scholarly journals Assessment of Human-Wildlife Conflict and the Attitude of Local Communities to Wild Animal Conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Salahadin Merkebu ◽  
Dereje Yazezew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) has increased globally because of an increase in the human population, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the status of HWC and the attitude of local communities to wildlife conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Northeastern Ethiopia. Data were collected between September 2017 and May 2018 using a face-to-face questionnaire survey (230), focus group discussions (7), and direct observation on the crop foraging. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. The majority of respondents (70%) reported the existence of HWC manifested because of the damage received to their assets (both crop and livestock). Canis aureus, Panthera pardus, Crocuta crocuta, and Papio hamadryas were stated as livestock depredators. Gelada, rabbit, porcupine, klipspringer, bushbuck, and duiker were considered as the major crop raiders. Over half (57.83%) of the respondents had a positive attitude, while others (36.09%) had a negative attitude towards the conservation of wildlife due to frequently faced problems. Respondents in different villages differed significantly (χ2 = 27.385, DF = 12, P < 0.05 ) in their attitude towards wildlife. Possible mitigation actions need to be undertaken to reduce the wildlife damage such that wildlife can sustainably be managed in the park.

scholarly journals Elephants, safety nets and agrarian culture: understanding human-wildlife conflict and rural livelihoods around Chobe National Park, Botswana

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Clare Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Conservation Policy ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Resolving conflict between agricultural livelihoods and wildlife conservation requires a sophisticated understanding of both wildlife ecology and human livelihood decision-making. This case study extends the literature on human-wildlife conflict in Africa by using a political ecology framework to understand how and why farmers in areas of high wildlife disturbance make their farming decisions, and how their strategies are affected by a broader socio-political context that includes, but is not restricted to, wildlife conservation policy. Specifically, this article chronicles the livelihood strategies of smallholder farmers in a village on the edge of Chobe National Park in northern Botswana. This is a place where the state has prioritized wildlife conservation but also supports residents' livelihoods. Because of disturbance from wildlife, especially elephants, protected under conservation law, agricultural production in Chobe is becoming increasingly challenging, even as the government increases its agricultural subsidies and support to small farmers. This results in unexpected farming strategies that reflect the interactive effects of conservation policy and other relevant macro-economic policies that structure the livelihood strategies of rural communities living near protected areas. Future human-wildlife conflict studies must take into account these multi-scalar and multi-dimensional dynamics in order to accurately explain the livelihood strategies of people living in wildlife-populated areas, so that appropriate conservation and development policies can be designed.Keywords: Botswana, wildlife conservation, rural livelihoods, human-wildlife conflict, political ecology

scholarly journals Coexistence between human and wildlife: the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeast Ethiopia

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefi Mekonen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Abstract Human–wildlife conflict occurs when the needs and behavior of wildlife impact negatively on humans or when humans negatively affect the needs of wildlife. To explore the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict, the coexistence between human and wildlife assessment was conducted around Bale Mountains National Park. Data were collected by means of household questionnaires, focus group discussion, interview, field observation and secondary sources. The nature and extent of human wildlife conflict in the study area were profoundly impacted humans, wild animal and the environment through crop damage, habitat disturbance and destruction, livestock predation, and killing of wildlife and human. The major causes of conflict manifested that agricultural expansion (30%), human settlement (24%), overgrazing by livestock (14%), deforestation (18%), illegal grass collection (10%) and poaching (4%). To defend crop raider, farmers have been practiced crop guarding (34%), live fencing (26%), scarecrow (22%), chasing (14%), and smoking (5%). However, fencing (38%), chasing (30%), scarecrow (24%) and guarding (8%) were controlling techniques to defend livestock predator animals. As emphasized in this study, human–wildlife conflicts are negative impacts on both human and wildlife. Accordingly, possible mitigate possibilities for peaceful co-existence between human and wildlife should be create awareness and training to the local communities, identifying clear border between the closure area and the land owned by the residents, formulate rules and regulation for performed local communities, equal benefit sharing of the local communities and reduction of human settlement encroachment into the national park range. Generally, researcher recommended that stakeholders and concerned bodies should be creating awareness to local community for the use of wildlife and human–wildlife conflict mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals IMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT ON LOCAL LIVELIHOOD: CASE STUDY, KIMBI-FUNGOM NATIONAL PARK CAMEROON

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
TSI Evaristus ANGWAFO ◽  
NKENGAFAC Michael BENAZIA ◽  
MVO Denis CHUO
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Local Livelihood ◽  
Integrated Conservation ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

This study entitled “implications of human-wildlife conflict on local livelihood in the Kimbi-Fungom National Park” was undertaken to assess impacts of Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) in the Park so as to provide basis to design a sustainable wildlife conservation roadmap. Data collection was done using questionnaires, semi structured interviews and direct observations. Collected data were treated using excel and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 14). Findings revealed that, 98% of the population experience human-wildlife conflicts that negatively impacted local livelihood, with cumulative average financial losses amounting to 1, 97,890 FCFA/year/acre (0.40ha) for the six common staple food crops, and an average cumulative surface area damage of 4.75 acres/year (0.19ha). It was revealed that great proximity to the Park edge bear the highest cost of the conflict. Though losses varied with different crop and distance from the Park, this was attributed to population pressure that intensifies farming activities along the Park edge that greatly threatened the sustainable management of wildlife in the study area. It is against this background that an Integrated Conservation Development Project is proposed for a sustainable wildlife management roadmap that would have to confront the drivers of conflict by working hand-in-hand with all stakeholders concerned towards a win-win outcome.

scholarly journals Human-Wildlife Conflict and its Implication for Conservation at Sundarpur, Udayapur, Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
Manoj Pokharel ◽  
Chandramani Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Robust Compensation ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Local people are the major stakeholders of biodiversity conservation. Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) could result in a negative attitude of the general public towards wildlife adding challenges for conservation. This is more applicable in the landscapes which are outside the protected area (PA) coverage. But, the majority of HWC related studies in Nepal have centered on PAs and their peripheries. This study documents the prevailing situation of HWC in Sundarpur of Udayapur district that shelters some HWC prone wildlife species, while situating outside PA. Data about conflict and people's perception of wildlife conservation was collected using household surveys supplemented by key informant interviews and direct observation. Monkeys (93%, n=93) and elephants (86%, n=86) were found to be the major animals involved in the conflict, mostly resulting in crop raiding, the major form of conflict as reported by (95%, n=95) of respondents. Livestock depredation cases were mostly by common leopard (84%, n=21) and sloth bear was involved in the majority of human attack cases (90%, n=9). The results showed increasing trend of conflicts for elephants (63%, n=63) and monkeys (73%, n=73), while declining trend for sloth bear (64%, n=64), wild boar (85%, n=85), and leopard (46%, n=46). People believed the natural attraction of wildlife towards crops and livestock to be the major driving factor of conflict. Majority of respondents had a positive attitude towards wildlife conservation. However, implementation of community based conflict management strategies, robust compensation schemes along with conservation education programs are highly essential to achieve desired conservation success.

scholarly journals Human-wildlife conflict and community perceptions towards wildlife conservation in and around Wof-Washa Natural State Forest, Ethiopia: a case study of human grivet monkey conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Yazezew
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Abstract Background: Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is predicted to increase globally in the vicinity of protected areas and occurs in several different contexts and involves a range of animal taxonomic groups whose needs and requirements overlap with humans. Human-monkey conflict exists in different forms more in developing countries and ranks amongst the main threats to biodiversity conservation. Grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops) are any slender agile Old-World monkeys of the genus Cercopithecus. This study was conducted to investigate the status of human grivet monkey conflict and the attitude of local communities towards grivet monkey conservation in and around Wof-Washa Natural State Forest (WWNSF), Ethiopia from September 2017 to May 2018. Questionnaire survey (143) was used to study the human-grivet monkey conflict and its conservation status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. Results: Majority of respondents from both gender (male= 67.1%; female= 74.1%) were not supporting grivet monkey conservation due to its troublesome crop damaging effect. There was significant difference in respondents perceptions towards grivet monkey conservation based on distance of farmland from the forest (χ2= 12.7, df =4, P = 0.013). There was no significant difference in the techniques used by villagers to deter crop raiders (χ2= 14.73, df =15, P = 0.47). There was significant difference in respondents expectations on the mitigation measures to be taken by government (χ2= 40.01, df =15, P = 0.000). Based on the questionnaire result, 42.5 ± SD 8.68 of respondents in all villages elucidated that the causes of crop damage was habitat degradations.Conclusion: The encroachment of local communities in to the forest area and exploitation of resources that would be used by grivet monkey and enhanced crop damage by grivet monkey exacerbated the HGMC in the study area. As a result grivet monkeys have been killed relentlessly as a consequence of crop damage. This was due to negative energy developed in human perspective. Thus, awareness creation education program and feasible crop damage prevention techniques need to be implemented.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human-Wildlife Conflict in Buffer Zone Area: A Case Study of Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Maheshwari Bhatta ◽  
Rajeev Joshi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

This article is based on a study carried out in buffer zone of Shuklaphanta National Park (SNP), which lies in Kanchanpur district of Nepal. It is aimed to assess nature and extent of crop damages, livestock depredation and human casualties, and to identify local people's attitude towards wildlife conservation and management. Primary data was collected through preliminary field visit, questionnaire survey of households, key informant interviews, focus group discussion and direct field observation. Paddy was major crop damaged by wild animals, followed by wheat and maize. Wild boar followed by elephant and deer were found as the most problematic animals causing crop damage, while common leopard was found as the major culprit for livestock depredation. The proximity to the national park was found determining factor to the extent of damage caused by the wild animals. People’s attitude towards wildlife conservation was found to be positive; however, more than 85% of respondents showed dissatisfaction towards park authorities’ effort for conflict management. Active participation of local people in conservation and awareness program can play a vital role to reduce and mitigate the human wildlife conflict at community level.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem in People with Physical Disabilities: Differences between Active and Inactive Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nemček
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the status of SE in people with physical disabilities (PwPD) and compare SE scores between active and inactive individuals. The sample of PwPD (n = 186) was divided into two groups of those who are regularly participating in sport (active; n = 88) and those who are not participating in any sport in their leisure (inactive; n = 98). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used as a primary research method. 10-item scale measures global self-worth by measuring positive and negative feelings about the self. Higher scores (from 10 to 40 points) indicate higher SE. The Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the differences of 10 RSES items and total scores between active and inactive PwPD. We found that the mean score of RSES in PwPD was 28.83 points; active PwPD observed total score of RSES 30.01 points and group of inactive PwPD showed the lowest SE by achieving 27.76 points. Mean scores comparison of each RSES item between active and inactive PwPD revealed higher SE in the group of active PwPD. Significantly higher SE was presented by 4 from 10 RSES items and by total score in the group of active PwPD. The results of our study confirmed that actively living PwPD have significantly higher SE comparing those PwPD who are living sedentary life style.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Status KEK Pregnant Mother Towards Weight Low Body Event (LBW) In Manggari Puskesmas Kuningan District, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Usep Rusependhi ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Energy Deficiency ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of

Babies born at LBW (Low Body Event) are at risk of disrupting the growth and development of the baby, as well as the occurrence of hypertension, heart disease and diabetes in old age. One of the factors causing LBW is the condition of CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency) experienced by mothers during pregnancy. The highest prevalence of LBW in Kuningan Regency in 2018 is in the working area of the Manggari Community Health Center, which is 11.8% with the prevalence of pregnant women CED 10.1%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of maternal CED status during pregnancy with LBW events. The study design uses case control from cohort registers of pregnant women. The total sample of the study were 114 infants, consisting of 38 cases and 76 controls who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the statistical analysis of the Chi-Square test, obtained p value = 0.002 and OR = 4.317 (95% CI: 1.776-10.495) which means that there is a significant relationship between the status of CED during pregnancy with LBW events, where pregnant women CED risk 4.317 times higher for LBW delivery compared to pregnant women who are not CED. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the status of CED of mothers during pregnancy with the incidence of LBW.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Waste Management With The Incidence Of Diarrhea In Argasunya Village Cirebon City

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Jaenudin ◽  
Sandi Aprianto ◽  
Citra Setyo Dwi Andini
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Garbage is something material or solid objects that is no used by humans. The impact or risk of improper handling of garbage can cause to environmental damages that can cause health problems and disesase, one of them is diarrhea disease. According to the health profile of West Java Province (2012) showed that the 1.906.886 diarrhea incidence. Cirebon City is ranked ninth with 88,702 diarrhea incidence. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of waste management with the incidence of diarrhea In Argasunya Village Cirebon City. Method: This research used descriptive correlation with kohort retrospekif approach. The population in this study that is all the people who suffer from diarrhea in the Argasunya Village with 72 respondents. The sample in this study using total sampling with 72 respondents who suffer from diarrhea. The research instrument used the observation sheet of waste management and the result of the status of the patient according the medical record data in Sitopeng Public Health Center. The analysis used univariate and bivariate used Chi Square test. Result: The result of univariate analysis showed that most of the waste management did not fulfill the requirement of 59 respondents (81,9%) and most of the acute diarrhea was 62 respondents (86,1%). There was no significant relationship of waste management with the incidence of diarrhea In Argasunya Village Cirebon City, p-value = 0,677.

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