scholarly journals Conflict of Local People and Larger Mammals - A Case of Chitwan National Park in Central Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Tatwa P Timsina
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Local People ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Sloth Bear

Background: Chitwan National Park which covers 932 km2 lies in the lowlands or inner terai of southern central Nepal. It has 503 rhinoceros, 120 tigers and 40-50 elephants. Wildlife such as leopard, wild dog, sloth bear, gaur, sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, wild pig etc. are also found in this park. The park is facing enormous enroachment from the local people.Objective: The objective of this study is to study the causes of conflicts and find out the ways for park-people management. This study has been designed to reveal the intricate relationship among the large mammals and local people and the resultant conflict.Methodology: The study has applied cross-sectional design and included 100 people. Both the quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used to collect data. Research instruments namely interview, questionnaire and observation were applied for this study.Results: Larger mammals and local people have both positive and negative interactions. Negative interaction or conflict takes place due to the competition between the park and people that are concerned at crop damage, livestock loss and injury to rhino, deer, boar, tiger etc. Regarding the types of crops damaged by the wildlife, mustard, potato, maize, paddy and wheat top the list.Conclusion: In Chitwan National Park, the relation between larger mammals and local people is positive such as promoting tourism and maintaining greenery and negative in some cases such as injury and damage by larger mammals, restrictions on the use of park resources for local people etc. The park-people relationship can be managed by introducing a number of measures which respect the lives of both the local people and wildlife in the park. Both the park authorities and local people should work in coordination so that the benefit from the immeasurable gift of nature could be exploited.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol.1(1) 2014: 99-106

scholarly journals Interaction of Wildlife and People Residing near National Park Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Devendra Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Local People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Adjoining Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Park Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

Interaction is the relationship between organisms for food, shelter and other needs. It may be positive or negative. There is strong interaction between wildlife and local people particularly at the national park and its adjoining area. Local people are responsible for a number of problems related to protected area management. The objective of this study was to assess the causes of interactions and find out the ways for park-people management. This study has been designed to reveal the intricate relationship among the wildlife and local people. The study applied cross-sectional design and used quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data. Research instruments namely interview, questionnaire and observation were applied for this study. In any National Park in Nepalese context relation between wildlife and local people is positive and negative. Wildlife helps in promoting and maintaining greenery. It also helps in promoting tourism in the area. Journal of Advanced Academic Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2016, Page :100-104

scholarly journals First photographic evidence of Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus Bennett, 1833 and Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa Griffith, 1821 (Carnivora: Felidae) in Parsa National Park, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13497-13501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Poudel ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Santosh Bhattarai ◽  
Dipendra Adhikari ◽  
Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Clouded Leopard ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Neofelis Nebulosa ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Wild Cats

Twelve cat species were recorded in Nepal including the largest, Tiger Panthera tigris, and the smallest, Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus.  There is more research on the Panthera species than on small wild cats; consequently, the conservation status, distribution, and ecology of small cat species are poorly known.  In this article, we report on the first photographic evidence of Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa and Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus in Parsa National Park in southern central Nepal during a camera trap survey targeted at the tiger between 2014 and 2016.  There were only single detections of each species; this does not give enough information to establish distribution or conservation status of either of the species in Parsa National Park.  Further targeted surveys are needed to establish the significance of this protected area for the conservation of these two species.

scholarly journals Common Birds of Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Parveen Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
South Central ◽  
Tropical Vegetation ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Common Birds ◽  
Very High

 This research paper gives checklist of common birds of Chitwan National Park, which is a wild-life protected area in south-central Nepal. It covers tropical and sub-tropical vegetation. It is first protected area and includes 932 sq. km. Common birds observed are about 170 belonging to 48 Avian families during 2013-2014. Present investigator has very minutely observed birds in habitat conditions. Bird species were recognized by very high binocular. Birds were thoroughly studied from point of view of Taxonomy. Machans were also erected for observing birds.

scholarly journals Distribution and Habitat Preference of Sloth Bear in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Dinesh Ghimire ◽  
Tej Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Sal Forest ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Effective Conservation

Effective conservation of Sloth bear requires detailed information regarding their distribution and habitat use. This study attempted to generate baseline data on distribution and habitat preference of Sloth Bear in Chitwan National Park, Nepal during March–May 2012. The study area was divided into 74 grids each measuring 16 Km2. Of the total grids, 35 were randomly selected for occupancy sampling. A total of 288 spatial replicates were sampled in 35 different grids recording 87 direct or indirect evidences of Sloth bear. Among them, 50 diggings, 25 scats, four scrapes with live animals in eight points were detected in four different habitat types of the Park. The variance to mean ratio showed clumped distribution of Sloth bear. The RPI values revealed that the mixed forest was found to be most preferred (RPI = 0.42) by Sloth Bear followed by grassland (RPI = 0.21). Riverine forest and Sal forest were less preferred (RPI = -0.25 and -0.11 respectively) but not avoided. Distribution of Sloth bear was influenced by distance to nearest water sources, distance to road and altitude. Similarly, disturbances like human activities, presence of cattle and fi re were found to affect the distribution of Sloth bear.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 9-17

scholarly journals Habitat occupancy of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Paudel ◽  
Rabin Kadariya ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Naresh Subedi ◽  
Mariko Sashika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Habitat Occupancy ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Conservation Threats

Mammals around the world face serious threats and experience massive decline in their populations and geographic ranges. The sloth bear has become extinct from two of five range countries and the existing population face serious conservation threats. Despite being endangered in Nepal, decades of conservation obliviousness have hindered their conservation and management. We assessed the distribution and habitat use by sloth bears in relation to landscape, environmental, and anthropogenic factors in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We conducted a sign survey from March-June 2020 in 4*4 km2 grids (n=45) in a checkerboard approach. An observation was spatially replicated four times by recording information in four continuous search trails of 1 km each. We recorded presence/absence of sloth bears, termites, fruits and disturbance in the field and extracted information on tree cover, terrain ruggedness and vegetation index from remotely sensed image of the study area. The data was analyzed using single species-single season occupancy method in PRESENCE software. By using repeated observations these models account for imperfect detectability of species to provide robust estimates of species occupancy. Averaged habitat occupancy estimate obtained from the best models was Ѱ = 0.53 ± 0.04SE with detection probability p = 0.44 ± 0.1SE. Selection of variable based on summed AIC weight from the top models (AIC<2) showed that presence of termites (ƩWi=0.66) significantly influenced sloth bear habitat occupancy. Habitat occupancy was positively influenced by termites followed by fruits, disturbance, terrain ruggedness and vegetation productivity, whereas, it was negatively influenced by tree cover. We suggest that future conservation interventions and action plans aimed at sloth bear management must adequately consider these requirements and issues.

A Buffer Zone for Biodiversity Conservation: Viability of the Concept in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Nepal ◽  
Karl E. Weber
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Chitwan National Park

A buffer zone for RCNP is considered an effective means to mitigate and contain the Park–local people conflict. Its creation adjacent to the National Park will enable local people to engage in multiple-use activities that will provide benefits not only to themselves but protect the Park's integrity as well. Except for the much-degraded Barandabar Forest, the other small parcels of forest that exist around the Royal Chitwan National Park are highly inadequate to provide additional wildlife protection and environmental conservation. RCNP does not have any area that, to date, is exclusively designated as a buffer zone. The Barandabar Forest is still envisaged as an additional protection to the Park, although continual grazing, lopping of branches and twigs from trees, and timber extraction, by the local people, have extensively diminished its biological values.

scholarly journals Human-elephant conflict in the buffer zone of Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Deepa Dangol ◽  
Anuj Ghimire ◽  
Salina Banskota Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Elephant Conservation ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

The interaction between human and wildlife sharing same resources often result negative outcomes and are referred as the human wildlife conflict which affects not only humans but also the wild species. Such conflicts, especially from the mega-herbivores such as elephants has become one of the major management challenges for the Chitwan National Park (CNP), Nepal. Spatial and temporal patterns of human elephant conflict (HEC) in the buffer zone of CNP were analyzed using park data and questionnaire survey conducted among three hundred and ninety residents of thirteen buffer zone user committees (BZUC) within Chitwan district from October 2016 to May 2017. Five hundred and forty-three HEC incidents including three human deaths and two human injuries were reported in BZUC from January 2013 to April 2017. Crop damage was found to be the most common type of damage caused by elephants and were higher during post-monsoon. Property damage incidents were higher during the winter season. There was a negative association between the number of HEC incidents and distance from the forest edge of the national park. However, no significant relation of HEC incidents was observed with average monthly temperature and rainfall. Despite of increasing HEC incidents, majority of people (77%) had positive attitude towards elephant conservation and considered elephants as nation’s treasure.

scholarly journals Feeding Ecology of Sloth Bears in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Khanal ◽  
Tej B. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
And Behavior

Food habits of a species influences habitat use, ranging pattern and behavior. Seasonal diet composition of Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal was determined from 143 scats. Through macroscopic and microscopic analysis of scats; six types of plants, termites, ants, honey bees, wax, as well as mammalian hairs were identified. Although variation was observed, there was no significant difference in the diet composition in two different seasons. Overall, insects dominated the composition, occurring in 100% of the scats followed by the plants (39.16%) and mammalian hair (3.49%). Termites and ants were the major and stable dietary components. Termites (90%), Red ants (65%) and Aegle marmelos (35%) were important food for Sloth bear in summer season but the utilization of plants was very low. During winter, insects were heavily utilized by the bear. The utilization of termites (93.97%) and Ziziphus sp. (14.45%) was higher in comparison with summer season. Utilization of fruits in summer was negligible. By and large, on percent dry weight basis, insects (78.98%) dominated Sloth bear diet, followed by plants (20.99%) and mammalian hairs (0.04%).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 118-122

scholarly journals Human-Elephant Conflict Around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park in Gabon: Socioeconomic Changes and Effects of Conservation Projects on Local Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 194008292110267
Author(s):  
Saeko Terada ◽  
Christian Mikolo Yobo ◽  
Guy-Max Moussavou ◽  
Naoki Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Local People ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Local Tolerance ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Conservation Projects

Human-elephant conflict (HEC) poses a serious problem in Africa for both local livelihoods and elephant conservation. Elephant damage is the price local people pay for coexisting with this species, and is assumed to reduce tolerance for elephants. However, conservation-related projects, through the benefits they offer may enhance local tolerance toward elephants. This study aimed to examine how crop damage by elephants and the benefits gained from conservation activities affect local people’s tolerance toward elephants around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park in southwest Gabon based on long-term ethnographic research and interview surveys in two periods (2010 and 2019). Based on the results, crop damage by elephants had a significant negative impact on the local social economy, leading to a decrease in human population in the area and making local people highly resentful of elephants. However, in one of the villages where employment from research and conservation activities was concentrated, many acknowledged the benefits associated with wildlife and expressed high tolerance for elephants. These findings suggest that benefits from conservation activities can increase tolerance toward elephants, which is negatively affected by the crop damage they cause. However, it should also be noted that externally generated projects have limitations and drawbacks. It is important to establish a system in which the benefits of conservation are shared widely and distributed appropriately, and wherein income resources are diversified. Multisectoral interventions focusing on local socio-ecological vulnerability are needed to mitigate human-elephant conflict and advance the conservation of African elephants.

scholarly journals Spatial Concentrations of Wildlife Attacks on Humans in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Ruda ◽  
Jaromír Kolejka ◽  
Thakur Silwal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sloth Bear

The study was conducted within and adjacent to Chitwan National Park in Nepal (CNP), where several wildlife species are involved in conflicts with humans. We assessed the spatial relationships between the number of victims/km2 (=victim density or VD) of attack by wildlife (elephant, rhino, wild boar, sloth bear, leopard or tiger) versus landscape features, including both natural habitat type and land use by humans (e.g., nursery, orchard or cultivated). We identified four levels of VD, ranging from <1 V (victim)/4 km2 to >1 V/2 km2 for each land use zone, then tested for correlations at one or more of those VD between each pair of wildlife species across different land use types. Our results high correlation for sloth bear and leopard (r ≈ 0.8), for all species except elephant and wild boar at VD > 1 V/4 km2 (r > 0.9) and for leopard vs. rhinoceros (r = 0.99) across land use types at 1 V/4 km2) indicate some risk-reduction measures. One of them would be division of each buffer zone into three concentric rings, for instance ranging from high-risk adjacent areas to areas of high use by humans, to low-risk where human use is low. This revision would facilitate giving local people more voice in implementing conservation measures and reducing risks.

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