scholarly journals Growth and Persistenceof Common Temperature Pasture Species under Low Light and Low R:FR Ratio

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
R:Fr Ratio ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effects of varied PAR and R:FR ratio on tillering and shoot dry weight production of temperate pasture species were evaluated at Massey University New Zealand using split-plot design with four blocks. The main plots were % transmitted PAR (photosynthetically active radiation; mmoles photons m-2 s-1, 400- 700 nm) and R:FR ratios (red to far red ratios) with 2 x 2 factors of PAR and R: FR, i.e. medium (38 and 39%) and low (16 and 17%) PAR-each with two natural (1.33 and 1.34) and two reduced (0.57 each) R:FR ratios. The treatment combination was such that each low and medium PAR level had a natural and a reduced R:FR ratio. PAR levels with natural R: FR ratio were imposed by differing densities of neutral shade cloth (Sarlon) with a layer of clear filter, while low R:FR ratio was created with the use of a blue filter. Nine pasture cultivars of seven pasture species: Dactylis glomerata L., Grasslands Wana (cocksfoot); Dactylis glomerata L., PG 74 (cocksfoot); Dactylis glomerata L., PG 321 (cocksfoot); Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass); Holcus lanatus L. (Yorkshire fog); Agrostis capillaris (browntop); Poa trivialis; Trifolium repens L. (white clover), and Lotus uliginosus (lotus) were grown in pots as subplots with four replicate blocks. Six plants were maintained per pot. Plants were harvested at 61 days after imposing shade. There was no effect of R:FR ratio (P>0.05) on the shoot dry weight per plant, however, significant differences (P<0.05) for PAR, species, and interaction of PAR, species for shoot dry weight was observed. At low PAR, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata (Wana) and Holcus lanatus had the highest and similar yields, whereas the yield of white clover and lotus were similar and less than for all the grass species. Effects of PAR as well as R:FR were significant (P<0.001) for total tillers per plant in the shade. Poa trivialis, Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne had the highest number of tillers/plant at the low PAR and low R:FR, but did not contribute to higher shoot dry weight at the low PAR, mainly due to their low weight per tiller. Likewise, SLA was significantly (P<0.01) increased by low PAR but not by low R:FR. Lotus produced a higher (P<0.001) number of branches at the low PAR than white clover. Comparatively better performance of cocksfoot, especially at low PAR, was mainly due to the ability to produce higher leaf area, higher SLA, and more tillers per plant. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of PAR and R:FR on the yield and yield components with respect to the attributes of shade tolerant pasture species. Key words: PAR, R:FR ratio, wana cocksfoot, nui perennial ryegrass, shade J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:111-118 (2006)

scholarly journals Productivity of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) alone and associated with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 890-895
Author(s):  
María de los Ángeles Maldonado Peralta ◽  
Adelaido Rafael Rojas García ◽  
Nicolás Torres Salado ◽  
Jerónimo Herrera Pérez ◽  
Santiago Joaquín Cancino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

scholarly journals Comportamiento productivo de pasto ballico perenne solo y asociado con pasto ovillo y trébol blanco

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Sergio Iban Mendoza Pedroza ◽  
Alfonso Hernández Garay ◽  
Adelaido Rafael Rojas García ◽  
Humberto Vaquera Huerta ◽  
Omar Ramírez Reynoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Se evaluó el pasto ballico perenne (Lolium perenne L.) en monocultivo y cuatro asociaciones con pasto ovillo (Dactylis glomerata L.) y trébol blanco (Trifolium repens L.) en diferentes proporciones para maximizar el rendimiento de materia seca. Las proporciones en monocultivo y las asociaciones de ballico perenne, ovillo y trébol blanco fueron: 100:00:00, 70:20:10, 50:00:50, 40:40:20 y 20:70:10, las cuales se distribuyeron bajo un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento de materia seca, composición botánica y morfológica, relación hoja:tallo y densidad de plantas. La asociación 50:00:50 superó 15% (3 671 kg MS ha-1) a la asociación 70:20:10. El ballico perenne contribuyó más al rendimiento de materia seca en otoño e invierno, mientras que el ovillo y trébol blanco en primavera y verano. Independientemente de la asociación la densidad de plantas fue de 29, 25, 20 y 11 plantas m-2 para otoño, invierno, primavera y verano, respectivamente, con un promedio de pérdida de plantas de 62%. La contribución de cada especie en la composición botánica de las asociaciones fue variable durante el periodo de estudio. Ballico perenne aporto el 46, 40, 29 y 14% en otoño, invierno, primavera y verano, observándose una disminución conforme transcurrió el tiempo de evaluación (p< 0.05). La asociación que obtuvo las mejores características del rendimiento fue 50:00:50% de ballico perenne, pasto ovillo y trébol blanco.

DIFFERENTIAL HOSTS AND NEW HOST RECORDS FOR FIVE GRASS VIRUSES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Slykhuis
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
New Host ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
New Host Records

A number of cereals and other grasses were compared as hosts for different isolates of viruses causing Agropyron mosaic (AMV), wheat streak mosaic (WSMV), barley stripe mosaic (BSMV), ryegrass mosaic (RMV) and orchard grass mosaic (OMV). Lolium multiflorum L. was susceptible to all the viruses. The four varieties of wheat tested were highly susceptible to AMV, WSMV and BSMV, but not to RMV or OMV. Clintland oats was susceptible to WSMV, RMV and OMV but not to AMV or BSMV. Lolium perenne L. and Dactylis glomerata L. were infected by RMV and OMV only, Agropyron repens L. Beauv. by AMV only, and Setaria italica L. Beauv. by BSMV only. Brant and Husky barley were slightly susceptible to AMV, but seven other varieties appeared immune. Unusual host records include the infection of Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb. and one plant of Agropyron smithii Rydb. with WSMV, and the infection of Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. with BSMV. A list of differential hosts is proposed.

Rumen volatile fatty acids on six pasture species and relations with digestibility, voluntary intake and chemical composition

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (67) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Michell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Seasonal Differences

The total concentration and the relative proportions of the volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured in rumens of sheep fed 78 single species pasture samples. The pastures consisted of regrowths of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Grasslands Huia), Manawa regrass (Lolium perenne x multiflorum cv. Grasslands Manawa), Ariki ryegrass (Lolium (multiflorum x perenne) x L. perenne cv. Grasslands Ariki), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Tasmania No. 1) , Currie cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata cv. Currie) and Apanui cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata cv. Grasslands Apanui), cut eight times between May, 1969 and August, 1970. Sheep fed cocksfoot had lower VFA concentrations, higher proportions of acetate (HAc) and lower proportions of butyrate (HBu) than sheep fed white clover and ryegrass (P < 0.05). They also had lower proportions of propionate (HPr) than sheep fed ryegrass (P < 0.05). Sheep fed white clover had higher proportions of valerate (HVa) than those fed the grasses (P < 0.05). There were no significant (P < 0.05) seasonal differences in total VFA concentration but HAc was lowest with spring pasture (P < 0.05) and HBu was lowest with autumn pasture (P < 0.05). Total VFA concentration was positively related to digestibility (DMD) (r = +0.52, P < 0.01) but species differences occurred and at similar DMD, white clover produced higher concentrations than ryegrass (P < 0.05) which produced higher concentrations than cocksfoot (P < 0.01). The overall relation between total VFA and intake (DMI) was weak but seasonal differences occurred and at similar levels of DMI, winter pasture produced higher VFA concentrations than spring-summer pasture (P < 0.01). The proportion of HPr was positively related to VFA concentration (r = +0.53, P < 0.01) and to water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (r = +0.51, P < 0.01) and relations with DMD and DM1 were weak and non-significant (P > 0.05).

The colonization of dung pats and molehills in permanent pastures

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1706-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Community Heterogeneity ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Different Ages

The colonization of areas affected by molehills and dung pats was monitored in three adjacent pastures of different ages. Seedling establishment was infrequent, and most colonization took place by rhizomes, e.g., Agropyron repens and Poa compressa, or by stolons, e.g., Trifolium repens. Tillering species, e.g., Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, and Lolium perenne, were poor colonizers of disturbed areas. Invasion of gaps by a species was not proportional to its abundance in the pasture. Individual plants are eliminated at random by the disturbances. Small-scale disturbances tend to decrease community heterogeneity. Key words: disturbance, colonization, dung, molehill, pasture.

scholarly journals RACECOURSE UNCERTAINTIES-THE PLANTS THAT COVER RACETRACKS

1988 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
T.R. Field ◽  
J.W. Murphy ◽  
A.J. Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Vegetation Surveys ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
High Phosphate

Vegetation surveys were carried out on 10 Central Districts and two northern racetracks. Tracks could be allotted to three groups according to the type of turf cover. classified mainly on the relative importance of ryegrass (Lolium species), Poa (Poa trivialis), browntop (Agrostis capillaris) and white clover (Trifolium repens): Type 1 (3 tracks) had swards consisting of about half Poa, one quarter ryegrass and 20% white clover; Type 2 (2 tracks) had about 30% ryegrass and Poa with substantial browntop, and Type 3 (7 tracks) had higher ryegrass contents (44.75%), intermediate Poa and little browntop. Unlike ryegrass, Poa is very intolerant of heavy wear, and therefore should be unwelcome on racetracks. Data gathered here indicate Poa presence is encouraged by high phosphate applications while ryegrass is stimulated by potassium applications and lower cutting heights. Appropriate fertiliser applications and lower cutting heights should move the botanical composition towards higher ryegrass contents. Keywords: ryegrass, Poa trivialis, browntop, white clover, fertilisers, mowing

scholarly journals Novel approaches to improving growth of pasture legumes at low phosphorus levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
S.N. Nichols ◽  
J.R. Crush
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Strategies to reduce the economic and environmental costs of phosphate (P) fertiliser use in mixed pastures through plant breeding are focussed on inefficiencies in the legume component. One approach is breeding within white clover for root systems with improved P acquisition properties. Selection for root length per unit root weight (specific root length, SRL) showed that higher SRL plants could retain more biomass in the above ground fraction with decreasing soil P, whereas plants with lower SRL diverted more biomass to roots. Back cross 1 (BC1) generation interspecific hybrids between white clover and a wild relative, Trifolium uniflorum L., may possess additional root traits influencing P acquisition. In glasshouse experiments, some T. repens × T. uniflorum hybrids, back-crossed to white clover, also exhibited higher shoot dry weight than their white clover cultivar parents at low nutrient supply levels and low to intermediate soil Olsen P. This, combined with low internal P concentrations, suggests some BC1 hybrids may be more tolerant of low soil P than white clover. Differences in both P acquisition ability and internal P use efficiency may contribute to the observed yield differences. There are good prospects for delivery of new-generation clover cultivars with improved phosphate use efficiency to New Zealand farmers. Keywords: phosphorus, white clover, Trifolium uniflorum, interspecific

scholarly journals Ground Covers Affect Raspberry Yield, Photosynthesis, and Nitrogen Nutrition of Primocanes

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Bowen ◽  
Stan Freyman
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
The Difference

Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) were grown for 5 years with three floor management treatments: clean cultivation (CC) and ground covers of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (WC) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (PR). Primocane growth was strongest with WC and weakest with PR. Fruit production did not differ between WC and CC treatments and was higher than with PR. On 22 Aug. and 10 Sept. in the last year, primocanes grown with WC were taller, had more nodes and a higher dry weight, contained more N, and had retained more leaves than those grown with PR. Net CO2 assimilation per unit leaf area was higher with WC than with PR, and the difference was greater at the more proximal position. The estimated net CO2 assimilation rate per primocane was more than twice as high with WC than with PR.

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