scholarly journals Knowledge and Perception Regarding Hypertension among Hypertensive Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Sabita Pandey Bashyal ◽  
Narbada Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Hypertension has a great impact on cardiovascular disease and death all over the world. Low and middle-income countries including Nepal are facing higher disease burden because of complications arise from uncontrolled hypertension. Patient’s knowledge and perception play an important role for the proper management of hypertension. There are limited studies related to knowledge and perception of hypertension, therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of hypertension among hypertensive patients at a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Methods: This is a hospital based, mixed-method, cross-sectional study which was conducted among 400 hypertensive patients in the outpatient department of Sahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. Patients who were diagnosed as hypertensive at least 6 months before were selected by simple random sampling technique and were interviewed using semi- structured questionnaire, and interview schedule from March to May 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.    Results: The mean age of the respondents was 58.86 ±11.07 years and nearly half (47.8%) of them were in the age group of 60 years and above. More than half, (58%) were male, 77.8% were overweight, about half of them had a significant family history of hypertension with first degree relatives. Regarding the knowledge, the total mean score was 16.16±3.032 and had significant difference with age (p= 0.002), gender (p=.000), education (p=0.002), occupation (p=0.000), and duration of HTN diagnosis (p=0.000). Majority of them perceived hypertension as less serious illness and had significant difference with education level (p=0.001) and duration of HTN diagnosis (p=0.000). Conclusions: Majority of participants had inadequate knowledge of hypertension and they perceived hypertension as less severe illness which might hinder the adherence to treatment recommendations. Hence, mass awareness program strategies might be helpful to increase hypertension related knowledge and perception.

scholarly journals Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽  
Rakina Bhansakarya ◽  
Sajjan Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

scholarly journals Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Andhra Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Bonu Naga Raju ◽  
Ganesh Shanmugasundaram Anusuya ◽  
V. Hari Lakshmi ◽  
Casper Johnson ◽  
Ezhil Radhakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: An important factor to effectiveness of ART is good adherence to treatment. This study aims to investigate the adherence levels to ART among people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending a Government ART centre in Anakapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 1000 adult PLHIV receiving ART. Out of nearly 4500 patients on ART we selected 1000 patients by simple random sampling technique. The average of adherence for a period of 2 years and socio demographic details were taken from the patients treatment card. Chi square test was performed to find out significant difference between the socio-demographic variables and adherence level < 95%.Results: Out of 1000 patients, 53.9% were male. 42.2% were in age group 31 to 40 years. 50.1 % had adherence >95%. Major factors influencing poor adherence were: decrease in weight (OR=18.65, p=0.000); decrease in CD4 counts (OR=20.12, p=0.000), presence of opportunistic infections (OR=12.67, p=0.000), WHO stage 3 and 4 illness (OR=6.50, p=0.000), travel distance to ART >50 kilometres (OR=1.94, p=0.000), smoker (OR=1.82, p=0.000),being illiterate (OR=1.72, p=0.000), and alcohol consumption (OR=1.58, p=0.001).Conclusions: Careful monitoring of weight, CD4 counts and opportunistic infections can help to identify poor adherence early.

Self perceived oro-facial behaviour and malocclusion among young adults in Hyderabad city

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasari Tejaswini ◽  
Suhas Kulkarni ◽  
Dolar Doshi ◽  
Adepu Srilatha
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAesthetic alterations in the face can be self-perceived and can affect quality of life in young adults.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of malocclusion on self- perceived oro-facial behaviour among young adults.MethodsA Cross sectional study was conducted among 638 young adults (aged 18–21 years) of Hyderabad city. One college from each of the five zones of the Hyderabad city (five colleges) were selected by simple random sampling procedure. A 21-item Oro-facial investment scale (OFIS) questionnaire assessing self-perceived oral health knowledge, attitude, practice and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) assessing the severity of malocclusion was used. Data were analysed with standard statistical software (SPSS, Statistical package for the social sciences, version 20.0). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMales had higher mean scores for knowledge (2.90 ± 0.49) than females (2.73 ± 0.82) and was statistically significant (p = 0.002*). No statistically significant gender differences were found in relation to attitude and practice. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference in all the three scores (knowledge, attitude, practice) with respect to age, with significantly high score for knowledge and practice among 18 year old subjects (p = 0.0001*; p = 0.0003* respectively) and attitude among 21 year old subjects (p = 0.0049*). No statistically significant age, gender differences were found in relation to DAI scores. Upon correlation, DAI significantly and positively correlated with knowledge (p = 0.03*) and attitude (p = 0.0001*).ConclusionThis study has shown significant impact of malocclusion on the self-perceived oro-facial behaviour.

Sonographic Assessment of Renal Volume in Normotensive Pregnant Women and Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Enugu Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110210
Author(s):  
Idigo Felicitas Ugochinyere ◽  
Nwankwo Sylvia Chiamaka ◽  
Abonyi Everistus Obinna ◽  
Anakwue Angel-Mary Chukwunyelu ◽  
Agbo Julius Amechi
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Renal Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Objective: Renal volume (RV) assessment during obstetric sonography is rarely considered in our locality. Understanding the changes in RV in both normotensive pregnant (NP) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) women is important in making correct diagnosis regarding pregnancy outcome. This study is aimed at determining the RV in NP and PIH women and correlating RV with fetal gestational age (FGA), body mass index (BMI), and parity in NP women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 450 patients recruited at a Tertiary Hospital. A pilot study was done to determine the interobserver variability in RV measurement. RV was calculated using the following formula: L × W × AP × 0.523. Parity, BMI, and blood pressure were documented, while FGA was calculated as an average of FGAs obtained from the measurements of fetal biometric parameters. Results: Mean RV of PIH women was significantly higher than that of NP women ( P < .05). RV shows a positive significant relationship with BMI and FGA, while it shows a negative relationship with parity in NP ( P < .05). Conclusion: Reference range values of RV were generated for clinical use in our locality, while there is statistically significant difference between RV in NP and PIH women.

scholarly journals Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariku Gebre Haile ◽  
Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda ◽  
Abdella Amano Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background. In many studies, compliance with standard precautions among healthcare workers was reported to be inadequate.Objective.The aim of this study was to assess compliance with standard precautions and associated factors among healthcare workers in northwest Ethiopia.Methods.An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to April 30, 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were entered into Epi info 3.5.1 and were exported to SPSS version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Results.The proportion of healthcare workers who always comply with standard precautions was found to be 12%. Being a female healthcare worker (AOR [95% CI] 2.18 [1.12–4.23]), higher infection risk perception (AOR [95% CI] 3.46 [1.67–7.18]), training on standard precautions (AOR [95% CI] 2.90 [1.20–7.02]), accessibility of personal protective equipment (AOR [95% CI] 2.87 [1.41–5.86]), and management support (AOR [95% CI] 2.23 [1.11–4.53]) were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion and Recommendation.Compliance with standard precautions among the healthcare workers is very low. Interventions which include training of healthcare workers on standard precautions and consistent management support are recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of patients waiting and service times in the ophthalmology clinic of a public tertiary hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Lateefat B. Olokoba ◽  
Kabir A. Durowade ◽  
Feyi G. Adepoju ◽  
Abdulfatai B. Olokoba
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Service Times

Introduction: Long waiting time in the out-patient clinic is a major cause of dissatisfaction in Eye care services. This study aimed to assess patients’ waiting and service times in the out-patient Ophthalmology clinic of UITH. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in March and April 2019. A multi-staged sampling technique was used. A timing chart was used to record the time in and out of each service station. An experience based exit survey form was used to assess patients’ experience at the clinic. The frequency and mean of variables were generated. Student t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to establish the association and relationship between the total clinic, service, waiting, and clinic arrival times. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethical Review Board of the UITH. Result: Two hundred and twenty-six patients were sampled. The mean total waiting time was 180.3± 84.3 minutes, while the mean total service time was 63.3±52.0 minutes. Patient’s average total clinic time was 243.7±93.6 minutes. Patients’ total clinic time was determined by the patients’ clinic status and clinic arrival time. Majority of the patients (46.5%) described the time spent in the clinic as long but more than half (53.0%) expressed satisfaction at the total time spent at the clinic. Conclusion: Patients’ clinic and waiting times were long, however, patients expressed satisfaction with the clinic times.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anxiety disorder among workers with cancer in Amman, Jordan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Rahman Aref Ali Abu Shreea ◽  
Lee Khuan ◽  
Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail ◽  
Nasrudin Subhi ◽  
Sobuh (Moh’d Sobhi) Ahmad Abu-Shanab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIntroductionCancer is now being recognised as a long term conditions due to advances in treatments that increase the survival rate of patients with cancer to as long as 10 years from the time of the disease. Anxiety is among the commonly discovered psychiatric illness in patients with cancer and is often neglected. Approximately 10% of patients with cancer are affected with anxiety worldwide. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its associated factors among workers with cancer in Jordanian population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Husain Cancer Centre (KHCC) in Amman, Jordan. Proportional sampling technique was used to obtain the sample population of 355 workers with cancer. Data were collected through self-administered Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire and analyses were carried out using SPSS version 25.ResultsResponse rate of 100% were obtained from the participants. Prevalence of anxiety disorder among workers with cancer was recorded at 20.8% with male (23.1%) having the higher prevalence rate than female (17.3%) workers with cancers. A significant difference in anxiety between marital status (p=0.025), types of cancer (p=0.001), treatment types (p=0.024) were observed. A multiple regression was run to predict anxiety disorder from marital status, type of cancer and treatment types. These variables statistically significantly predicted anxiety disorder [F(3, 351) = 8.117, p < .001, R2 = 0.225].ConclusionThere is high prevalent of anxiety disorder among workers with cancer in Jordan. Predictors of anxiety among workers with cancer were also identified in this report.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge regarding Nipah virus infection among physicians in a selected tertiary hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5771
Author(s):  
Shajeda Azizi ◽  
Khursheda Akhtar ◽  
Shahidullah Azizi ◽  
M. Kariul Islam ◽  
Sajidul Huq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Right

Background: Human Nipah virus (NiV) infection is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the NiV resulting in severe illness in humans. The physicians can represent a lead role in disease prevention if they have the right knowledge regarding disease. This study aimed to state the assessment of knowledge regarding NiV infection among physicians in a selected tertiary hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 211 physicians in Rangpur Medical College and Hospital by pretested structured questionnaire, from January 2020 to December 2020, using a convenient sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews.Results: The majority of the respondents (69%) were within the 21 to 25 years of age group, mean age was 25±2.9 years where 54% of respondents were female. A questionnaire was comprised of 87 questions regarding knowledge on NiV infection. The findings revealed that 19% had good knowledge, 50% had fair and about 31% had poor level of knowledge regarding NiV infection. Among the respondents, 83% mentioned lack of awareness as a barrier regarding the prevention of NiV infection. Inferential statistics were done at a 95% confidence interval and 5% level of significance. Those who were aged between 21 to 25 years had significantly good knowledge than those who were more than 26 years of age (p=0.002).Conclusions: This study concludes that knowledge of the physicians on NiV infection was at a fair or average level. There is a dire need for the routine integration of the awareness and safety precaution practice among the physicians.

scholarly journals Study on Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Afar National Regional State, Afar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wossene Negash ◽  
Teshager Dubie
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Afar Region ◽  
Sterile Needle

Bovine brucellosis is among the top five diseases primarily threatening both public health and livestock economy. Available data are limited to central and highland areas of the country leaving documented literature on the disease in cattle to be found hardly in pastoral and agropastoral regions of the country. As a result, the magnitude and extent of the disease remained to be investigated. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on local Afar cattle aged six months and above from February 2017 to January 2019 in selected districts of Afar region. Technically, study districts and kebeles were selected purposively whereas simple random sampling technique was applied to select cattle owners and individual animals for sample collection. An average of 8 ml whole blood was drawn of jugular vein into plain vacutainer tube using sterile needle. Using Thrusfield formula, a total of 420 blood samples were collected. The sera were tested by RBPT and CFT tests for detection of Brucella antibodies. Data were analyzed using Stata v14.0. Of the 420 sera tested by RBPT, 50 were positive for Brucella antibodies providing an overall animal level prevalence of 11.9% and those RBPT positive sera were further retested by specific and sensitive confirmatory CFT test and 24 of the retested samples had come positive for the disease providing an overall individual animal seroprevalence of 5.7% over the three districts. Of the 3 associated factors (sex, age, and district) considered, only sex had significantly associated ( P < 0.05 : 0.036 ) with the disease. To estimate the strength of sex impact, odds ratio was generated using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with 95% CI and P < 0.05 providing OR of 2.484 (1.061–5.815) and 2.514 (1.041–6.07), respectively. Hence, the computations revealed that male cattle were 2.484 and 2.514 times more likely at higher risk for the disease as compared to their female counterparts.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Dental Implants among Dental Interns in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Khaled Alzahrani ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Alnafisah ◽  
Khalid Gohormallah Alzahrani ◽  
Khalid Ghalib Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of dental implants among dental interns in Saudi Arabia Materials and Methods: A self-designed, close-ended questionnaire was distributed among 205 interns chosen by stratified random sampling technique. The questionnaire consisted of 28 items pertaining to demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices of dental implants. Responses were coded and entered into spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel 16.0.) and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Version 22.0) and contingency tables and chi-square test (χ2). Results: The majority of the participants were males (64.4%), between 24-26 years of age (64%) and had a GPA between 4-5 (63.4%). The majority of the participants gained knowledge of dental implants through theoretical lectures (98.5%), and most of them (80%) knew, what material, an implant was made up of. Almost all participants (91.7%) knew that dental implants had surface modifications. Most (64.4%) believed that case selection is the most important criteria for the success of dental implant therapy, and this differed significantly among participants with respect to GPA (p=0.03). Many participants (60%) believed that the most important advantage of dental implants over fixed prosthesis is that reduction of adjacent tooth is not needed, and this differed significantly between males and females (p=0.026). There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between males and females when it came to confidence in independently restoring teeth using dental implants. 63% of the participants were confident to use dental implants in their future practice. Conclusion: Knowledge of dental implants among dental interns is satisfactory, but this study reveals that participants lack practical experience and would like to acquire more clinical skills. Limitations: The response rate of participants from each university was low, which made comparisons between different universities difficult because sample size from some universities was very small, which could not produce statistically accurate results.

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