scholarly journals The Shift of Bacterial Sensitivity with Antibiotics in Acute Tonsillitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Brihaspati Sigdel
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Drugs

Background: The infection of tonsil may occur primarily or secondarily as a result of upper respiratory tract infection, usually preceded by a viral infection. Bacterial tonsillitis is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Penicillin remains the treatment of choice for S. pyogenes tonsillitis. The present study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogen in acute tonsillitis and their sensitivity to antibiotics. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery and Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara Nepal from January 2018 to January 2019. Ninety-six patients who presented with acute tonsillitis and admitted in the hospital were included in the study. Results: The commonest age group of acute tonsillitis was found to be between 21-30 years. S. pyogenes was the commonest isolate 32(33.3%) followed by S. aureus 19(19.8%).  Streptococcus pyogenes was sensitive to Ampicillin (65.6%) and Cloxacillin (68.7%) while the isolates were more sensitive to levofloxacin and doxycycline. Carbapenem were found to be most effective drugs for intravenous treatment. Conclusion: The most common bacterial isolates were Streptococcus pyogenes. The sensitivity of organism shift from ampicillin group to fluroquinolones and tetracycline. Identification of bacterial isolates and their antibiotics sensitivity patterns could prevent resistance of bacteria to drugs and help in the proper management of acute tonsillitis.

scholarly journals Detection of Potential Bacterial Pathogens and Aflatoxigenic Fungi from Grain Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Hinda Abdukadir Mohamed ◽  
Md. Salauddin ◽  
Md. Khaled Hossain ◽  
Farzana Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Current research work was carried out for the detection of potential bacterial pathogen and aflatoxigenic fungi Aspergillus spp. from grain comprising [Rice (5), Maize (5), Wheat (5), Khessari dal (5) and Anchora dal (5)] were collected from 3 different local markets of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. 15 bacterial isolates comprising 4 genera of bacteria were found from a total of 25 samples. The isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp. with 16%, 28%, 16% and 16% prevalence respectively. Antibiogram studies revealed that overall effective drugs against isolated bacteria were Ciprofloxacin followed by Gentamycin. But resistant drugs were Penicillin, Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Kanamycin, and Amoxicillin. The variation in the sensitivity of common antibiotic could be the result of extensive and indiscriminate use of these antibiotics. Aspergillus spp. was isolated from 4-grain samples with 16% prevalence. But aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. was isolated from 3 samples with 12% prevalence. From the wheat samples and maize, the aflatoxigenic fungus was isolated and their prevalence in maize, wheat was 40% and 20% respectively. Their early detection can help to take preventive measures to combat economic and health losses. The study showed that earlier detections can be made by simple traditional identifications using macro and micromorphological fungal features rather than adopting the time and cost consuming molecular identification techniques.

scholarly journals Prescription patterns of Antibiotics in Acute tonsillitis: Hospital-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Brihaspati Sigdel ◽  
Tulika Dubey ◽  
Rajendra Nepali ◽  
Neeraj KC
Keyword(s):  
Drug Combination ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Acute tonsillitis is caused by either viruses or bacteria and is characterized by a sore throat and painful swallowing. About 49% of cases are thought to be caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Penicillin should be given empirically after the diagnosis of acute tonsillitis. This study was carried out to find out the prescription pattern of antibiotics among the admitted cases of acute tonsillitis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre (GMCTH), Pokhara. All the patients who were admitted for acute tonsillitis in the ENT ward were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, the average number of drugs per prescription, and the most commonly prescribed drug was recorded. Results: There were 320 patients with acute tonsillitis and the mean age was 27.44 ± 11.1 years. Most of the cases were in their twenties. The average number of drugs per prescription was four while the total number of antibiotics used was 520. The single antibiotic was used in 170 (53%) cases and a two-drug combination was used in 91(28.4%) cases. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed drug. There were 78 (24.3%) cases under monotherapy and 69 (21%) in multitherapy. Conclusion: Among the various effective antimicrobials, ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial. The injectable route of antibiotics administration was a widely used method in hospitalized patients in our setting.  

Para-incisional tattooing with electrocautery

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Hussain ◽  
Michael S. W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Albany Medical College ◽  
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary

AbstractThe authors present a technique using electrocautery diathermy to make surgical tattoos. This method has been used in over 300 patients who underwent head and neck surgery at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and Albany Medical College, New York, over a period of five years. A wide variety of operative procedures such as total laryngectomies and neck dissections were performed. The electrocautery surgical tattoos have a major advantage of persisting until the end of the operative procedure by which time other types of tattoos have faded. The technique is widely available, inexpensive, and has to date been complication free.

scholarly journals Biochemical and biological activity of arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes M22

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora A. Starikova ◽  
Alexey V. Sokolov ◽  
Anna Yu. Vlasenko ◽  
Larisa A. Burova ◽  
Irina S. Freidlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group A ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Dose Dependent

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) is an important gram-positive extracellular bacterial pathogen responsible for a number of suppurative infections. This micro-organism has developed complex virulence mechanisms to avoid the host’s defenses. We have previously reported that SDSC from GAS type M22 causes endothelial-cell dysfunction, and inhibits cell adhesion, migration, metabolism, and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting cell viability. This work aimed to isolate and characterize a component from GAS type M22 supernatant that suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells (EA.hy926). In the process of isolating a protein possessing antiproliferative activity we identified arginine deiminase (AD). Further study showed that this enzyme is most active at pH 6.8. Calculating Km and Vmax gave the values of 0.67 mmol·L–1 and 42 s−1, respectively. A distinctive feature of AD purified from GAS type M22 is that its optimum activity and the maximal rate of the catalytic process is close to neutral pH by comparison with enzymes from other micro-organisms. AD from GAS type M22 suppressed the proliferative activity of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent mode. At the same time, in the presence of AD, the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase increased. When l-Arg was added at increasing concentrations to the culture medium containing AD (3 μg·mL–1), the enzyme’s capacity to inhibit cell proliferation became partially depressed. The proportion of cells in phases S/G2 increased concomitantly, although the cells did not fully recover their proliferation activity. This suggests that AD from GAS type M22 has potential for the suppression of excessive cell proliferation.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of Otomycosis: a hospital based study at central terrain region of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
N Lageju ◽  
SC Shahi ◽  
NK Goil
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Presenting Problems ◽  
Medical College

Background and Objectives: Otomycosis is the fungal infection of ear with some complications involving middle ear cavity and mastoid cavity. It is one of commonly encountered problem in otolaryngology clinics. It is commonly present in hot, humid with moisture, high temperature. So, this research is to study the clinical profile of otomycosis in central terrain region of Nepal.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in department of ENT- head and neck surgery in Janaki medical college and teaching hospital from August 2015 to June 2016. All the clinically diagnosed cases were enrolled in the study with typical symptoms and characteristics fungal debris in the external auditory canal (EAC). All the data regarding age, sex, occupation, presenting complaints, type of fugal debris, presence of acute otitis externa, findings of tympanic membrane (TM) taken.Results: Total of 77 patients were enrolled. Among them 27(35.1%) were male and 50(64.9%) were female. The most common presenting complaint is itching followed by earache, ear discharge, hearing loss. Itching was present in 77.9% of the cases followed by earache in 72.7%, aural fullness in 29%, ear discharge in 46.8% and hearing loss in 31.2%. Based on type of fungal debris on otoscopy, blackish was the commonest with frequency of 38 patients (49.4%) followed by whitish debris in 27 patients (35.1%) and yellowish among 12 patients (15.6%).Conclusion: Otomycosis is one of the most common presenting problems in otorhinolaryngology OPD. Females are affected more. Aspergillus niger implicated the most and ear itching is the most common presenting symptom.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2015) Vol. 3 (1):20-24

scholarly journals Clinicopathological study of sinonasal masses

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu HenaMohammad Parvez Humayun ◽  
AHM Zahurul Huq ◽  
SM Tarequddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Shah Kamal ◽  
Kyaw Khin U ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Head Neck Surgery ◽  
Head Neck

Objective: To observe the incidence, clinical presentation and to perform comparative studyof different sinonasal masses. Study design: Prospective study. Setting: Department ofotolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery & ENT OPD of Chittagong Medical College Hospital.Patients & methods: 50 patients are included in this study (39 male & 11 female) between theages of 3 years and 80 years who were treated between August 2006 to January 2007. Studybased on history, clinical, radiological, laboratory and histopathological examination. Results:Mean age for male was 35.12 years and for female was 22.63 years. Male to female ratio was3.5:1. Highest frequency was noted in second decade. Most of patient (78%) were from poorclass. Frequency of inflammatory nasal masses were more in second decade, benign tumourin fourth and fifth decade, malignant tumour in second decade (OAN & NHL) and fifth andsecond decades (others). Rhinosporidiosis were most frequent inflammatory nasal masses.Nasal obstruction was the commonest and orbitus symptoms were less frequent symptoms.But orbital symptoms were more prevalent in malignant lesion. Conclusion: sinonasal massesare found in all age group. Rhinosporidiosis are appearing to be the commonest nasal masses.The prevalence of nasal polyp is also high. Among the malignant sinonasal masses thepercentage of squamous cell carcinoma is high.DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i1.5776Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(1): 15-22

scholarly journals Comparison between the Effects of Oral and Intramuscular Administration of Shin’iseihaito (Xinyiqingfeitang) in a Streptococcus pyogenes-Induced Murine Sinusitis Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Minami ◽  
Toru Konishi ◽  
Hiroshi Takase ◽  
Toshiaki Makino
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Kampo Medicine ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tract Infections

Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is a species of Gram-positive coccoid bacteria having many virulence factors. Its capsule and exotoxins can cause upper respiratory tract infections such as sinusitis. The general treatment for S. pyogenes-induced sinusitis is administration of antibiotics such as penicillin and macrolides; however, a serious problem associated with these antibiotics is their attenuated effect. Shin’iseihaito (Xinyiqingfeitang), a formula of Japanese traditional Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the treatment of sinusitis. In general, formulas of Japanese traditional Kampo medicine are orally administered. This is in contrast to certain formulas of traditional Chinese medicine, which are being recently administered intramuscularly or intravenously. Regarding these traditional Chinese medicine formulas, the injection methodology is reported to be more effective than oral intake. In this study, we compared the efficacy between orally and intramuscularly administered Shin’iseihaito against S. pyogenes-induced sinusitis. We evaluated the antibacterial effect of Shin’iseihaito extract (SSHT) against S. pyogenes by K-B disk diffusion assay. Furthermore, we investigated the nasal colonization of S. pyogenes, determined cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, and conducted a splenocyte proliferative assay in a murine sinusitis model. SSHT displayed direct anti-S. pyogenes activity. Intramuscular administration of SSHT decreased the nasal colonization of S. pyogenes compared with oral administration. Thymidine uptake analysis revealed that the proliferation of splenocytes from S. pyogenes-infected mice under intramuscular SSHT treatment was upregulated compared to that of splenocytes from S. pyogenes-infected mice under oral SSHT treatment. We also found that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the nasal discharge from intramuscularly treated S. pyogenes-infected mice were lower than those from orally treated mice. Our findings suggest that intramuscular administration of Shin’iseihaito may be useful for the treatment of murine S. pyogenes-induced sinusitis.

scholarly journals Retrospective review of the management of acute infections and the indications for antibiotic prescription in primary care in northern Thailand

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e022250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C Greer ◽  
Daranee Intralawan ◽  
Mavuto Mukaka ◽  
Prapass Wannapinij ◽  
Nicholas P J Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

IntroductionAntibiotic use in low-income and middle-income countries continues to rise despite the knowledge that antibiotic overuse can lead to antimicrobial resistance. There is a paucity of detailed data on the use of antibiotics in primary care in low-resource settings.ObjectiveTo describe the presentation of acute infections and the indications for antibiotic prescription.DesignA 2-year retrospective review of routinely collected data.SettingAll 32 primary care units in one district in northern Thailand.ParticipantsPatients attending primary care with a history of fever, documented temperature, International Statistical Classification of Diseases 10 code for infection or prescribed a systemic antibiotic. Patients attending after the initiation of a study on C-reactive protein testing in four centres were excluded.Outcome measuresThe proportion of patients prescribed an antibiotic and the frequency of clinical presentations.Results762 868 patients attended the health centres, of whom 103 196 met the inclusion criteria, 5966 were excluded resulting in 97 230 attendances consisting of 83 661 illness episodes.46.9% (39 242) of the patients were prescribed an antibiotic during their illness. Indications for antibiotic prescription in the multivariable logistic regression analysis included male sex (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.21 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.28), p<0.001), adults (aOR 1.77 (95% CI 1.57 to 2), p<0.001) and a temperature >37.5°C (aOR 1.24 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.48), p=0.020). 77.9% of the presentations were for respiratory-related problems, of which 98.6% were upper respiratory tract infections. The leading infection diagnoses were common cold (50%), acute pharyngitis (18.9%) and acute tonsillitis (5%) which were prescribed antibiotics in 10.5%, 88.7% and 87.1% of cases, respectively. Amoxicillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic.ConclusionsNearly half of the patients received an antibiotic, the majority of whom had a respiratory infection. The results can be used to plan interventions to improve the rational use of antibiotics. Further studies in private facilities, pharmacies and dental clinics are required.

scholarly journals Antero-inferior tympanic visibility during microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Manish Munjal ◽  
Gopika Talwar ◽  
Shubham Munjal ◽  
Tulika Saggar
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Zero Degree ◽  
Entire Margin ◽  
Perforated Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Inferior Quadrant ◽  
Nose And Throat

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The antero-inferior recess of the ear canal is not visible to the otologist, thereby effecting proper placement of the graft and thereby affecting its uptake .The visibility of this region in the adult population is assessed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The quadrants of tympanic membrane were examined in 60 subjects with perforated tympanic membrane undergoing tympanoplasty. The study was conducted in the department of ENT-HNS (ear, nose and throat-head and neck surgery), Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> With the microscope in 48 (80%) entire perforation could be visualized and in 12 (20%) margins were not in the line of view. 5 perforations were posterior superior and 12 were total perforations. Otoendoscope examination with zero degree could show the entire margin of the perforation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In 80% population the antero-inferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane is accessible to straight vision of the microscope.</p>

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