activated carbon from rice husk

Activated carbon has been prepared from rice husk using laboratory fabricated open type carbonizer. The raw rice husk powder was named as RRH whereas chemically activated rice husk was named as CARH. Both samples were characterized by methylene blue number (MBN), iodine number (IN) and surface area. The MBN and IN of RRH was found to be 83 mg/g and 415 mg/g whereas CARH was 99 mg/g and 716 mg/g respectively which indicate the presence of mesoporosity and microporosity of the samples. The surface area of RRH was found to be 206 m2/g while CARH was found to be 531 m2/g. XRD analysis showed that the prepared materials were amorphous with some crystalline state while FTIR spectra showed the presence of different functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, Si-O-Si bond and aromatic group on the material. The adsorption properties of prepared samples were studied by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was found to be best fitted. It showed that prepared materials have homogenous surface with monolayer type of adsorption. The maximum monolayer coverage (Qm) for RRH was found to be 55 mg/g and for CARH 143 mg/g. Thus, results revealed that laboratory fabricated low cost open type carbonizer is suitable for the preparation of activated carbon. BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 10-18

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Adsorptive Removal of Ni2+ from Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.950 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 754-755 ◽

pp. 950-954

Author(s):

Mohd Faisal Taha ◽

Anis Suhaila Shuib ◽

Maizatul Shima Shaharun ◽

Azry Borhan

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Adsorption Studies ◽

Adsorptive Removal ◽

Equilibrium Data ◽

Good Potential

An attempt was made to study the potential of rice husk as an alternative cheap precursor for activated carbon to remove Ni2+ from aqueous solution. Rice husk was treated chemically (with NaOH) and physically (carbonization) to prepare rice husk based activated carbon (RHAC). The textural properties of RHAC, i.e. surface area (255 m2/g) and pore volume (0.17 cm2/g), were determined by N2 adsorption using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyzer. RHAC was also characterized for its morphology and its elemental compositions. The adsorption studies for the removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution were carried out using different dosage of RHAC as adsorbent as a function of varied contact time. The concentration of Ni2+ was determined by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The results obtained from adsorption studies indicate good potential of rice husk as a cheap precursor to produce activated carbon for the removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution. The equilibrium data from adsorption studies fitted well the of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.

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Removal of Organic Pollutant from Aqueous Solution by Rice Husk Activated Carbon (RHAC)

Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.3329/jce.v29i1.33816 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sabrina Khan ◽

Zannatul Ferdous Raha ◽

Mahe Jabeen ◽

Mahe Rukh ◽

Syeda Tanzila Reza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Low Cost ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Phenol Adsorption ◽

Activating Agent

In this work, activated carbon was prepared from low cost agricultural by-product rice husk and NaOH was used as chemical activating agent. The characterization of rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) was performed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and BET surface analyzer. In addition, the proximate analysis and Boehm titration was conducted to investigate RHAC properties and surface function groups. The adsorption of an organic pollutant (phenol) using RHAC was studied by the batch method. It was established that phenol adsorption by RHAC reached equilibrium at about 2640 min and is more compatible with Langmuir adsorption isotherm with respect to Freundlich isotherm. Phenol adsorption capacity of RHAC was found to be 17.123 mg g?1.The phenol adsorption kinetics corresponds well with pseudo first order model.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 29-33

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Activated Carbon from Spent Brewery Barley Husks for Cadmium Ion Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.22146/ijc.22422 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ilesanmi Osasona ◽

Kayode Aiyedatiwa ◽

Jonathan Johnson ◽

Oluwabamise Lekan Faboya

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Cadmium Ion ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Barley Husk ◽

Equilibrium Data

This study investigated the feasibility of using acid activated carbon prepared from brewery spent barley husks for the adsorption of cadmium from aqueous solution. The effects of operation parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, concentration and temperature were verified. The amount of cadmium adsorbed increased with increase in solution pH, initial solution concentration and with the amount of adsorbent dosed. A time of 5 minutes was required for attainment of equilibrium. The equilibrium data obtained were analysed using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data were better described by Langmuir model with correlation coefficient of 0.9183. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal of cadmium by the activated carbon was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, activated carbon obtained from brewery spent barley husk can be employed as an economically viable low-cost adsorbent for removing cadmium from aqueous solution.

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Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution onto activated carbon of Catha edulis stem as a low cost bio-adsorbent

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35247/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gietu yirga Abate ◽

Adugna Nigatu Alene ◽

Adere Tarekegne Habte ◽

Desiew Mekuanint Getahun

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Aqueous System ◽

Point Of Zero Charge ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Catha Edulis

Abstract Background: The release of hazardous synthetic dyes into industrial effluents has emerged as an environmental problem requiring remediation. The present study focused on the preparation of a new and environmentally-friendly material (adsorbent) for the remediation of hazardous dyes from aqueous solution. The low cost adsorbent was prepared from locally available khat (Catha edulis) stem which considered as waste and accumulated on waste disposal areas of Woldia town, Ethiopia. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on the bio-adsorbent such as proximate analyses, specific surface area, point of zero charge and FT-IR analysis. Results: The proximate analysis shows the prepared adsorbent has very high fixed carbon content (83.65%), which refers to high quality of the adsorbent. The adsorption performance of the prepared activated carbon was optimized by varying operational parameters such as initial dye concentration (10 mg/L), pH (10), dosage (0.5 g), and contact time (60 min). The maximum removal efficiency of the prepared adsorbent at those optimum conditions was 98.8%. The experimental data was tested by most common kinetics and isotherm models. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better with good correlation coefficient and the equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model.Conclusion: In summery this study demonstrated that the waste bio sorbent could be employed as an effective and eco-friendly alternative for the cleanup of dye-polluted aqueous system.

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Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution onto activated carbon of Catha edulis stem as a low cost bio-adsorbent

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35247/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gietu yirga Abate ◽

Adugna Nigatu Alene ◽

Adere Tarekegne Habte ◽

Desiew Mekuanint Getahun

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Aqueous System ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Catha Edulis

Abstract Background: The release of hazardous synthetic dyes into industrial effluents has emerged as an environmental problem requiring remediation. The present study focused on the preparation of a new and environmentally-friendly material (adsorbent) for the remediation of aqueous media containing dye. The low cost adsorbent was prepared from locally available khat (Catha edulis) stem which considered as waste and accumulated on waste disposal areas of woldia town, Ethiopia. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on the bio-adsorbent such as proximate analyses, specific surface area, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (which shows functional groups on adsorbents surface). Results: The proximate analysis shows the prepared adsorbent has very high fixed carbon content (83.65%), which refers to high quality of the adsorbent. The adsorption performance of the prepared activated carbon was optimize by varying operating parameters such as initial dye concentration (10 mg/L), pH (10), dosage (0.5 g), and contact time (60 min). The maximum removal efficiency of the prepared adsorbent at those optimum conditions was 98.8%. The experimental data was tested by most common kinetics and isotherm models. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better with good correlation coefficient and the equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model. Conclusion: In summery this study demonstrated that the waste bio sorbent could be employed as an effective and eco-friendly alternative for the cleanup of dye-polluted aqueous system.

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Methylene blue removal using prepared activated carbon from grape wood wastes: adsorption process analysis and modeling

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2021.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seyyed Alireza Mousavi ◽

Davood Shahbazi ◽

Arezoo Mahmoudi ◽

Parastoo Darvishi

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Process Analysis ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Abstract An adsorption study has been conducted for activated carbon obtained from grape wood wastes to assess their capability to remove methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solutions. The properties of prepared activated carbon were characterized using FTIR, BET and SEM analyses. The effects of independent variables such as initial concentration of MB (100–500 mg L−1), initial pH of solution (3–11), adsorbent dosage (0.25–12.25 g L−1) and contact time (10–90 min) on the MB adsorption have been optimized using response surface methodology. The highest MB removal efficiency was 98% when pH, MB and adsorbent dosage were 11, 100 mg L−1 and 12.25 g L−1, respectively. The experimental data have been tested using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the achieved data were fully fitted with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99), which indicates the monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics well followed by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 of 0.99. This prepared activated carbon as a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent can be used widely for water and wastewater treatment.

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Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution onto activated carbon of Catha edulis stem as a low cost bio-adsorbent

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35247/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gietu yirga Abate ◽

Adugna Nigatu Alene ◽

Adere Tarekegne Habte ◽

Desiew Mekuanint Getahun

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Aqueous System ◽

Point Of Zero Charge ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Catha Edulis

Abstract Background: The release of hazardous synthetic dyes into industrial effluents has emerged as an environmental problem requiring remediation. The present study focused on the preparation of a new and environmentally-friendly material (adsorbent) for the remediation of hazardous dyes from aqueous solution. The low cost adsorbent was prepared from locally available khat (Catha edulis) stem which considered as waste and accumulated on waste disposal areas of Woldia town, Ethiopia. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on the bio-adsorbent such as proximate analyses, specific surface area, point of zero charge and FT-IR analysis. Results: The proximate analysis shows the prepared adsorbent has very high fixed carbon content (83.65%), which refers to high quality of the adsorbent. The adsorption performance of the prepared activated carbon was optimized by varying operational parameters such as initial dye concentration (10 mg/L), pH (10), dosage (0.5 g), and contact time (60 min). The maximum removal efficiency of the prepared adsorbent at those optimum conditions was 98.8%. The experimental data was tested by most common kinetics and isotherm models. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better with good correlation coefficient and the equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model. Conclusion: In summery this study demonstrated that the waste bio sorbent could be employed as an effective and eco-friendly alternative for the cleanup of dye-polluted aqueous system.

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Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorbent prepared from paper mill sludge: Kinetics and thermodynamics studies

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1177/0263617416686976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (1-2) ◽

pp. 149-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Fatemeh Gorzin ◽

MM Bahri Rasht Abadi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Paper Mill Sludge

In the present work, a new low-cost activated carbon was prepared from paper mill sludge in order to remove Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, metal ion concentrations, and temperature on adsorption efficiency were studied by experimental tests. The maximum equilibrium uptake of Cr(VI) by the adsorbent was 23.18 mg g−1 at optimum pH = 4.0, contact time of 180 min, and temperature of 45℃. Analysis of equilibrium adsorption data in terms of several isotherm models revealed that Langmuir isotherm with respect to Freundlich isotherm indicates better agreement with the experimental data. The kinetics of Cr(VI) adsorption onto activated carbon was described with the pseudo-second-order model which indicates the dominance of chemisorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the Cr(VI) adsorption onto adsorbent was feasible in nature, spontaneous, and endothermic.

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Preparation, Characterization and Utilization of Coconut Adsorbents as a Filter Media for Wastewater Treatment

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2330310 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 129-138

Author(s):

S. Kaviya ◽

R. M. Jayabalakrishnan ◽

M. Maheswari ◽

S. Selvakumar

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Low Cost ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Filter Media ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Coir Fibre ◽

Experimental Findings

The present study investigates the characterization of different coconut based low cost adsorbents like coconut shell biochar, zinc chloride impregnated coconut shell activated carbon, coir fibre and coir geotextile and their suitability characteristics as a filter bed in different wastewater treatment process. The characterization study helps to investigate their physical, chemical and morphological properties like proximate and ultimate analysis, iodine number, decolorizing power, SEM, Surface area using BET, Particle size and Zeta potential. The experiment results showed that among the different adsorbents activated carbon has high fixed carbon content (82.99 percent), more surface area (590.8 m2 g-1), low ash content (1.31 percent) with a decolorizing power of 240-300 mg g-1. The coir fibre and coir geotextile having neutral pH with negative surface charge easily adsorbs the positive cations from aqueous solutions at highest apparent density. The experimental findings suggest that the activated adsorbent which shows better results as an effective filter media for adsorption of organic compounds and pollutants from wastewater.

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Adsorption of UV254 in Kerian River water onto ZeliacTM: Analysis using linear and non-linear forms of isotherm models

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001968 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 74-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

River Water ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Low Cost ◽

Error Function ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Linear Analysis ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Non Linear

The composite media, ZeliacTM was developed with the initial aim to provide low cost adsorbent with promising adsorption capacity. This study was conducted to investigate the removal of UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) in Kerian river water using ZeliacTM as the media. Batch experiments study was carried out to determine the optimum removal of UV254 by ZeliacTM. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to investigate the adsorption mechanism. The results from batch study exhibit that ZeliacTM is capable to remove 74.4% UV254 at the dosage of 7g/100 ml. Linear isotherm analysis suggests that the best fitting linear line is Freundlich isotherm with R2 values of 0.9294 indicating multilayer adsorption. Similarly, non-linear regression analysis reveals that the adsorption of UV254 by ZeliacTM is attributed by physisorption. The non-linear Freundlich isotherm gives a better fit to the adsorption of UV254 than Langmuir isotherm with R2 values of 0.9488. The results are supported with low values of X2, ARE, HYBRID and MPSED from the error function analysis.  Additionally, it is noted that the linear analysis overestimates the constant parameters’ values for Freundlich isotherm, which cause larger errors as estimated by the error function analysis. Hence, non-linear analysis is more appropriate in explaining the batch experiment data.

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