scholarly journals A statistical approach to evaluate the chemistry and quality of groundwater in Jamankira area, Sambalpur district, Orissa, India

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
J. K. Jena ◽  
P. K. Verma ◽  
H. K. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Residual Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Major Chemical

The groundwater quality in the Jamankira area of Sambalpur district was evaluated to determine its hydrogeochemical variability. A total of thirty groundwater samples were analysed for their major chemical constituents. The quality of groundwater was estimated on the basis of total dissolved solids, sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, and Piper’s trilinear diagram. Cluster analysis was used in the study as a qualitative means for differentiating the groundwater into distinctive types. The cluster analysis shows: 1) Ca-HCO3-SO4-Mg bearing calcium-rich water and 2) Na - K-Cl bearing sodium-rich water in the study area.

scholarly journals HYDROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER OF EUPHRATES AQUIFER IN ANAH, WESTERN IRAQ FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2C) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Muhammeed Jummah
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Sodium Percentage

Groundwater quality is of prime importance in determining its suitability for various human activity such as irrigation, therefore, groundwater samples are collected from selective wells in Anah city and subjected to hydrochemical analysis in order to measure the concentrations of the major ions, in addition to the Electrical Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Soluble Sodium Percentage (Na%), and Sodium Adsorption Ratio)SAR( to assess the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Results showed that the groundwater in Anah city is characterized by excellent to good SAR with good Na% and accepted value of pH for irrigation, whereas, values of Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids were not acceptable due to the rising of salinity (SO4 and Cl). According to Piper diagram, the type of water is Earth alkaline.

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality of Groundwater in Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi Areas of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 898-904
Author(s):  
D. Ilangeswaran ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
D. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas of Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of ISI, WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NO2-, CN-, Nas+, K+, NH3, Mn, Fe, Ca & Mg hardnessetc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in and around Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi areas.

scholarly journals Discovery of Quality Markers in Hugan Qingzhi Formula by Integrating a Lipid-Lowering Bioassay with UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fan He ◽  
Chun-Xin Xiao ◽  
Can-Jian Wang ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
Qi-Qing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Quality Markers ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Lipid Lowering Effect

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease. The Hugan Qingzhi formula (HGQZ) has been proven effective in treating NAFLD through clinical and pharmacological mechanism studies. A screening study of the chemical components was carried out to better control the quality of this formula. Current research has combined biological activity assessment with chemical analysis to screen and identify the bioactive compounds in HGQZ for use as potential quality markers (Q-markers) to control the quality of this herbal product. The HGQZ extracted by three different solvents was evaluated in a free fatty acid-induced hepatic steatosis LO2 cell model. Simultaneously, the twelve major chemical constituents of these extracts were quantitatively measured by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS). Extraction with 50% ethanol showed the most potent lipid-lowering effect in steatosis LO2 cells and the highest extraction rate of major chemical constituents. Correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between the biological activities and chemical characteristics of these extracts. The results showed that the contents of typhaneoside, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside, notoginsenoside R1, and alisol B 23-acetate were positively correlated to the lipid-lowering effect. The subsequent bioassay confirmed that typhaneoside, isoquercitrin, and alisol B 23-acetate played the role of reducing the lipid effect. In conclusion, 50% of ethanol extraction produced the most active extract of HGQZ. Typhaneoside, isoquercitrin, and alisol B 23-acetate could be considered potential Q-markers for the quality control of HGQZ.

scholarly journals Statistical Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in and around Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karunakaran ◽  
P. Thamilarasu ◽  
R. Sharmila
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Town

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Namakkal were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Ten locations of groundwater samples were collected and studied for every two month for the period June-2007 to December-2007. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, taste, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate, fluorides, dissolved oxygen, sodium, potassium andE.colibacterium. Groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes was examined by using WHO and BIS standards, which indicate the groundwater in a few areas, were not much suitable for domestic and agriculture purposes. Thus the objective of this study is to identify the quality of groundwater especially in the town and near by town where groundwater is used for domestic and agriculture purposes is discussed.

scholarly journals The Major Chemical Constituents of Teosinte Grown as Mono and Mixed Cropping with Legumes in different Sowing Date

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Birendra Khanal ◽  
Naba Raj Devkota ◽  
Megh Raj Tiwari ◽  
Neena Amatya Gorkhali
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Major Chemical

Teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana) is one of the most popular summer growing cereal fodder, yet with comparatively low level of chemical constituents. The quality of this fodder can be improved through better by cultivation management including sowing dates and mixed cropping with legume. The main objective of this study was to determine the forage quality as reflected by major chemical constituents of pure stands of teosinte and binary mixtures of teosinte with commonly available legumes under different dates of sowing. Four fodder combinations; teosinte mono crop, teosinte+ cowpea, tesosinte+ rice bean, and teosinte+ lablab bean was arranged to cultivate in three different date of sowing in the field in a Split Plot Design with 5 replications. Main plot treatments were different sowing dates and sub-plot treatments were combinations of fodder species. Dry herbage mass production, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and Ash were determined. The results showed that the significantly the highest Dry herbage and CP were obtained from fodder combination teosinte+ cowpea if sown at 18th April, whereas the significantly highest mean values of ADF and NDF were obtained for teosinte mono fodder crop. However, the lowest average value of ADF and NDF was obtained for fodder combination teosinte with cowpea. The average value of Ash and ADL of both harvest for fodder combination and date of sowing was statistically similar (p>0.05). The effect of treatments interaction/combination on cumulative dry herbage was statistically high (p<0.05) when teosinte+ cowpea was sown at 18th April. However, effect of treatments interaction/combination on average value of CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and Ash of both harvests (g/kg DM) was statistically similar (p>0.05). The results showed that mixture of teosinte with cowpea sown at 18th April could be the best combination in terms of quantity as well as for major chemical constituents that could reflect better quality of fodder harvest.

scholarly journals Assessment of irrigation water qualities of Abak River, Abak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
E.A. Udom ◽  
A.E. Ekpo ◽  
S.I. Oluka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
River Water ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Residual Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio

Irrigated agriculture is dependent on an adequate water supply of usable quality. Since water quality is very important for any intended use, the Abak River water which is used for irrigation by the Cross River Basin Development Authority and the rural communities around the river bank was assessed for irrigation purposes. The River water samples were assessed for four months (from November, 2016 to February, 2017 for its irrigation water qualities. The water samples were analyzed for major cations: Na+, Ca2+,K+,Mg2+ and anions: Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, CO32- and NO3.The important constituents that influence the water quality for irrigation such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (RSBC), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), (RSC) Residual Sodium Carbonate and Potential Salinity (PS) were assessed and compared with standard limits. The values of Sodium Adsorption Ratio (0.4 to 0.64), Soluble Sodium Percentage (28.16 to 34.68%), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (2.82 to 3.15 meq/L), Permeability Index (3.20 to 3.98%), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (77.78 to 87.59%), Kelly’s Ratio (0.13 to 0.161 meq/L), Electrical Conductivity (20.5 to 22.5 μs/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (10.20 to 12.60 Mg/l) Residual Sodium Carbonate (0.298 to 0.8 meq/L) and Potential Salinity (1.09 – 1.358 meq/L) were found to be within the safe limits and thus suitable for irrigation purposes, except MAR which is above 50% the safe limit. The river water will thus cause neither salinity hazard nor has an adverse effect on the soil properties of the study area or on crops.Keywords: Abak River, Water Quality Irrigation, Parameters, Assessment

scholarly journals Assessment of irrigation water quality of Bogra District in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
SZKM Shamsad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Some important physio-chemical parameters of surface and groundwater of Bogra District were evaluated for the criteria of irrigation water quality. Forty four water samples were collected in the peak dry season (December-April) from different areas of Bogra District. The study revealed that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), total hardness (Ht) and Kelly’s ratio of waters were found within the permissible limits for irrigation purposes. Any initiative for surface and groundwater development for planned irrigation practices is highly encouraged. Key Words: Irrigation water (surface and groundwater); quality; Bogra District. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5836Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 597-608, December 2009

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality of Tumkur Amanikere Lake Watershed, Karnataka, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s1) ◽  
pp. S211-S218 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Rajendra Prasad ◽  
C. Sadashivaiah ◽  
G. Rangnna
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Hydrochemical Facies ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Average Rainfall

The study area, Tumkur amanikere lake watershed, is located 0.5 km away from Tumkur Town on National Highway No.4. The main source of water for this lake is Kallur village tank catchment area. The average rainfall in the area is 965 mm. The submersion area of the lake at MWL is 204 hectares. Groundwater samples were collected from 22 stations covering the area during the year 2008 and were analyzed for physicochemical characters. The type of water that predominated in the study area is Ca-Mg-Cl type, was assessed based on hydrochemical facies. Besides, suitability of groundwater for irrigation was evaluated based on sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, and the US salinity diagrams.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Pollution and its Impact in and around Punnam Area of Karur District, Tamilnadu, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Raja ◽  
P. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas in and around the Punnam village of Karur District, India and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, NO3-, Na+, K+, Fe, Cr, calcium and magnesiumetc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in the sampling areas.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality evaluation for irrigation application in Mandsaur region, Madhya Pradesh, India

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Vinita Kulshreshtha ◽  
Pramendra Dev
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells

The chemical analysis of 22 water samples collected from representative open dug-wells existing in the Mandsaur area of Madhya Pradesh, India, was carried out for evaluating the quality of irrigation water. For this purpose, its colour, odour, taste, pH, total hardness, electrical conductivity, ionic concentrations, and various other parameters were determined. The calculated values of per cent sodium, Kelley's ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate and magnesium hazard indicate that except at a few places, the groundwater, in general, is suitable for irrigation. The sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity values were plotted on the U.S. Salinity Diagram. The plots of these parameters indicate that 8 samples fall in CS type (Medium Salinity and Low Sodium hazards), and 14 samples belong to C type (High Salinity and Low Sodium hazards). In general, the groundwater is favourable for irrigation use. The values of electrical conductivity and sodium percentage determined in respect of groundwater samples of Mandsaur were also plotted on the Wilcox Diagram. Based on this diagram, 4 samples represent Excellent to Good categories, whereas 18 samples indicate Good to Permissible categories. Based on this classification the groundwater of Mandsaur area, in general, is suitable for irrigation application.

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