scholarly journals Field assessment of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes against major insect pests in subtropical region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Saraswati Neupane ◽  
Subash Subedi ◽  
Rajendra Darai ◽  
Trista Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
National Recommendation ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Direct damage due to insect pests is one of the major causes limiting the yield potential of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) in Nepal. A total of 17 blackgram genotypes were screened for resistance to major insect pests, including aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.), whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), hairy caterpillar (Spilosoma obliqua Walker) and pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) in National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan during summer season of 2018 and 2019. The design of the experiment was randomized complete block having three replications. Genotypes were sown on first week of August in a unit plot size of 4 rows of 2 m long with 40 cm row to row spacing and continue plant to plant spacing was maintained and net harvested plot was 3.2 square meters. The recommended dose of fertilizer was 20:40:20 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha and seed rate 25 kg/ha. The package of agronomic practices was followed as per national recommendation. Data on insects were collected by counting the number of insects per plant. The yield and yield components were recorded at harvest. All screened genotypes differed significantly (p<0.05) for insect population, yield and yield components. From two years field data, three genotypes BLG0069-1, BLG0036-1 and BLG0079-1 had lower number of above mentioned insect populations, exhibited more resistant in both years and produced higher grain yield (~1.5 t/ha) than other genotypes. These genotypes might be useful for the development of major insect pest tolerant high yielding blackgram variety in subtropical region of Nepal.

scholarly journals Diversity of Insect Pests and Ecofriendly Fauna Inhabiting Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Agro-Ecosystem in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Hari Prakash Namdev Ram Subhag Singh
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

An experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Brahmanand Post Graduate College, Rath, Hamirpur (U.P.) during 2016-17 and 2019-20 cropping season. In the Bundelkhand agro climatic region seventeen species of insect belonging to seven orders and twelve families were recorded from chickpea agro ecosystem. Among which six species from Lepidoptera, four species from hymenoptera, two species from coleoptera and odonata and one species from hemiptera, isoptera, and dyctyoptera were identified. On the basis of economic importance nine species were insect pests, five species were predators, two species were insect parasitoids and one species was insect pollinator. Among the nine species of insect pests, chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. and gram cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon (Huf.) occurred regularly and chickpea pod borer was designated as a major pest while, gram cut worm infested with very low population density and considered as minor insect pest of chickpea. The five species of insect pest occurred occasionally i.e. armyworm, Mythmina separate (walker), tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab), cow pea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch), termite, Odentotermes obesus (Rambur) and black flea beetle, Altica Species (unidentified species) were designated as minor pest of chickpea. While, two species namely, Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua (Walker) and beet armyworm, Spodoptera oxiqua (Hub) occurred intermittently in sporadic manner and designated as stray pest of chickpea. The eight species of insect’s ecofriendly fauna inhabiting chickpea agro ecosystem were observed, among which five species of predators, two species of parasitoids and one species of pollinators foraged on chickpea crop occasionally in very low population density. The maximum number of ecofriendly fauna was of the order hymenoptera, two species of parasitoids, one species of predators and pollinator i.e. Trichogrammatid wasp, Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii), ichneumonid wasp, Campoletis chloridae (Uchida), common yellow wasp, Vespa oreintalis (L.) and small honeybee, Apis floraea followed by odonata i.e. dragonfly, Croccothemis servielia (Drury) and damsel fly, Agriocnemis pygmiea (Rambur), coleoptera, rove beetle, Alleochara billienata and dyctyoptera, praying mantis, Mantis religiosa (L.).

scholarly journals Penampilan Fenotipik Karakter Hasil Galur Harapan Padi Rawa di Lahan Pasang Surut Karang Agung, Sumatera Selatan

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rini Hermanasari ◽  
NFN Supartopo ◽  
B. Kustianto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

<p>Phenotypic Performance of Yield and Yield Component of Rice Promising Lines at Tidal Swamp Area in Karang Agung, South Sumatra. An experiment was conducted in Karang Agung, in April until September 2007. The experiment aimed at evaluating phenotypic performance of yield and yield components of promising lines in tidal swamp rice field. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 16 treatments and four replications. The promising lines tested were B9858-KA-55, B9833C-KA-14, B9852E-KA-66, B5524G-SM-61-2-1, B7003D-MR-24-3-1, KAL9414F-MR-2-KN-0, KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0, B10214FTB- 7-2-3, IR70213-9-CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, IR70215-2- CPA-2-1-B-1-2. The check varieties used were IR42, Batanghari and Lembu Sawah. The results of this experiment showed that IR61242-3B-B-2 had better performance among varieties and promising lines tested, as well as giving the highest yield potential. Meanwhile, the line B10214F-TB-7-2- 3 had better performance of number of filled grain, and 1.000 grain weight. It also showed higher yield potential compared to IR42 and Batanghari. The line KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0 had better performance of plant height, 1.000 weight grain and harvest age, but showed lower yield potential compared to those other check varieties.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP Karang Agung, Sumatera Selatan pada bulan April sampai September 2007. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penampilan fenotipik karakter hasil dan komponen hasil dari galur-galur harapan padi rawa di lahan pasang surut Karang Agung. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 16 perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Galur-galur yang diuji di antaranya B9858-KA-55, B9833C-KA-14, B9852E-KA-66, B5524GSM- 61-2-1, B7003D-MR-24-3-1, KAL9414F-MR-2-KN-0, KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0, B10214F-TB-7-2-3, IR70213-9- CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, dan IR70215-2-CPA-2-1-B-1-2. Varietas pembanding digunakan IR42, Batanghari, dan Lembu Sawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur IR61242- 3B-B-2 memiliki penampilan lebih baik dari varietas pembanding untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah gabah isi, bobot 1.000 butir gabah, dan potensi hasil. Galur B10214F-TB-7-2-3 memberikan penampilan lebih baik untuk karakter jumlah gabah isi, bobot 1.000 butir, dan potensi hasil lebih tinggi daripada pembanding IR42 dan Batanghari. Galur KAL9418F-MR- 2-KN-0 memiliki penampilan lebih baik untuk karakter bobot 1.000 butir, tinggi tanaman, dan umur panen, tetapi potensi hasilnya lebih rendah dari ketiga varietas pembanding.</p>

Insect Pests and Yield Potential of Vegetable Soybean (Edamame) Produced in Georgia

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
W. C. Johnson ◽  
E. G. Fonsah ◽  
P. M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Green Seed ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Seed Yields

A series of replicated field experiments was conducted with vegetable soybean (edamame), Glycine max (L.) Merrill, to assess the impacts of cultivars, planting dates, and insecticidal controls on insect pest abundance, crop damage and yield potential. The velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, was the most common lepidopteran defoliator in this study, causing heavy defoliation in some years when left untreated. Other lepidopterans observed included the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and the green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.). Stink bugs, primarily the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), also caused seed damage in some cultivars when left untreated. Stink bug damage exceeded expectations on edamame seeds when exposed to moderate stink bug densities (≤3 bugs per 25 sweeps). Other arthropods that were commonly observed included threecornered alfalfa hoppers, Spissistilus festinus (Say), grasshoppers, Melanoplus spp., and the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Arthropod infestations on edamame were similar to reported pest problems on conventional soybeans being produced for oil and meal. Midseason applications of the insecticides diflubenzuron plus l-cyhalothrin reduced insect pest populations, percentage of arthropod-induced defoliation and percentage of seeds damaged by stink bugs, but had little effect on edamame yields. Most defoliation and seed damage occurred during R5 development when seeds were approaching full size, thus only minimal yield reductions were noted. However, seed quality of the untreated vegetable soybeans would be unacceptable for the consumer. Total fresh green yields ranged from 2343–11,895 kg ha−1, depending on year, cultivar and planting date, whereas fresh green seed yields ranged from 1208–6,119 kg ha−1. Early-maturing edamame cultivars planted in April had fewer insect pests and less damage than the cultivars planted later. Avoidance of insect pests is an important production consideration for insect management, especially critical in an organic production system. The fresh green seed yields produced during this study demonstrate that this emerging alternative crop has the potential for economic success in the southern region, assuming that the arthropod pests are effectively managed to maintain acceptable edamame quality and yield.

Yield Potential of Heterozygous Seedling Lethal Mutants of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe effects of homozygous and heterozygous loci of 20 seedling lethal mutants on yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were studied. Nine of the 20 populations studied exhibited one locus heterosis (positive or negative advantages of Aa genotype compared with AA genotype) for yield per plant or one or more components of yield. In five instances of significance all showed positive single locus (Aa) heterosis for number of seeds per spike. Seedling lethal mutants, Ac ac and Alb,, p alb,, p showed three yield-component-heterosis. These two mutants might be suitable for hybrid barley production.

scholarly journals Potentiality of Some Egyptan Cotton Varieties under Drought Stress Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
M. D. H. Dewdar
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

This study aimed to investigate the performance of three cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) genotypes as affected by drought stress at three irrigation regimes; 14 (S-0), 21(S-1) and 28 (S-2) days that were started after the first irrigation. To achieve this goal, a field experiment was conducted as split block design at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, El-Fayoum Univ. The results indicated that the irrigation regimes mean squares of combined data were highly significant for earliness traits, also as well as yield and yield components.  Most of fiber properties were not affected by water stress conditions. Significant differences were found among the non- stress (S-0) and the stress treatments (S-1 and S-2) for mean performances of the three earliness traits. Treatment S-2 led to significant decrease in yield and yield components compared to S-0. The results showed that Giza 85 variety gave the highest fiber length, fiber strength and was finer cultivars having the lower micronaire values. The interaction between genotypes and stress treatments was significant for most traits.G1,G2 and G3 cotton varieties  exhibited highest seed cotton yield kg ha-1 (yield potential) in the non- stress treatment (S-0).  Giza 90 variety outyielded the other two varieties under stress treatment (S-2) compared to those of Giza 85 and Giza 83. The superiority of Giza 90 variety could be attributed to its high yield components., while Giza 90 was relatively stress susceptible and similar trend of those obtained using data of relative productivity (%) which confirm that the genotype Giza 83 and Giza 85 are more drought tolerance and could be used as sources of drought stress tolerance in breeding programs and tolerance to water stress conditions.

Evaluation of IPM module against major insect pests of green gram, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Suprava Malik ◽  
Amitava Banerjee ◽  
A. Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of integrated management practices over farmers’ practices against insect pest complex of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) during kharif season in the ‘A-B’ Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya in 2019. The results revealed that the incidence of all of the insect pests viz. whitefly, pulse aphid, jassid, flower thrips, gram pod borer, spotted pod borer, blue butterfly, plant bug and pod bug was recorded comparatively less in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plot as compared to farmers’ practices. The seed yield of green gram was also recorded a higher (1382.22 kg ha-1) in plots treated with integrated approaches as compared to farmer’s practices (476.94 kg ha-1). IPM module recorded maximum cost benefit ratio along with higher gross return and net profit as against farmers’ practices.

scholarly journals The spatial genetic differentiation of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations in West Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Agunbiade ◽  
B.S. Coates ◽  
K.S. Kim ◽  
D. Forgacs ◽  
V.M. Margam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Global Estimate ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Legume Pod Borer

AbstractThe legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, is an endemic insect pest that causes significant yield loss to the cowpea crop in West Africa. The application of population genetic tools is important in the management of insect pests but such data on M. vitrata is lacking. We applied a set of six microsatellite markers to assess the population structure of M. vitrata collected at five sites from Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria. Observed polymorphisms ranged from one (marker 3393) to eight (marker 32008) alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 and 0.0 to 0.6, respectively. Three of the loci in samples from Nigeria and Burkina Faso deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), whereas no loci deviated significantly in samples from Niger. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 67.3% level of the genetic variation was within individuals compared to 17.3% among populations. A global estimate of FST=0.1 (ENA corrected FST=0.1) was significant (P⩽0.05) and corroborated by pairwise FST values that were significant among all possible comparisons. A significant correlation was predicted between genetic divergence and geographic distance between subpopulations (R2=0.6, P=0.04), and cluster analysis by the program STRUCTURE predicted that co-ancestry of genotypes were indicative of three distinct populations. The spatial genetic variance among M. vitrata in West Africa may be due to limited gene flow, south-north seasonal movement pattern or other reproductive barriers. This information is important for the cultural, chemical and biological control strategies for managing M. vitrata.

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