scholarly journals Novel approaches to improving growth of pasture legumes at low phosphorus levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
S.N. Nichols ◽  
J.R. Crush
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Strategies to reduce the economic and environmental costs of phosphate (P) fertiliser use in mixed pastures through plant breeding are focussed on inefficiencies in the legume component. One approach is breeding within white clover for root systems with improved P acquisition properties. Selection for root length per unit root weight (specific root length, SRL) showed that higher SRL plants could retain more biomass in the above ground fraction with decreasing soil P, whereas plants with lower SRL diverted more biomass to roots. Back cross 1 (BC1) generation interspecific hybrids between white clover and a wild relative, Trifolium uniflorum L., may possess additional root traits influencing P acquisition. In glasshouse experiments, some T. repens × T. uniflorum hybrids, back-crossed to white clover, also exhibited higher shoot dry weight than their white clover cultivar parents at low nutrient supply levels and low to intermediate soil Olsen P. This, combined with low internal P concentrations, suggests some BC1 hybrids may be more tolerant of low soil P than white clover. Differences in both P acquisition ability and internal P use efficiency may contribute to the observed yield differences. There are good prospects for delivery of new-generation clover cultivars with improved phosphate use efficiency to New Zealand farmers. Keywords: phosphorus, white clover, Trifolium uniflorum, interspecific

Natural variation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for root traitsand biomass partitioning under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaze A. Sofi ◽  
Iram Saba
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The present study was undertaken to assess the response of common bean under drought in respect of root traits and biomass partitioning in fifteen common bean genotypes. The basal root whorl number and the number of basal roots was highest in case of WB-185 and lowest in case of SR-1, whereas, the basal root growth angle was highest in case of WB-258 and lowest in case of WB-249. Rooting depth measured as the length of longest root harvested was highest in case of WB-6 (66.2) while as lowest value was recorded for WB-112 (20.4). Dry root weight was highest in case of WB-216 (0.45) and lowest value was recorded for WB-341 (0.22). Similarly leaf biomass was highest in case of WB-6 (0.58) followed by WB-216 (0.58) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.12). Shoot dry weight was highest for WB-6 (0.55) followed by WB-216 (0.44) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.118). Pod dry weight was highest for WB-489 (2.28) followed by WB-216 (2.19) and the lowest value recorded for WB-83 (0.68).489. Root biomass proportion was highest for WB-195 (18.34) and lowest for WB-489 (10.00). Similarly leaf biomass to total biomass was highest in case of WB-83 (23.19) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.60). Highest stem biomass proportion was recorded for Arka Anoop (19.19) and the lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.591). Biomass allocation to pods was highest in case of WB-489 (69.92) followed by WB-1186 (68.69) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-83 (45.40).

scholarly journals Differences in Seedling Growth of 23 Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars under Polyethylene Glycol-induced Drought Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Liqi Yang ◽  
Kevin Rue
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Damage

Drought is the most important abiotic stress in crop production including turfgrass management. Using drought tolerant plants can help minimize stress damage. In this study, 23 commercially available cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) were evaluated for their responses to drought stress that was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 in a hydroponic system during the seed germination and seedling growth stage. In such a system, water potential was adjusted to 0.0 (the control), −0.3, and −0.6 MPa to mimic the drought condition. The absolute water content (AWC), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), longest root length (LRL), specific root length (SRL), and root-to-shoot dry weight ratio (RSR) in the plants grown for 4 weeks in the treatment were determined. Results showed that SDW and LRL were unaffected by drought; however, RDW and RSR increased, whereas SRL and AWC were reduced under drought. Among the 23 creeping bentgrass cultivars evaluated, Independence and Crystal Bluelinks had a higher turfgrass performance index (TPI), which represented the number of times a cultivar ranked in the top statistical group across all parameters. The results suggest that ‘Independence’ and ‘Crystal Bluelinks’ may be more adapted to drought than the other cultivars at the seedling stage.

scholarly journals Targeting Low-Phytate Soybean Genotypes Without Compromising Desirable Phosphorus-Acquisition Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireadili Kuerban ◽  
Wenfeng Jiao ◽  
Jiayin Pang ◽  
Jingying Jing ◽  
Li-Juan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Food And Feed

Phytate-phosphorus (P) in food and feed is not efficiently utilized by humans and non-ruminant livestock, potentially contributing to high losses of P to the environment. Crops with high P-acquisition efficiency can access soil P effectively. It remains elusive whether crop genotypes with high P-acquisition efficiency can also have low seed phytate concentrations. A core collection of 256 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes from China with diverse genetic background were grown in the same environment and seeds were sampled to screen for seed phytate-P concentration. Some of these genotypes were also grown in a low-P soil in the glasshouse to measure root morphological and physiological traits related to P acquisition. Large genotypic variation was found in seed phytate-P concentration (0.69–5.49 mg P g–1 dry weight), total root length, root surface area, rhizosheath carboxylates, and acid phosphatase activity in rhizosheath soil. Geographically, seed phytate-P concentration was the highest for the genotypes from Hainan Province, whereas it was the lowest for the genotypes from Inner Mongolia. Seed phytate-P concentration showed no correlation with any desirable root traits associated with enhanced P acquisition. Two genotypes (Siliyuan and Diliuhuangdou-2) with both low phytate concentrations and highly desirable P-acquisition traits were identified. This is the first study to show that some soybean genotypes have extremely low seed phytate concentrations, combined with important root traits for efficient P acquisition, offering material for breeding genotypes with low seed phytate-P concentrations.

Linking root traits to superior phosphorus uptake and utilisation efficiency in three Fabales in the Core Cape Subregion, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunja MacAlister ◽  
A. Muthama Muasya ◽  
Samson B. M. Chimphango
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Polygala Myrtifolia

In the low-P soil of the fynbos biome, plants have evolved several morphological and physiological P acquisition and use mechanisms, leading to variable uptake and use efficiencies. We expected that plants grown in low-P soils would exhibit greater P acquisition traits and hypothesised that Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren, a cluster-root-forming species adapted to drier and infertile soils, would be the most efficient at P acquisition compared with other species. Three fynbos Fabales species were studied: A. linearis and Podalyria calyptrata (Retz.) Willd, both legumes, and Polygala myrtifolia L., a nonlegume. A potted experiment was conducted where the species were grown in two soil types with high P (41.18 mg kg–1) and low P (9.79 mg kg–1). At harvest, biomass accumulation, foliar nutrients and P acquisition mechanisms were assessed. Polygala myrtifolia developed a root system with greater specific root length, root hair width and an average root diameter that exuded a greater amount of citrate and, contrary to the hypothesis, exhibited greater whole-plant P uptake efficiency. However, P. calyptrata had higher P use efficiency, influenced by N availability through N2 fixation. Specific root length, root length and root : shoot ratio were promising morphological traits for efficient foraging of P, whereas acid phosphatase exudation was the best physiological trait for solubilisation of P.

scholarly journals The effect of biochar on the physiological, morphological and anatomical characteristics of mung bean roots after exposure to salt stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Nikpour-Rashidabad ◽  
Alireza Tavasolee ◽  
Shahram Torabian ◽  
Salar Farhangi-Abriz
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area

To investigate the changes in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of mung bean roots in response to biochar treatment during salt stress, a pot experiment was conducted. Mung bean plants were subjected to three biochar concentrations (0, 50 and 100 g kg-1 soil) and three salinity treatments (0, 5 and 10 dSm-1 NaCl). Salinity decreased root growth, vascular cylinder (VC) and cortical parenchyma (CP) areas, affecting the VC/CP ratio, shoot dry weight, the relative water content (RWC) of roots and leaves, and the root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. It increased specific root length, the shoot/root ratio and root abscisic acid (ABA), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) contents. Plant growth, RWC, the shoot/root ratio, specific root length, total root area, VC and CP areas, and the IAA/ABA and IAA/ACC ratios were increased by biochar under saline media. Biochar improved xylem structure, the plant growth regulator IAA, and decreased stress hormones, ABA and ACC, which accelerate plant senescence, consequently increasing mung bean growth under salt stress.

Seedling emergence and of growth of sorghum genotypes under variable soil moisture deficit

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Takele
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to understand the seedling germination behaviour and growth of sorghum genotypes, to investigate genotypic differences between sorghum genotypes and to identify a selection method for seedling drought resistance studies in sorghum under variable soil moisture deficit conditions. The experimental design used was a split plot design with four soil moisture deficit treatments (25%, 45%, 65% and 85% of field capacity) as main plot treatments and five sorghum genotypes (76 T1 #23, (148xE-35-1)-1-4-1xcs 3541 drive-5-3-2, M36121, 12x34/F4/3/E/1 and IS2284) as subplot treatments. Sorghum genotypes differed significantly in response to variable soil moisture deficit for percentage germination, seedling shoot dry weight, specific root length and seedling leaf area. The percentage germination of all genotypes was markedly reduced by increasing the levels of soil moisture deficits. Among the genotypes 76 T1 #23, M36121 and IS2284 had a satisfactory percentage germination at 25% of field capacity (F.C.), ranging from 55–57% germination based on arc sin transformed data. The seedling shoot dry weight of all genotypes was also significantly (p<0.05) reduced at all levels of soil moisture deficits, except in IS2284 where there was an increase of 3.6% at 65% of F.C. relative to the control. Although the interaction effects for seedling shoot and root lengths were not significant, IS2284 had the longest seedling shoot and root lengths and this is a desirable trait related to drought resistance. It has been observed that the reduction in seedling shoot length was greater than that of seedling root length at all levels of soil moisture deficit treatments, indicating that extensive root growth under drought conditions is a major avoidance mechanism in sorghum. Genotypes were also found to have differential responses to variable soil moisture deficits for their specific root length and leaf area. Based on the results of this study, percentage germination, seedling shoot dry weight, specific root length and seedling leaf area may be used as potential selection criteria for seedling drought resistance studies in sorghum and further studies are required to confirm this result under field conditions.

scholarly journals Screening of Soybean Genotypes Based on Root Morphology and Shoot Traits Using the Semi-Hydroponic Phenotyping Platform and Rhizobox Technique

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salim ◽  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
Heng Ye ◽  
Henry T. Nguyen ◽  
Zakaria M. Solaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Root-system architecture is vital for improving soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and nutrient uptake. We characterised root-system architecture and shoot traits of 30 soybean genotypes in a semi-hydroponic system 35 days after sowing (DAS) and validated eight genotypes with contrasting root-system architecture in 1.5 m-deep rhizoboxes at the flowering stage. Among them, two genotypes were selected for evaluation through to maturity. Abundant variation (coefficient of variation values ≥ 0.25) was observed in 11 of 13 measured roots and shoot traits during the early growth stage. After late growth stages, strong positive correlations were found between root traits and shoot traits, except for specific root length and diameter. Seed yield and yield traits at final harvest significantly differed between two contrasting soybean genotypes. The large-rooted genotype had a higher harvest index than the small-rooted genotype. Soybean genotypes with larger root systems had a long time to flowering than those with smaller root systems. Genotypes with large-root systems had 106% more leaf area, and 245% more shoot dry weight than those with small systems, presumably due to high canopy photosynthesis to supply the demand for carbon assimilates to roots. Total root length, and root: shoot ratio-traits data collected in the rhizobox study, strongly correlated with the same traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system. We found genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in other root and shoot traits such as taproot depth, root dry weight, specific root length, and average root diameter among the tested genotypes. Phenology, particularly time to flowering, was associated with root system size. Some root and shoot traits in the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system at the seedling stage produced similar rankings at the later phenological (flowering) stage when grown in the soil-filled rhizoboxes. The soybean genotypes characterised by vastly different root traits could be used for further glasshouse and field studies to improve adaptation to drought and other specific environments.

scholarly journals Morpho-physiological characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.) affected by drought during its vegetative stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María de la Luz Castro Acosta ◽  
Bardo Heleodoro Sánchez Soto ◽  
Jesús del Rosario Ruelas Islas ◽  
Celia Selene Romero Félix ◽  
Salomón Buelna Tarín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Use Efficiency

Objective: To evaluate the response corn hybrids have on their growth of aerial and root parts, transpiration,and water use efficiency during their early vegetative stage in irrigation and drought conditions.Design/methodology/approach: A randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement, threerepetitions, three corn hybrids and two humidity levels were used. The evaluated variables were: plant height,leaf area, root length, dry weight of the aerial and root part of the plants, efficiency in the water use and totalplant transpiration.Results: The leaf area and dry weight data of the aerial parts of the assessed plants were greater in irrigationthan in drought; in contrast, root length, dry root weight and water use efficiency were higher in drought. SV 3245 registered a higher total transpiration per plant; SV 3243 and ASGROW 7543 showed higher dry weight in their aerial parts; ASGROW 7543 accumulated a greater dry weight at their roots and was more water usage efficient. The experiments indicated interaction for root length, dry root weight and efficiency in water use.Limitations on study/implications: The drought caused seedlings’ death at 28 days after sowing (dds), therefore, it was not possible to continue the evaluations from then on.Findings/conclusions: The drought decreased the growth of the aerial parts of the plants and increased the root system and efficiency in their water usage.

Variation in seedling root traits in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum) germplasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S79-S82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Tyagi ◽  
Hyo Jeong Lee ◽  
Chong Ae Lee ◽  
Brian J. Steffenson ◽  
Young Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Cultivated Barley

Improved root architecture of cultivated barley can improve crop performance in drought-prone areas. In this study, seedlings of 315 wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) accessions from the Wild Barley Diversity Collection (WBDC) were grown under hydroponic conditions for 8 d after germination and then root characteristics were analysed. Significant differences were observed among the accessions with regard to seminal root number (SRN), root length (RL), specific root length (SRL), root fresh weight and root dry weight (RDW). Principal component analysis explained about 81% of the total variation for ten traits. Principal component (PC) 1, PC2 and PC3 explained about 38, 30 and 13% of the total variation among the accessions. The two most prominent contributors in each PC were RL and SRL, RDW and SRN, and the longitude and latitude of the collection sites, respectively. Accessions WBDC266, WBDC302, WBDC286 and WBDC011 had the longest RL and the highest RDW, specific dry root weight and SRL, respectively. These accessions may be useful genetic resources for the improvement of these root traits in cultivated barley.

Experimentally altered rainfall regimes and host root traits affect grassland arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Jeff Powell
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Future climate scenarios predict changes in rainfall regimes. These changes are expected to affect plants via effects on the expression of root traits associated with water and nutrient uptake. Associated microorganisms may also respond to these new precipitation regimes, either directly in response to changes in the soil environment or indirectly in response to altered root trait expression. We characterised arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in an Australian grassland exposed to experimentally altered rainfall regimes. We used Illumina sequencing to assess the responses of AM fungal communities associated with four plant species sampled in different watering treatments and evaluated the extent to which shifts were associated with changes in root traits. We observed that altered rainfall regimes affected the composition but not the richness of the AM fungal communities, and we found distinctive communities in the increased rainfall treatment. We found no evidence of altered rainfall regime effects via changes in host physiology because none of the studied traits were affected by changes in rainfall. However, specific root length was observed to correlate with AM fungal richness, while concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in root tissue and the proportion of root length allocated to fine roots were correlated to community composition. Our study provides evidence that climate change and its effects on rainfall may influence AM fungal community assembly, as do plant traits related to plant nutrition and water uptake. We did not find evidence that host responses to altered rainfall drive AM fungal community assembly in this grassland ecosystem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document