Strengthening of Subgrade Clayey Soil in Road Construction using Fly ash and Coir Geotextile

The best handicap for a carried-out community of road structures in growing international locations like India is the restricted monetary assets accessible to construct roads the use of traditional methods. By the usage of nearby substances inclusive of neighbourhood grounds for the constructions of the lower layers of the pavements (in precise the subgrade), the development expenses can be extensively reduced. 20% of the land in India is clayey and is expansive in nature. These lands are observed to be steeply-priced to construct and to maintain roads. The use of coir fibre substances in the discipline of civil engineering has led to new methods for stabilisation of soils in particular. A coir fibre (CF) is an herbal cloth that is broadly handy in Coastal India. A certain find out about was carried out in this paper about enhancing the stability, energy and sturdiness of soil clay mixed up with fly ash and coir fibre mat. The sample of the soil used was from the excessive clay region in Andhra Pradesh. The stabilisation was performed with classification C fly ash and grade H2M9 coir mat. The plasticity of clay fly ash mixes is decreased as fly ash content material is increased. Adding fly ash consequently lessens increasing soils and will increase their working-ability via a colloidal response and adjustments in grain size. The supplementation of fly ash led to full-size increase in soil CBR. The consequences exhibit large enhancement in compaction and CBR of composite containing clay, fly ash and coir mat. The CBR value for virgin Andhra Pradesh clayey soil was 6% which improved to 12% for optimal fly ash (15%) –clayey mix. The CBR value was determined through placing coir mat at more than a few depths in ideal fly ash clay mix. The most CBR value acquired was 44% for coir mat positioned at mixture of h/4th and h/2th depth from pinnacle in standard fly ash - clay mix.

Experimental Investigation on Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavement Slabs Subjected to Temperature Gradient

A long lasting, reliable and economical transportation system is a critical component for the continuous movement of heavy traffic. Rigid pavements are made of concrete are widely for land transportation used because of its increased life, strength and it provides efficient movement of heavy traffic. Concrete is a brittle material and its low tensile strength leads to the formation of cracks, which is one of the main reason of concrete failure. Addition of fibre prevents the crack formation because fibres are crack arresters. Fibre addition increases the structural integrity of the pavement. Concrete slab in pavement structure experiences daily temperature fluctuations and results in the formation of temperature gradients in the slab. The objective of this study is to investigate the material properties of the three different fibres used in pavement slabs subjected to temperature gradient and the fibres used is coir fibre. Reduced cracks ensure pavement durability, reduced maintenance, improved performance, improved performance and ride quality. Keywords: Rigid pavements, Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC), Coir Fibre, Temperature Gradient, Pavement Slab.

Sound Absorption Characteristics of Composite Panel Made from Coconut Coir and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fibre with Polyester

The development of pure natural fibres as sound absorptive material remains overlooked due to their lack of mechanical and moist properties, low durability, and vulnerability to be damaged by the environment. Certain fibre treatments are needed to improve such disadvantages. This paper investigates sound absorption characteristics of coconut fibre (coir) and oil palm fibre made from empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibre bonded by polyester that can protect them from the ambient environment in order to increase their durability. Two types of fibre-polyester composites have been tested. The first is the fibre-polyester composite (FPC) type, which is totally coated with polyester as the composite matrix. Another type is the fibre-polyester bonded composite (FPBC), in which the polyester is brushed into slice by a slice of the fibre layer in order to coat and bond the fibre, although porous among the fibre remains possible. A two-channel impedance tube is used in the measurement within 200 Hz to 3000 Hz of the frequency range. It is found that FPBC type panel has almost similar sound absorption characteristics to its purely natural fibre as it is able to maintain the panel porosity. The coconut coir fibre panel and its composite have a maximum absorption coefficient of almost 100% within the frequency range 1500-2000 Hz, considerably better than the OPEFB fibre, with only about 80% of the absorption coefficient. If the FPC layer exists, the sound absorption is reduced, and the frequency peaks are also shifted. Additions of the FPC panel layer thickness produced lower sound absorptions and shifted the peaks to the lower frequency range. The FPBC panel type is viable to protect the fibre from the environment without changing its sound absorption characteristics.

Performance Analysis of Coir and Coir Products Export from India

The present paper looks into the growth, instability, and sources of growth and instability of coir products export from India. Total coir export was found to have significant increase over the years. A drastic shift from finished products like handloom mats, coir yarn, and handloom mattings to products like coir fibre and coir pith in the composition of total coir products export from India was evident. Coir fibre showed the highest growth in export quantity, followed by coir curled. Export quantity was highest for coir other sorts, followed by power loom mats, power loom matting, and coir rugs. Change in mean quantity accounted for more than 80 percent changes in total coir export value. The change followed it in the mean unit value. Change in export quantity-export unit value covariance and change in mean export quantity were the major contributors to variance of export value.

Multi-objective Optimization of Kerf-taper and Surface-roughness Quality Characteristics for Cutting-operation On Coir and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Polymeric Composites During CO2-Pulsed Laser-cutting Using RSM

Current research focuses on optimizing various quality characteristics for kerf geometry generated through laser cutting of Coir fibre/carbon fibre/epoxy resin hybrid composite adjacent to straight cut profile employing pulsed CO2 laser system. The Kerf taper (KT) and the Surface roughness (SR) are the main quality parameters discussed. Dependent on significant process parameters, namely gas pressure, cutting speed, pulse frequency and pulse width predictive models were developed. In accordance with Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array (OA), the cutting trials are designed. Process-parametric optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Furthermore, experiments were performed to obtain experimental data for the analysis of cut quality features. The impact of the input variables on the response characteristics is also explored. The morphological characterizations have been performed to analysis the effect of machining-variables and cut-quality for the top and bottom kerf widths with various laser cutting variables in the pulse laser-cutting of Coir-fibre/carbon-fibre/epoxy-resin hybrid composite. For SR and KT, the developed second order surface response model was found very successful. The optimal levels of cutting variables for KT are established at Gas pressure-6 N/mm2, pulse width-2.04 ms, cutting speed-8.01 mm/s, pulse frequency-15 Hz, for sample A1, Gas pressure-5.47 N/mm2, pulse width-2.5 ms, cutting speed-8.81 mm/s, pulse frequency-8.43 Hz, for sample A2, Gas pressure-3.85 N/mm2, pulse width-1.5 ms, cutting speed-9.06 mm/s, pulse frequency-5 Hz, for sample A3 additionally for SR Gas pressure-2 N/mm2, pulse width-1.5 ms, cutting speed-7 mm/s, pulse frequency-5 Hz, for sample A1, Gaspressure-2.36 N/mm2, pulse width-1.5 ms, cutting speed-7 mm/s, pulse frequency-15 Hz, for sample A2, Gaspressure-6 N/mm2, pulse width-1.5 ms, cutting speed-11 mm/s, pulse frequency-8.73 Hz, for sample A3. Regression results and linear and square impact of laser cutting variables have been revealed to be important to validate the model.

Alkali-treated coir fibre-pith composite for waste water treatment

Coir fibre and pith are eco-friendly material used in the preparation of composites. Coir fibre and coir pith were treated with sodium hydroxide to study the effect of alkali for prolonged exposure on its properties. Fibre and pith were treated with different concentrations of NaOH from 5% to 30% for 24 hours at room temperature. Alkali treatment removes the impurities and the expose the crystalline cellulose and to enhance the surface properties. The alkali-treated coir fibre and pith were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy for morphology, X-ray diffraction for crystallinity index, thermogravimetry for thermal stability, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for structural changes. The chemical composition was analysed for both fibre and pith. Physical properties such as bulk density, particle density and porosity were determined for pith. After alkali treatment, the properties (physical and chemical) of the treated fibre (5% to 20%) has been enhanced. For coir pith the properties has been diminished. Untreated/treated coir fibre/pith filter (CFP) were developed to study the removal of heavy metal ions from the waste water, where untreated (CFP) as a control. The removal efficiency of the developed CFP filter for heavy metal ions were determined by Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). 5% CFP filter exhibited higher efficiency for removal of heavy metal ions.