scholarly journals Prescription patterns of Antibiotics in Acute tonsillitis: Hospital-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Brihaspati Sigdel ◽  
Tulika Dubey ◽  
Rajendra Nepali ◽  
Neeraj KC
Keyword(s):  
Drug Combination ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Acute tonsillitis is caused by either viruses or bacteria and is characterized by a sore throat and painful swallowing. About 49% of cases are thought to be caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Penicillin should be given empirically after the diagnosis of acute tonsillitis. This study was carried out to find out the prescription pattern of antibiotics among the admitted cases of acute tonsillitis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre (GMCTH), Pokhara. All the patients who were admitted for acute tonsillitis in the ENT ward were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, the average number of drugs per prescription, and the most commonly prescribed drug was recorded. Results: There were 320 patients with acute tonsillitis and the mean age was 27.44 ± 11.1 years. Most of the cases were in their twenties. The average number of drugs per prescription was four while the total number of antibiotics used was 520. The single antibiotic was used in 170 (53%) cases and a two-drug combination was used in 91(28.4%) cases. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed drug. There were 78 (24.3%) cases under monotherapy and 69 (21%) in multitherapy. Conclusion: Among the various effective antimicrobials, ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial. The injectable route of antibiotics administration was a widely used method in hospitalized patients in our setting.  

scholarly journals Comparison of penile measurements between Nepalese boys with and without hypospadias

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Manish Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Penile Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Surgical Unit

Introduction: Comparison of penile measurements between boys with and without hypospadias is important to determine whether there is any truth in the notion that the hypospadic penis is shorter than its age-matched normal counterpart. This study was designed to check whether there was any difference in penile sizes between Nepalese boys with and without hypospadias. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 72 Nepalese boys (36 with hypospadias and 36 without hypospadias) attending the paediatric surgical unit of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital between July 2019 and June 2020. The penile length was measured in both the flaccid state and the stretched state yielding the flaccid penile length (FPL) and the stretched penile length (SPL) for each subject utilizing standardized measuring conditions. The SPL/FPL ratio was calculated for each patient. Results: The mean FPL in the hypospadias group (A) was 3.42±0.80cms while that in the normal group (B) was 3.62±0.61cms. The mean SPL in group A was 4.58±0.94cms compared to 5.52±0.68cms in group B. The SPL/FPL ratio was 1.34±0.14 in group A compared to 1.54±0.17 in group B. The difference in FPL was not significant between groups but the difference in SPL and the SPL/FPL ratio was statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: The flaccid penile length (FPL) does not vary between the two groups. However, the stretched penile length (SPL) and the Stretched penile to Flaccid penile length ratio (SPL/FPL ratio) are significantly different between the two groups of boys.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

scholarly journals Fetal and maternal outcome following expectant management of severe pre-eclampsia remote from term

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5420
Author(s):  
Deepak A. V. ◽  
Reena R. P. ◽  
Deepa Anirudhan
Keyword(s):  
Expectant Management ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Expectant management of severe preeclampsia, remote from term is often a difficult decision. Maternal and foetal complications may occur while trying to achieve a more favourable perinatal outcome. We wanted to find out the foetal and maternal outcomes of expectant management in these women.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Government Medical College, Thrissur, India between May 2013 and April 2015. Women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, who were admitted, managed expectantly and delivered in our hospital during the study period, were recruited. The study subjects were grouped into: Group A (between 28 weeks and 31 weeks 6 days) and Group B (between 32 weeks and 33 weeks 6 days). A structured proforma was used to collect demographic and clinical details. The maternal and foetal outcomes were noted.Results: There were 4786 deliveries during the study period. Among them 76 (1.58% of total deliveries) women with severe preeclampsia between 28 weeks and 33-week 6 days gestation on expectant management were included in the study. The mean duration of expectant management was 7.92 days in group A (27 women) and 6.67 days in group B (49 women). Most women required termination of pregnancy for foetal distress (36.8%). HELLP syndrome and imminent eclampsia were the maternal complications that occurred. Perinatal loss was significantly more in Group A when compared to Group B.Conclusions: Expectant management of women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, especially between 32weeks and 33weeks 6 days, with antenatal corticosteroids and close monitoring, seems a reasonable option in developing countries.

scholarly journals Correlation between Duration of Oral Contraceptives and Hypercoagulability in Bangladeshi Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Samsunnahar ◽  
Q S Akhter ◽  
N Akhter ◽  
K Sultana ◽  
Md. Atiquzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T

This study was done to assess the hypercoagulability and the risk of thromboembolism in women taking oral contraceptive pill for prolonged period of time. This cross sectional study was done in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012. Ninety female subjects with the age range from 25-45 years, were taken as a study population. Among them, 60 women taking oral contraceptives for prolonged period of time ( > 1 years) were included for the study group and age matched 30 women of OCP nonusers were taken as a control. Study subjects were divided into two groups according to their duration of oral pill use: group BI ( 1 to 5 years users) were 30 women and group B2 ( >5 to 10 years users) were 30 women. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were estimated in all groups. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired Student's ? t' test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient test. In this study, the mean (*SD) PT levels in group B1 & B2 were shortened than that of group A which were statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Within the study groups, PT levels were positively correlated (r=+0.027) with the group B1 and negatively correlated (r= -0.163) with the group B2. But both the relationships were statistically non significant. The mean (+SD) AM' level in group B1 was shortened than that of group A but the result was not statistically significant. The mean (*SD) AM' level in group B2 was shortened than that of group A but the result was statistically highly significant (P<0.001). Within the study groups, APPT levels were negatively correlated with the group B1 (r= -0.268) and also group B2 (r= -0.122). But both the relationships were statistically non significant. My present study revealed that prolonged duration of OCP use ( at least for 5 years) increases the risk of hypercoagulable state and thromboembolism in women.

scholarly journals The Shift of Bacterial Sensitivity with Antibiotics in Acute Tonsillitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Brihaspati Sigdel
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Acute Tonsillitis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Effective Drugs

Background: The infection of tonsil may occur primarily or secondarily as a result of upper respiratory tract infection, usually preceded by a viral infection. Bacterial tonsillitis is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Penicillin remains the treatment of choice for S. pyogenes tonsillitis. The present study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogen in acute tonsillitis and their sensitivity to antibiotics. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery and Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara Nepal from January 2018 to January 2019. Ninety-six patients who presented with acute tonsillitis and admitted in the hospital were included in the study. Results: The commonest age group of acute tonsillitis was found to be between 21-30 years. S. pyogenes was the commonest isolate 32(33.3%) followed by S. aureus 19(19.8%).  Streptococcus pyogenes was sensitive to Ampicillin (65.6%) and Cloxacillin (68.7%) while the isolates were more sensitive to levofloxacin and doxycycline. Carbapenem were found to be most effective drugs for intravenous treatment. Conclusion: The most common bacterial isolates were Streptococcus pyogenes. The sensitivity of organism shift from ampicillin group to fluroquinolones and tetracycline. Identification of bacterial isolates and their antibiotics sensitivity patterns could prevent resistance of bacteria to drugs and help in the proper management of acute tonsillitis.

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening in Women attending Obstetrics and Gynaecological Opd at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1055-1059
Author(s):  
Raj Deb Mahato ◽  
Amit Deo ◽  
Hanoon Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common Gynaecological cancer in Nepal which is preventable if appropriate screening and prevention measures are employed. Considerable reduction in cervical cancer incidence and cervical cancer related deaths can be achieved by effective screening. However, lack of knowledge and awareness can result in underutilization of the preventive measures.  Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding cervical cancer screening in women visiting Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD at tertiary care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.  Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient department of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. Women were enrolled in the study by convenient sampling methods. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed by using SPSS version 22.  Results: Among 374 participants, the mean age was 31.13 years. More than three fourth (89.6%) of participants were literate. Regarding occupation, 89.8% of participants were housewives, and 82.9 % of participants were married. As per the findings, only 43.27 % of participants i.e. less than the mean, had adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and its screening. 65.50 % of participants had a negative attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Literate participants had good knowledge and positive attitude regarding cervical cancer screening than illiterate participants (P value less than 0.05).  Conclusion Considerable proportions of participants had inadequate knowledge and negative attitude regarding cervical cancer screening in Gynaecological patients visiting tertiary care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.

scholarly journals Association between Psoriasis and Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Sumit Pandey ◽  
Smita Jha ◽  
Shyam Kumar B.K ◽  
Shyam Kumar B.K. ◽  
Kumar Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
College Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pasi Score ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

Background: Psoriasis is primarily a chronic skin disease, the course being punctuated by remissions and relapses. Research has shown that hypertension, obesity, heart failure and diabetes are significantly more common in patients with psoriasis. Obesity is associated with severe psoriasis and is reported about twice as frequently among psoriasis patients as in the general population. In recent years many reports have demonstrated an association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of obesity in patients with psoriasis and compare it with that of non-psoriatic population. Material and Method: This study is a case control hospital based study conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Venereologyand Leprology of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur between May 2017 to October 2018.Total 56 cases of psoriasis and similar number of healthy age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study after taking written consent. Detailed history and physical examination was performed with measurement of body mass index which was recorded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20. Result: The results of the study which included 56 patients with psoriasis and 56 subjects without psoriasis. Among them 26 male and 30 female in study population and 25 male and 31 female in control group. The mean age was41.68±19.04 years in study population and 39.46 ±16.27 years in control group. Duration of disease ranged from 2 months to 360months and PASI score ranged from 4.4 to 28.2 with mean PASI score 11.02±5.4. BMI in cases ranged from 16.7 to 34.2 with mean24.3±4.3 and in controls it ranged from 15.5 to 29.1 with mean 21.9±3. Mean BMI was significantly higher in cases than controls. Conclusion: The result of this study supports the significantly higher prevalence of obesity in study population than control group.

scholarly journals Uterine Myoma: A Profile of Nepalese women

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Pramila Pradhan ◽  
Nitish Acharya ◽  
Binit Kharel ◽  
Manoj Manjin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Early Completion ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Underlying Risk Factor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Myoma Uteri

Objectives: To determine the most common age and parity for the development of myoma uteri. To find out any relation between age of the last child and the development of myoma uteri. To determine the treatment protocal and outcome of treatment. Materials/methods: This study was carried out at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from Jan 2001 to 31st June 2006. All cases of myoma uteri admitted in Gynaecological ward was included.. Histological evidence of myoma confirmed the diagnosis. Age, parity and age of the last child, clinical features, surgical procedures and outcome of surgery were considered. Results: A total of 137 cases of myoma uteri was operated during five and half years period. This represented 38.5 %of all abdominal hysterectomy performed during the same period. The mean age was 43.3 years with median parity at 1-3 and the mean age of last child at 12years. Excessive menstrual bleeding 73.0%, abdominal mass and pain 58.4%, dysmenorrhea 18.2% and infertility 7.3% were the common symptoms. Total abdominal hysterectomy was the mainstay of treatment. Patients were happy with the treatment specially those with severe and multiple symptoms Postoperative complications were not significant. There was one death due to pulmonary embolism who had mesothelioma of pleura diagnosed by pleural biopsy before operation. Conclusion: Early marriage and early completion of the family is the social trend in Nepalese society. Myoma is common in 4th-5th decade of life in multi parity with the age of last child around 12years. This long standing secondary infertility may be an underlying risk factor in the development of myoma uteri.   doi:10.3126/njog.v1i2.2397 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 47-50 Nov-Dec 2006   

scholarly journals Prevalence and Outcome of Cesarean Section at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rubina Tamrakar Gurung ◽  
G Gurung ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
T Gurung ◽  
P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Safe Motherhood ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Failed Induction

Introduction: Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital is providing specialized obstetrician and gynecologist services since last one decade.Objectives: This study was conducted to know the prevalence and outcome of cesarean section at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre during 2013 – 2015 A.D. (2070 – 2072 B.S.).Methods: It was a retrospective study of women undergoing cesarean section from 2013 to 2015 A.D. (2070 – 2072 B.S.).Results: During the period of three years 2013 – 2015 A.D. (2070 –2072 B.S.) otal deliveries were 2627. Among total deliveries cesarean section was performed in 1084 patients (41.26%). In 1084 patients 803 (74%) cesarean sections were performed as an emergency and 281(26%) were elective. In this study 15 to more than 35 years old patients were enrolled. Among cesarean sections done, 52% were primigravida, 46% were para and 2% were grandmulti. The indications for cesarean section were CPD (28%), fetal distress (25%), previous cesarean (14%), mal presentation (7%), premature rupture of membrane (5%), pre-eclampsia (6%), failed induction (5%), bad obstetric history (2%), antepartum hemorrhage (1%), and twins (1%).Conclusion: This study at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre provided the prevalence, outcome and different indications of cesarean section which is life saving for both mother and newborn. And also the study can be useful to the hospital to improve facilities for safe motherhood and safety of newborn.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December  2016, Page: 1-6

scholarly journals Conventional treatment versus vacuum therapy for diabetic foot ulcers treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigna Sai Potula
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Group ◽  
Vacuum Therapy ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trail ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: This study compares the efficacy of vacuum therapy against conventional iodine povidone dressing with respect to area and time of ulcer.Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trail which was conducted in Meenakshi Medical College hospital and research institute Enathur Kanchipuram. The number of patients selected were 50, which were divided into 2 groups, Group A which consisted of 25 and received vacuum therapy, Group B which consisted of 25 and received povidone-iodine solution.Results: This study was a 16 days study, mean area of ulcer on day 0 was 11.25 cm2 in group B, 10.89 cm2 in group A. On day 6, mean area of ulcer was 10.44 cm2 in group B, 8.98 cm2 in group A. Mean area of ulcer was 10.39 cm2 in group B, 7.66 cm2 in group A on the end of the day 16. The results show that both the groups showed decrease in the area of ulcers, but patients in group A who underwent vacuum therapy have shown greater decrease in the mean area of ulcer. The decrease in surface area of ulcer was statistically significant i.e. p=0.025. There was a greater decrease in infection in group A on 16th day compared to group A on 16th day. On day 0, 48% and 60% growth of microorganisms was observed in patients of group B and group A respectively (p=0.428). On day 16, 28% and 8% growth of microorganisms was observed in patients of group B and group A respectively (p=0.034).Conclusions: Vacuum therapy was more effective compared to conventional method of povidone-iodone solution dressing in rate of healing and time of healing.

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