Assessing status of pests and diseases with cluster approach - A case of coconut in Kasaragod district in Northern Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Chandran C. Thamban ◽  
V.H. Prathibha P.S. Prathibha
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level

<p>The main objective of integrated pest and disease management is to intervene efficiently to reduce crop damage at minimum cost<br />and inflicting minimum damage to the environment. The basic requirement for such programmes is the availability of a costeffective<br />sampling method for assessing the status of incidence and intensity of the disease/pest attack wherein, accurate estimates<br />is achieved through minimum efforts. In the present study, a sampling strategy and measures of severity and crop loss for<br />simultaneous assessment of incidence of major pests and diseases of coconut were formulated and implemented in Kasaragod<br />district of Kerala. The sampling methodology involved a cluster approach in which four clusters of at least 500 bearing palms<br />from a minimum of ten coconut gardens, representing the geographical strata of the panchayath, were scored visually for the<br />incidence of major pests and diseases. District level estimates were derived incorporating area under coconut in each panchayath<br />as the weight. Information on geographic coordinates was recorded and utilized for preparation of thematic maps using Arc-GIS.<br />Further, crop loss due to the major pests and diseases were also estimated under certain scenarios. The study revealed that diseases<br />like stem bleeding and Thanjavur wilt were more prevalent in areas experiencing high temperature and low rainfall whereas,<br />incidence of bud rot disease was significantly higher in hilly regions where low temperature and high humidity prevailed. Incidence<br />of pests like eriophyid mite and coreid bug was higher in coastal areas of the district. The study could serve as a model for similar<br />studies in future and the information emerging out of this study would help in formulating integrated pest and disease management<br />programmes at grass root level.</p>

scholarly journals Status of Human-Wildlife Conflict and Assessment of Crop Damage by Wild Animals in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bairam Awasthi ◽  
Nanda Bahadur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

This study tries to explore the status of Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) within the Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA), Nepal. The maximum damage of maize (39%) and potato (30%) crops were reported due to wildlife in the study area. Major wildlife pests were monkey, porcupine, goral, barking deer, jackal and Himalayan black bear. About ninety five percent of respondents reported crop damage problem was increasing in the area after GCA establishment. Fair and quick disbursement of compensation for crop loss and regular monitoring of the wild animal needed to be adopted to reduce human-wildlife conflicts. Change in cropping and crop composition, particularly cultivation of high value medicinal plants were also suggested. The findings suggest participatory approach to manage problematic animal species in GCA.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 107-111

New Grounded Feminist Approach to Islam in Indonesia: A Textual Analysis of Rahima and Fahmina’s Publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-52
Author(s):  
Nina Nurmila
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama

This article aims to offer a textual analysis of Rahima and Fahmina’s publications. Rahima and Fahmina are two Non-Government Organizations founded in 2000 by a young generation of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), one of the largest moderate Muslim organizations in Indonesia. There are more similarities than differences between Rahima and Fahmina because the persons involved in the organizations are close friends and, in fact, the same persons even though both are based in two different cities. Since their foundation, both Rahima and Fahmina have published many books and magazines. This article argues that both Rahima dan Fahmina publications offer a new grounded feminist approach to Islam, which counterbalance the dominant male-biased normative approach to Islam in most Muslim societies. These publications are based on their feminist activism and community engagement with the grass-root level of many Nahdlatul Ulama pesantrens (Islamic boarding schools). The topics of their publication cover many current issues such as fiqh of women’s reproductive rights and empowerment, fiqh of the daily life of migrant workers, fiqh of anti-trafficking, prevention of child marriage, violent extremism and religious pluralism. As a result, the progressive nature of their publications negates the existing label of NU as the traditionalist organization.

Child Abuse Control Centers: A Project for the Academy?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
Jacob Brem
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Battered Child Syndrome ◽  
Battered Child ◽  
Child Syndrome ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Social Agencies

A good deal of literature on child abuse has accumulated since Kempe and his group first described the "Battered Child Syndrome."1 Enlightened laws have been passed in the various states and management transferred from the police into the hands of social agencies. Furthermore, the reporting physician was protected from libel. However, at the grass root level, conditions are far from ideal. Physicians are unfamiliar with the various laws and are reluctant to report for fear of getting involved in unpleasant situations.

scholarly journals Urban fire risk control: House design, upgrading and replanning

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Wilfred Mtani ◽  
Elinorata Celestine Mbuya
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
House Design ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City

Urbanisation leads to house densification, a phenomenon experienced in both planned and unplanned settlements in cities in developing countries. Such densification limits fire brigade access into settlements, thereby aggravating fire disaster risks. In this article, we assess the fire exposure and risks in residences in informal areas of Mchikichini ward, in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. We rely on interviews of residents and government officials to obtain background on the occurrence and causes of fire accidents, policy provisions and regulations, and experiences with fire outbreaks and coping strategies, as well as on observations and measurements of house transformations, spatial quality and indoor real life. Our findings suggest that fire risks arise from both inappropriate structural characteristics and unsound behavioural practices. This includes unsafe electric practices by residents, poor capacity of residents to fight fires once started, limited access to structures by firefighting equipment because of flouting of planning regulations and inadequate awareness of local government leaders of the magnitude of fire risks. Potential changes to reduce fire risks in the settlement include the installation of firefighting systems, restriction of cooking to designated spaces, use of safer cooking energy sources and lighting means, improvements of vehicle access routes to neighbourhoods, capacity building at the grass root level and the establishment of community-based fire risk management.

Methods for Determining The Status Of MV Switching Devices Using Minimum Cost Criterion

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Toros ◽  
J. Pihler ◽  
G. Stumberger ◽  
A. Glotic
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Criterion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Switching Devices

scholarly journals Prospek Pengembangan Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi di Indonesia

Perspektif ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANDI SUPRIADI ◽  
DIBYO PRANOWO
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Status ◽  
Income Development ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Role Based

<div><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Keterbatasan lahan pertanian mendorong masyarakat/ petani membuka lahan baru di kawasan hutan, dengan cara menebang dan membongkar tanaman hutan serta membakar sisa-sisa tanaman dan semak belukar, akibatnya lahan menjadi kritis. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah melalui penerapan sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi. Agroforestri berbasis kopi yang sudah dikembangkan petani berperan dalam : (1) Konservasi lahan, air dan keanekaragaman hayati, (2) Penambahan unsur hara lahan, (3) Pengendalian iklim mikro, (4) Penambahan cadangan karbon (5) Menekan serangan hama dan penyakit dan (6) Peningkatan pendapatan petani. Agroforestri berbasis kopi telah dipraktekkan oleh petani pada berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, diantaranya di Lampung Barat (pola hutan kemasyarakatan dan hutan desa), Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah (pola pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat). Tantangan/masalah yang dijumpai pada agroforestri berbasis kopi diantaranya (1) Tingkat pengetahun petani tentang budidaya agroforestri berbasis kopi yang masih rendah, (2) Terbatasnya modal usaha dan (3) Ketidakpastian status lahan usaha. Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilalukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan teknologi budidaya, bantuan modal usaha dan kepastian hukum status lahan. Pengembangan agroforesti berbasis kopi diarahkan pada dikawasan hutan milik Perum Perhutani, hutan kemasyarakan (HKm) dan hutan desa (HD) yang luasnya masing-masing 2.250.172; 2.500.000 dan 500.000 ha. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran agroforestri berbasis kopi terhadap lingkungan, dan ekonomi petani serta prospek pengembangannya di Indonesia.<br />Kata kunci: Tanaman kopi, agroforestri, tanaman penaung, lingkungan, pendapatan, pengembangan<br /><br />ABSTRACT<br />Prospects of Agroforestry Development Based on Coffee in Indonesia</p><p>Limitations of agricultural land to encourage people/ farmers open up new land in forest areas, by felling tree forests and forcing open plants and burning the remains of plants and shrubs as a result of land being serious critical. One effort to over come the problem is through the implementation of a coffee-based agroforestry systems. Role-based on agroforestry coffee farmers that have been developed, by farmers involve on (1) Conserve land, water and biodiversity, (2) Add of nutrients lands, (3) Control of microclimate, (4) Add of carbon stocks (5) Suppress pests and diseases, and (6) Enhancement to the income of farmers. Coffee-based agroforestry has been practiced by farmers in various regions in Indonesia, including in West Lampung (patterns of community forestry and forest villages), West Java and Central Java (forest management with communities). Challenge/problems encountered in the coffee-based agroforestry include (1) The level of knowledge of farmers on the cultivation of coffee-based agroforestry still low, (2) Lack of venture capital and (3) The uncertainty of the status of business land. Efforts to overcome these problems can through training and mentoring cultivation technology, venture capital assistance and legal certainty of land status. Development direction of coffee-based agroforestry can be done conduct of region-owned Perum Perhutani, community forestry (CF) and village forest (VF) which covers each 2.250.172; 2.500.000 and 500.000 ha. This paper aims to identify the role of coffee-based agroforestry on the environment, and the economy of farmers and development prospect in Indonesia.<br />Keywords: Coffee sp., agroforestry, shade plants, environment, income, development</p></div>

scholarly journals Impact of the Informal Institutional Forces on the Local Government Elections in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Niaz Ahmad ◽  
Abida Bano ◽  
Ashfaq Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level

Local government is visualised as a tool for promoting political participation, downward accountability, which consequently leads to the establishment of good governance at the grass-root level. In the establishment of the local government system, the main ingredients of good governance, such as participation and downward accountability, reckon almost on the nature of elections. However, societies marked with strong cultural and socially embedded informal institutions, already existed from generations, hinder formal institutions to play its intended role. In Pakistan, some socio-cultural features like gender, ascribed status, and economic background of the individuals influence the entire process of elections adversely. This paper attempts to assess the processes of the local government elections in District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. It aims to highlight the deterministic role of other informal institutional forces that affect the outcome of local elections. It investigates, how the process of local government elections is influenced in Pakistan and how do people decide whom to vote for in these elections. The study argues that policymakers should work on strengthening the formal institutions of elections through measures such as monitoring by media, referendums, auditing, evaluations, education, and political awareness as alternatives to ensure good governance at the local level in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Maiden Partisan Rural Local Government Elections: Bangladesh Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mashiur Rahman ◽  
Salma Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Election Commission

A paradigm shift in the political system has been taken in Bangladesh on 12 October, 2015 with the final approval by the Cabinet to hold local polls on partisan basis. The long historical practice of non-partisan local polls has been shifted to first ever partisan poll that brought major challenges for the existing confrontational political parties of Bangladesh. Ruling Bangladesh Awami League considered demonstrating its popularity at grass-root level and controlled all political institution through this election while Bangladesh Nationalist Party had opposed these partisan local government elections as a political trick with an ill motive by the government. For the first time in Independent Bangladesh, 9th Union Parishad[1](UP) election hold on partisan basis at six phases across the country from March to June 2016. The articles tried to explore the experiences of this maiden partisan UP polls and what are the immediate consequences on the local governance as well as electoral system through reviewing seceondary materials specially the Daily Newspapers. Unfortunately massive violence, record deaths and uncontested elected Chairman, election fraughts & irregularities, reluctant role of Election Commission, strong dominant of ruling party over electoral system were common phenomenon in this maiden partisan election.[1] Lowest tier of rural local government in Bangladesh.

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