scholarly journals Anthropological Perspective on Gender Disparities in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
Konduru Delliswararao
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Very High

Gender is a social term; it is using for both male and female. But due to the inequality and discrimination, the gender term is more adopted only to female or women discrimination. In developing countries like India, gender inequality, discrimination is very high due to so many factors, such as economical factors, cultural factors and others. India is 140th Rank, out of 156 countries in world's gender gap index. It is showing that India's performance in gender equality. Not only a govt, every individual in the society are responsible for the gender inequality in India. When comparing with other nations, India’s ranking is lower than African countries. The main objective of the present paper explains the socio-cultural, economical, and other factors in various sectors in Pondicherry related to gender equality. Another aim of the study is to understanding the women development in a holistic manner. The methodology of the paper is Mixed Method of research. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-3: 416-425.

scholarly journals Gender Discourses as a ‘Technology of Power’ in Nepalese Primary Level Textbooks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Pragya Paneru
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
And Gender

 The Gender gap is one of the most prominent problems in the context of Nepal. Even if Nepal constitution promotes gender equality and equity, there is still a huge gap between male and female. Women lag in literary percentage, nutritional health conditions, ownership, and employment opportunities. One of the obstacles in the path of gender equality is our systemic education materials especially our textbooks which reinforce the stereotypical concept of male and female through textbook representations. Researchers have shown that gender stereotypes have been seen in the textbooks of highly developed countries like America, Australia, and Hongkong. In this context, all the compulsory textbooks of grade four and five prescribed by the Curriculum Development Centre in the context of Nepal were observed. In all the books, stereotypical representations of male and female characters were found. Most of the men and women were presented doing conventional gender roles, and male-centered themes are found in the narratives. This research claims that when conventional attitude regarding gender is transferred to young children, it ultimately reproduces similar gendered personalities and helps to maintain the gender gap. This research uses the concept of ‘technology of power’ by Foucault to interpret gender representations in textbooks. A Ccritical Discourse Analysis has been used to analyze the data from textbooks. The findings suggest that there are biased gender representations suggesting stereotypes and gender binary which could potentially affect the learners both male and female as it fosters false knowledge regarding gender and overburdens the male whereas humiliates the females.

Closing the Gender Gap in Human Capital Formation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-204
Author(s):  
Tinuke Fapohunda
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

Disparities in gender calculations in several nations have originated turbulence in multinational platforms in the recent past. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals list gender equality and women empowerment as the fifth of the eight goals. This study scrutinizes the gender gaps in human capital formation. It demonstrated the economic cost of gender inequality in human capital formation (losses in human capital attributable to gender inequality are estimated at $160.2 trillion) and considered some clear-cut involvements that can ease the realization of greater equality. To boost women's human capital formation, investments throughout the life cycle are obligatory. Successful involvements can be affected to tackle time use restrictions, support access to productive assets, and resolve market and institutional disappointments that reprimand women. Spending on girls and women is indispensable not only to boosting gender equality and the changing wealth of nations but also allowing nations to grow in maintainable manners.

Gender Inequality and Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-145
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Regional Performance

The chapter argues that inequality between men and women has led to the gap in income and poverty for women. Gender inequality and women's empowerment have, therefore, become one of the 17 pillars of the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030. This chapter, therefore, examines the global performances on gender inequality index (GII) and the Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030, regional performance and the Sustainable Development Goals, the top best performers on gender gap parity versus the worst performers on gender gap parity, and sub-national performances and global rankings. Also, this chapter examines the challenges of achieving gender equality by 2030 along with policy options for achieving gender equality in the year 2030.

Culture and context matter: gender in international business and management

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Eden ◽  
Susan Forquer Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
International Business ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Very High

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue that culture and context (policy and environment) are key factors affecting gender inequalities within and across countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies conceptual and descriptive statistics. Findings The authors found evidence of increasing gender equality in the workplace, but only for rich countries. Gender inequalities persist in the poorest countries, and the gap between rich and poor countries appears to be widening not narrowing. Research limitations/implications This paper demonstrates the need for a comprehensive research program on gender and international business. Practical implications The authors provided useful statistics that could possibly be picked up by newspapers. The paper also highlights the need for a more sustained research program on gender and development. Social implications This paper demonstrates that the public perception of increasing gender equality applies only in very high development (rich) countries. In fact, gender inequality rises as economic development levels decline across countries, and the gap between very high and low countries has widened over the past 15 years. Originality/value The empirical findings with respect to gender inequality across United Nations Development Program country categories over time are, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, novel and original. Relating the gender inequality gap to culture and context highlights the roles that social issues and the environment play in affecting gender inequality across countries and across time.

scholarly journals Gender Matters for the Entrepreneurial Activity: Case of European States

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Kharlamova Ganna ◽  
Stavytskyy Andriy ◽  
Naumova Mariia
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
The World

Abstract The gender inequality is the hot topic for most countries in the world. However, sometimes the talks about the risks and threats are more dramatic than the reality is. The paper aims to test the gender gap in the selected states and to consider the hypothesis that gender matters in entrepreneurial activity. The methodology of the regression and statistical analyses is proposed to access the main hypothesis and to trace the dynamics of the gender indexes and ranks. The preliminary results show that gender affects the level of entrepreneurial activity; besides government support programs and socio-cultural factors have a significant impact as well. The valid results for all states represented positive correlation and dependence between Entrepreneurial Motivation for TEA and Female/Male ratio for all analysed states. We can conclude that the change in the ratio of women and men engaged in entrepreneurial activity in the state (i.e. Poland) will affect the level of business innovation. For example, when the gender structure of entrepreneurs in Poland changes towards the number of women compared to men, the level of innovation of products and services will increase, or vice versa.

scholarly journals Gender inequality and national gender gaps in overconfidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249459
Author(s):  
Hayk Amirkhanyan ◽  
Michał Wiktor Krawczyk ◽  
Maciej Wilamowski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Weak Relationship ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Using a large dataset of marathon runners, we estimate country- and gender-specific proxies for overconfidence. Subsequently, we correlate them with a number of indices, including various measures of gender equality. We find that in less gender-equal countries both males and females tend to be more self-confident than in more equal countries. While a substantial gender gap in overconfidence is observed, it only correlates with some sub-indices of gender equality. We conclude that there is likely a weak relationship between OC gender gap and gender inequality.

scholarly journals Gender disparities in top earnings: measurement and facts for Denmark 1980-2013

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels-Jakob Harbo Hansen ◽  
Karl Harmenberg ◽  
Erik Öberg ◽  
Hans Henrik Sievertsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tax Progressivity ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Female Specific

AbstractExtending the work of Atkinson et al. (J. Econ. Inequal. 16, 225–256, 2018), we decompose top-earnings gender disparities into a glass-ceiling coefficient and a top-earnings gender gap. The decomposition uses that both male and female top earnings are Pareto distributed. If interpreting top-earnings gender disparities as caused by a female-specific earnings tax, the top-earnings gender gap and glass-ceiling coefficient measure the tax level and tax progressivity, respectively. Using Danish data on earnings, we show that the top-earnings gender gap and the glass-ceiling coefficient evolve differently across time, the life cycle, and educational groups. In particular, while the top-earnings gender gap has been decreasing in Denmark over the period 1980-2013, the glass-ceiling coefficient has been remarkably stable.

scholarly journals Youth, gender and sexual practices in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Heilborn ◽  
Cristiane da Silva Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Values

Based on a survey developed in three Brazilian state capitals, this paper presents data and interpretations about the sexual practices and management of sexual desire among male and female youth. The findings indicate a close connection between gender and sexuality in modeling individuals' sexual trajectories and subjectivities. There is a higher acceptance of practices formerly considered to be deviant, revealing that sexual morality among youth has acquired a more modern configuration. This paper argues that there is a differentiated modernization of sexual values: gender disparities were detected in the answers of respondents in all social environments. The increasing flexibility of individual trajectories does not necessarily lead to gender equality. The affirmation that the individualizing process coexists with the persistence of traditional gender ideology entails the recognition that men and women's, and different generations' and social segments' modernization paths do not evolve in the same way.

Achieving Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from the Experience of Selected Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
Theresa Moyo ◽  
Rogers Dhliwayo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Despite the progress that has been made towards achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), evidence shows that gender disparities remain persistent in most countries. The aim of the article is to identify lessons from the experiences of those countries which have made considerable progress in bridging the gender gap. More specifically, the article seeks to identify strategies that will enable SSA countries to achieve the gender equality goal in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

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