scholarly journals Status of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Assessment of Crop Damage by Wild Animals in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bairam Awasthi ◽  
Nanda Bahadur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

This study tries to explore the status of Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) within the Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA), Nepal. The maximum damage of maize (39%) and potato (30%) crops were reported due to wildlife in the study area. Major wildlife pests were monkey, porcupine, goral, barking deer, jackal and Himalayan black bear. About ninety five percent of respondents reported crop damage problem was increasing in the area after GCA establishment. Fair and quick disbursement of compensation for crop loss and regular monitoring of the wild animal needed to be adopted to reduce human-wildlife conflicts. Change in cropping and crop composition, particularly cultivation of high value medicinal plants were also suggested. The findings suggest participatory approach to manage problematic animal species in GCA.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 107-111

scholarly journals Status and trends of human-wildlife conflict: A case study of Lelep and Yamphudin region, Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Taplejung, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Sherchan ◽  
Ananta Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Kanchenjunga Conservation Area ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Aim Human-wildlife conflict is one of the major challenges in Kanchenjunga Conservation Area. It may erode public support in wildlife conservation. Here, we review the extent to which wildlife damages livestock and crops. Location Lelep and Yamphudin region, Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Taplejung, Nepal Materials and methodsThe study employed a combination of surveying methods such as focus group discussion, key informant interview and field observation from 21 July to 06 August 2013. Focus group discussion was done primarily with the representatives of snow leopard conservation committee in Lelep and Yamphudin. Key Findings Livestock depredation in Ghunsa valley, Lelep village development committee was increasing with an annual average loss rate of 11% in ten years (2005- 2014). Despite community-based insurance schemes, loss has increased to 28% from 17.2% in 2014. No retaliatory killings of snow leopards were reported since 2005, which may be attributable to the insurance scheme. In Yamphudin, the average annual livestock loss rate was 4.7% from 2005 to 2014, mostly by wild dogs. Similarly, crop damage was a severe problem in Yamphudin, mostly by the Himalayan black bear, palm civet, barking deer, rhesus monkey and porcupine. Conservation implication Although strict guarding was effective to reduce conflict, alternative strategy is needed that requires minimum human involvement. Premium and relief amount is inadequte. It therefore needs a thorough revision. Predator proof corals in Lonak, Dhudhpokhari, Ramjer and Dasa pasture can be effective means to reduce the potential conflict.

scholarly journals HUMAN-WILD MAMMAL CONFLICT IN A HUMAN DOMINATED MIDHILL LANDSCAPE: A CASE STUDY FROM PANCHASE AREA IN CHITWAN ANNAPURNA LANDSCAPE, NEPAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Jagan Nath Adhikari ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Wild Mammal ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

   Issues of human wildlife conflict (HWC) always challenges in conservation and management. Crop raiding, property damage, livestock depredation and human casualties are the most common forms of conflict. It was investigated the issues of human wild mammal conflict in and around the Panchase area in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape of Nepal from March 2017 to April 2018 using semi-structured questionnaires and focal group discussion. Wide spread human wildlife conflict was observed in Panchase area. Monkey, muntjac deer, porcupine and rabbit were the main crop raider that resulted in total economic loss of US$ 29.56 per household (HH). Overall economic loss by livestock depredation was estimated US$ 11254.54 (US$ 112.54/HH). Leopard contributed to the highest cases of livestock depredation. A total of five human attack cases were recorded including one fatal and four injuries. Himalayan black bear contributed to 80 % of the total attacks and 20 % by leopards. Present study focused on the issues and status of conflicts in the Panchase area, a representative of midhills and Chitwan Annapurana Landscape. This study suggests that future study related to mitigation and preventing methods should be conducted to minimize the issues of human wildlife conflicts.

scholarly journals A socio-ecological landscape analysis of human–wildlife conflict in northern Botswana

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-669
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Dunnink ◽  
Robyn Hartley ◽  
Lucas Rutina ◽  
Joana Alves ◽  
Aldina M. A. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Herbivore Density ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Negative Interactions

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict is one of the most pressing issues in conservation. Low-income rural communities are disproportionately affected by negative interactions with large predators, which often leads to retaliatory killings and persecution of the animals. To overcome this, socio-ecological studies that merge existing knowledge of large predator ecology with long-term livestock depredation monitoring are required. We examined patterns and drivers of livestock depredation in northern Botswana, using a mixed effects model of the government's long-term monitoring data on human–wildlife conflict, to identify ways to reduce depredation at key spatial and temporal scales. We compared the results to farmers’ understanding of their personal risk within the landscape. We analysed 342 depredation events that occurred during 2008–2016, using variables measured at different scales. The variables affecting the locations of depredation events at the 2-km scale were distance to protected areas and predator and herbivore density, with increased depredation in the wet season. At a 1-km scale, herbivore density did not have a significant effect, but the effect of other variables was unchanged. The 4-km scale model was influenced by livestock and herbivore density, with increased depredation in the wet season. Livestock depredation could be reduced by establishing an 8-km livestock-free buffer along the protected area boundary. There was disparity between government data on human–wildlife conflict, depredation reported by farmers in interviews and farmers’ risk awareness. Farmers would benefit from workshops providing tools to make evidence-based decisions and minimize their risk of negative interactions with wildlife. This would ultimately contribute to wildlife conservation in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area.

scholarly journals Survey of human-leopard (Panthera Pardus) conflict in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Nabeel Awan ◽  
Atif Yaqub ◽  
Muhammad Kamran
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Wildlife populations are at a risk of extinction mainly because of human-wildlife conflict (HWC). The present study was designed to evaluate the ongoing HWC with special reference to Common Leopard (Panthera pardus) in Ayubia National park through field study as well as a literature-based approach. Questionnaire interview surveys were designed for wildlife officials working in the park and the locals who bear the cost for leopard conflict through livestock depredation and crop damage. The study showed that human-leopard conflict in the study area has been increasing. More than 60% of people considered livestock depredation as the major reason for their negative perception towards the common leopard. Among livestock, goats were more vulnerable which showed that leopards mostly preferred smaller prey. A number of reported human injuries and deaths on account of Human-Leopard conflict in the study area helped conclude that human-wildlife conflict is a significant issue. Mitigation measures may hence be recommended, such as livestock compensation schemes and community-based conservation approaches, etc. It is critical to avoid human-Leopard conflict not only to keep the public and their property safe but also to help conserve this important species of common leopard (Panthera pardus).

scholarly journals Assessment of Human-Wildlife Conflict and the Attitude of Local Communities to Wild Animal Conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Salahadin Merkebu ◽  
Dereje Yazezew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) has increased globally because of an increase in the human population, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the status of HWC and the attitude of local communities to wildlife conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Northeastern Ethiopia. Data were collected between September 2017 and May 2018 using a face-to-face questionnaire survey (230), focus group discussions (7), and direct observation on the crop foraging. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. The majority of respondents (70%) reported the existence of HWC manifested because of the damage received to their assets (both crop and livestock). Canis aureus, Panthera pardus, Crocuta crocuta, and Papio hamadryas were stated as livestock depredators. Gelada, rabbit, porcupine, klipspringer, bushbuck, and duiker were considered as the major crop raiders. Over half (57.83%) of the respondents had a positive attitude, while others (36.09%) had a negative attitude towards the conservation of wildlife due to frequently faced problems. Respondents in different villages differed significantly (χ2 = 27.385, DF = 12, P < 0.05 ) in their attitude towards wildlife. Possible mitigation actions need to be undertaken to reduce the wildlife damage such that wildlife can sustainably be managed in the park.

scholarly journals Patterns of Human-Wildlife Conflict and People’s Perception towards Compensation Program in Nilambur, Southern Western Ghats, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelat Kandari Rohini ◽  
Tharemmal Aravindan ◽  
Karumampoyil Sakthidas Anoop Das ◽  
Pandanchery Arogyam Vinayan
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Compensation Program ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
North And South

Aim: The aim of this research was to examine patterns of human-wildlife conflict and assess community perception towards compensation program implemented to ameliorate human-wildlife co-existence.Location: North and South Forest Divisions, Nilambur, South India.Material and Methods: Data were collected from the official archives of applications made by victims or their families at Divisional Forest Office, Nilambur North and South Forest Division, for the period 2010–2013. The data included (a) types of conflict, (b) wildlife species involved in the conflict, (c) dates of application made by applicants, (d) dates of final decision made by concerned authority and (d) relief amount sanctioned. People’s perceptions towards compensation program were gathered using a questionnaire survey (n=179).Key findings: Crop damage was the most common type of conflict, followed by property damage, injury and death by wildlife attack. Crop damage was contributed mainly by elephant (Elephas maximus) (59%) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) (32%). The other wildlife species involved in conflict were bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) (3.8%), leopard (Panthera pardus) (3.3%), Malabar giant squirrel (Ratufa indica) (0.47%), porcupine (Hystrix indica) (0.29%), Guar (Bos gaurus) (0.95%) and Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor)(0.29 %). On average, people took 13 days to claim compensation, which received decisions in 90 days. The majority of respondents (67%) were not satisfied with the compensation schemes. The main causes of such dissatisfaction were (a) allocation of insufficient money for the compensation (46.6%), (b) prolonged and difficult administrative procedures to make claims (20%), (c) people’s convictions that compensation scheme does not eradicate the conflict (20%) and (d) disbelief on the officials involved in compensation program (6.6%).Conservation implications: Our results suggest that compensation program has not gained acceptance among local community as an effective strategy to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. Although it may reduce hostile attitude towards wildlife, alternative approaches are urgently needed that avoid conflicts.

Assessing status of pests and diseases with cluster approach - A case of coconut in Kasaragod district in Northern Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Chandran C. Thamban ◽  
V.H. Prathibha P.S. Prathibha
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level

<p>The main objective of integrated pest and disease management is to intervene efficiently to reduce crop damage at minimum cost<br />and inflicting minimum damage to the environment. The basic requirement for such programmes is the availability of a costeffective<br />sampling method for assessing the status of incidence and intensity of the disease/pest attack wherein, accurate estimates<br />is achieved through minimum efforts. In the present study, a sampling strategy and measures of severity and crop loss for<br />simultaneous assessment of incidence of major pests and diseases of coconut were formulated and implemented in Kasaragod<br />district of Kerala. The sampling methodology involved a cluster approach in which four clusters of at least 500 bearing palms<br />from a minimum of ten coconut gardens, representing the geographical strata of the panchayath, were scored visually for the<br />incidence of major pests and diseases. District level estimates were derived incorporating area under coconut in each panchayath<br />as the weight. Information on geographic coordinates was recorded and utilized for preparation of thematic maps using Arc-GIS.<br />Further, crop loss due to the major pests and diseases were also estimated under certain scenarios. The study revealed that diseases<br />like stem bleeding and Thanjavur wilt were more prevalent in areas experiencing high temperature and low rainfall whereas,<br />incidence of bud rot disease was significantly higher in hilly regions where low temperature and high humidity prevailed. Incidence<br />of pests like eriophyid mite and coreid bug was higher in coastal areas of the district. The study could serve as a model for similar<br />studies in future and the information emerging out of this study would help in formulating integrated pest and disease management<br />programmes at grass root level.</p>

scholarly journals Coexistence between human and wildlife: the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeast Ethiopia

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefi Mekonen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Abstract Human–wildlife conflict occurs when the needs and behavior of wildlife impact negatively on humans or when humans negatively affect the needs of wildlife. To explore the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict, the coexistence between human and wildlife assessment was conducted around Bale Mountains National Park. Data were collected by means of household questionnaires, focus group discussion, interview, field observation and secondary sources. The nature and extent of human wildlife conflict in the study area were profoundly impacted humans, wild animal and the environment through crop damage, habitat disturbance and destruction, livestock predation, and killing of wildlife and human. The major causes of conflict manifested that agricultural expansion (30%), human settlement (24%), overgrazing by livestock (14%), deforestation (18%), illegal grass collection (10%) and poaching (4%). To defend crop raider, farmers have been practiced crop guarding (34%), live fencing (26%), scarecrow (22%), chasing (14%), and smoking (5%). However, fencing (38%), chasing (30%), scarecrow (24%) and guarding (8%) were controlling techniques to defend livestock predator animals. As emphasized in this study, human–wildlife conflicts are negative impacts on both human and wildlife. Accordingly, possible mitigate possibilities for peaceful co-existence between human and wildlife should be create awareness and training to the local communities, identifying clear border between the closure area and the land owned by the residents, formulate rules and regulation for performed local communities, equal benefit sharing of the local communities and reduction of human settlement encroachment into the national park range. Generally, researcher recommended that stakeholders and concerned bodies should be creating awareness to local community for the use of wildlife and human–wildlife conflict mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Wildlife Mitigation Strategies on Human-Wildlife Conflict Among Small-Scale Maize Farmers in Laikipia County, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Ronald Orare Nyamwamu ◽  
Justus Moturi Ombati
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Agriculture is critical in the achievement of food security, employment of creation opportunities, steering economic growth, and also a source of raw materials for agricultural industries in many Sub-Saharan countries. However, farmers face various challenges which negatively affect farm productivity and production. Human-wildlife conflict is one of the most pressing challenges that smallholder maize farmers experience in some parts of Kenya. It arises from either people’s encroachment on wildlife habitats or the movement of wildlife from their natural habitat into neighboring farmland. Small-scale farmers use various agricultural extension strategies to mitigate the conflict. However, the effectiveness of the agricultural extension mitigation strategies adopted by smallholder maize farmers in Laikipia County had not been investigated and information on the same was inadequate and poorly documented. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of the agricultural extension wildlife conflict mitigation strategies adopted by smallholder maize farmers in Laikipia County. Whereas a document review guide was used to collect secondary data, semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from maize farmers and extension agents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze primary data. It was established that crop damage was very severe, even up to 70% per cropping season although farmers used mitigation strategies such growing of unpalatable plants, live fences, hairy crops, and digging trenches. This study concluded that the Agricultural Extension Mitigation Strategies used were not effective. It was recommended concerted efforts between stakeholders in the conflict to realize the benefits of synergies so as to stem crop damage and give small-scale farmers a chance to be food secure.

scholarly journals A review of patterns and geographical distribution of human-wildlife conflicts in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Farid Rifaie ◽  
Eko Sulistyadi ◽  
Yuli Sulistya Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Conflict Studies ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Insight Into

The unprecedented growth of human-dominated landscapes has led to population decline and the extinction of many animal species. A major paradigm shift that perceived wildlife as problem animals into threatened species that need protection triggered human-wildlife conflict studies. Although human-wildlife conflict incidences can be found globally, they have unique characteristics in each region of the world. However, little is known about the characteristics of human-wildlife conflicts in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia. There is a need for a comprehensive insight into human-wildlife conflict studies in Indonesia to understand past advancements and propose future priorities. This study examined the literature that provides the overall view of the human-wildlife conflict patterns in the country. The results showed that there was a comparatively small number of studies because this field was a relatively new subject in Indonesia. Furthermore, there were big gaps regarding animal species and the geographic distribution of study sites. A total of 35 species belonging to eight taxonomic groups experienced conflicts with humans. However, the studies heavily focused on three groups of animals and certain areas of the country. The predominant conflict sites were secondary forest, agroforestry, and farmlands. The conflicts in these areas unveiled the significance of local beliefs and social norms for formulating mitigation strategies.

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