Ramsar sites in Nepal: Conservation, present scenario, biodiversity value and threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Shrestha ◽  
Shristi Shrestha ◽  
Arati Shrestha ◽  
Udhab Raj Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
View Point ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Pokhara Valley ◽  
Desk Review

Wetlands are the dynamic ecosystems with high yielding capacity which are considered very prolific from view point of biodiversity. With prime functioning of water supply, wetlands are well known for supplementary functions of providing ecosystem services viz., groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration, preventing water logging and flooding etc. Total ten wetlands sites of Nepal are included in Ramsar List till 2019, Koshi Tappu being the first listed wetland and Lake Clusters of Pokhara Valley being the latest included wetland which covers 60,561 hectares area of the total area of the country. Ramsar sites in Nepal are distributed throughout the country and are classified as high altitude wetlands, mid hill wetlands and terai wetlands. The Ramsar Site hosts endemic species of floral species some of which are endangered. It too serves as excellent habitat as water hole and corridor for numerous digits of threatened and endangered faunal diversity. Besides this, they serve as excellent habitats for migratory birds as well. Being such integral portions of biosphere, wetlands are under constant threats like eutrophication, siltation, invasion of alien species, pollution, agricultural runoff etc. This review article is based upon desk review different published and unpublished literatures from national level and provides detail information on updated wetlands of international importance of Nepal, along with present scenario, biodiversity value and threats that the wetlands are facing and is expected to help in shaping future course actions for wise use and sustainable management of wetlands in Nepal.  

scholarly journals The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Endorses the Milan Charter on Urban Obesity

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michele O. Carruba ◽  
Luca Busetto ◽  
Sheree Bryant ◽  
Antonio Caretto ◽  
Nathalie J. Farpour-Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Goals

The Milan Charter on Urban Obesity highlights the challenges of urban environments as a battleground for human health, as cities are often organized to subvert public health goals, and promote rather than prevent the development of obesity and consequent non-communicable diseases. The Charter articulates ten principles which detail actions and strategies through which general practitioners, diverse medical specialists, related healthcare professionals, administrators and healthcare practice managers, policy actors – within health systems and at a national level – along with experts across disciplines, and citizens, can work in cooperation to meet this challenge and improve public health. The Charter urges the adoption of decisions that deliver the following: (i) policies which enable our cities to become healthier and less obesogenic, more supportive of well-being and less health-disruptive in general, and (ii) policies that fully support primary prevention strategies, that address social stigma, and that ensure fair access to treatment for people living with obesity. The Milan Charter on Urban Obesity aims to raise awareness of our shared responsibility for the health of all citizens, and focuses on addressing the health of people living with obesity – not only as a challenge in its own right, but a gateway to other major non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers.

Measuring tourism success: alternative considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Butler
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
National Level ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Indicators Of Success ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Economic Criteria

PurposeThe study aims to explore the possibility of redefining success in tourism and measuring such a phenomenon by considering alternatives to economic factors, and to identify the ways such measurement could be implemented.Design/methodology/approachThe study reviews and explains current approaches to defining and measuring success in tourism in the literature, followed by identification of alternative factors which could be measured and the implications of such a change in approach.FindingsThere has been a long-standing emphasis and priority placed on measuring tourism at the national level with a focus on economic criteria, and this has been followed at regional and local levels. The result has been that success has become equated with volume, supporting the aim of continued growth in tourism. Such an approach and attitude mitigate against achieving or moving towards sustainability, and other measures are needed to avoid problems such as overtourism.Originality/valueThere has been little discussion of moving to a wider range of indicators of success in tourism, and the previous focus has been on economic criteria and competitiveness as shown by tourist numbers. This paper presents a discussion of an alternative approach, showing that tourism stakeholders from national to local levels need to redefine success as including factors such as community and environmental well-being and focus on a wider concept of success. Using existing data and organisations would enable measuring such concepts to be done without major change or greatly increased costs to agencies.

scholarly journals A Bottom-up picture of intra-national welfare regimes: the case of marginalised communities in Puerto Rico

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibrán Cruz-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Welfare Mix ◽  
National Welfare

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this article is twofold: (1) an examination of welfare regimes using a bottom-up approach, which enables a comprehensive analysis of welfare production based on recipients perceptions; and (2) an examination of more than one type of welfare-mix coexisting inside the national level across policy sectors. A classification of welfare regimes is carried out following a bottom-up approach and relying on the basis of the importance of welfare providers to satisfy social risks and promote well-being. Three traditional (e.g. state, market, family) and one alternative welfare providers (e.g. community) are considered. Data is collected through twenty semi-structured interviews in seven marginalised communities of Puerto Rico. The results show five configurations of intra-national welfare-mixes across the following welfare areas: housing, nourishment, health, education, maternity/paternity, disability, work-unemployment and older-age. This paper contributes to the theoretical proposals of intra-national welfare regimes, and alternatives providers in the welfare-mix.

scholarly journals New Zealand's Oceans Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Foster
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Policy Refinement

In light of recent Oceans Policy developments this paper proposes a legal and institutional framework for the management of New Zealand's oceans. It focuses on one key existing problem: the lack of a comprehensive, coherent framework for the sustainable management of the marine environment. The proposed framework addresses this issue by suggesting an overarching statute, based on the approach taken by the Resource Management Act, under which several layers of policy refinement and implementation create national consistency coexisting with localised solutions based on the purpose of sustainability and broad guiding principles. The proposal is consistent with New Zealand's international obligations, other domestic legislation and existing institutional structures. The paper concludes with a statement on the importance to our future well-being of developing a comprehensive and enduring Oceans Policy.

scholarly journals Changes And New Constraints In The Competition Rules Enforcement Due To Accession: The Perception Of The Romanian Companies

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Mihaela Dima
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Free Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Many times, in the attempt to win or to maintain an advantageous position on the market, the economic agent will use a whole arsenal of practices (inclusively and mostly from the marketing field), most of them anticompetitive, with a negative impact on the business environment, which also affects the well-being of the consumer. The policy in the field of competition is the one that defines these types of behaviour and penalizes them depending on the importance of their negative impact, by creating a complex and coherent legislative and institutional mechanism. The right enforcement of the competition policy at the national level is the key in this process, but this should be coordinated with the regional and international objectives and regulations in this field. Romania is facing a double challenge: on the one side, it had to set up a competition policy, which was almost ignored before the90s, on the other side, it had to comply, recently, with high standards in the field, as an EU candidate. Now, as a member state, the promotion of a competition culture becomes a must, along with the design of an adequate system of information and knowledge dissemination for all of those involved. The paper is based on a original and qualitative research and aims at emphasising the increased necessity of the promotion of a competition culture for the competitiveness of the Romanian business environment on the European level in the new context of accession. This will help Romanian business to face the competition challenges within a more extended single European market, as an essential issue of the free market economy status recently granted, and accordingly to the most important EU objectives set up at Lisabon to become the most competitive economy in the world up to 2010.

scholarly journals Evaluando el bienestar humano y los servicios de los ecosistemas en San Jacinto de Santay, Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Daniel Gómez de la Torre Hidalgo ◽  
Mateo Aguado Caso ◽  
María Cristina Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
Subjective Satisfaction ◽  
Clean Air

This research identifies the influencing factors on human well-being in the San Jacinto de Santay community by interpreting subjective satisfaction with life revealed by its inhabitants in a crosssectional study. The dependent variable was explained by age, social relationships, and time available for recreation activities. In addition, ecosystem services perceived as critical were identified: clean air and wild food (mainly artisanal fishing). The analysis of the results, using a Mann-Whitney test and analysis of covariance and redundancy, highlighted sustainable management and the importance of understanding the contributions of the natural environment.

THE EVOLUTION OF STUDIES ON BUSINESS LOCATION FACTORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550023 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARISIA VLACHOU ◽  
OLGA IAKOVIDOU
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Business Location ◽  
National Institutions

Entrepreneurship has been widely considered as the power that drives development and well-being in the regions it affects. As a result, local, regional and national institutions, as well as researches in different disciplines, have focused on finding and researching the factors leading to the installation of business on a certain location. Therefore, it seems well-timed to present a quantitative survey of the literature review of this field. The scope of this article is to present past and present research studies related to the business location factors (BLF) identifying the most important sub-topics, contributors and their geographical distribution, major outlets, main empirical methodologies employed, as well as the most frequently studied countries. The presentation and documentation of the existing literature review could be a valuable tool for policy makers in the regional and national level, as well as for active entrepreneurs and researchers engaged in relevant academic disciples. Policy makers could take advantage of the BLF to attract investments in regions seeking development while active entrepreneurs could realize the important role played by the factors affecting the location of their business in a specific place and researchers could trace and fill in potential research voids on this subject.

scholarly journals Transitioning to Sponge Cities: Challenges and Opportunities to Address Urban Water Problems in China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Zevenbergen ◽  
Dafang Fu ◽  
Assela Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Sustainable Urban Water Management

At present, the Sponge City Concept (SCC) is gaining ground, Sponge Cities technologies are becoming more and more accepted by Chinese city governments, and the first best practices are being shared. However, there are still many challenges ahead which hamper effective implementation and upscaling. This paper presents an overview of some opportunities and constraints for the take up of this approach and has drawn upon international experiences. In China at the national level, the State Council has set a progressive target for the SCC initiative to be achieved in 2030. This target seems to be ambitious as the time needed for integrative planning and design and implementation is much longer than traditional sectoral approaches often omitting to address social well-being, the (local) economy, and ecosystem health. This particularly holds true for the existing building stock. Transforming the existing building stock requires a long-term planning horizon, with urban restoration, regeneration, and modernization being key drivers for adapting the city to become a sponge city. A key challenge will be to align the sponge city initiative (SCI) projects with infrastructure and urban renovation portfolios. Moreover, substantial investment needs and a lack of reliable financing schemes and experience also provide a huge challenge for China. This calls for an integrative opportunistic strategy that creates enabling conditions for linking the SCI investment agenda with those from other sectors. These transformations cannot be made overnight: completing the transformation process will typically take a life time of one generation. The progress in sustainable urban water management is also impacted by innovations in technologies as well as in management strategies. These technological innovations create fertile ground for businesses to adapt state-of-the-art developments from around the world and contextualize them into fit-for-purpose products. China is well-placed to play a leading role in this process in the coming decade.

Authenticity and employee wellbeing with reference to emotional work: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Emotional Dissonance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Authentic Self ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Employee Wellbeing ◽  
Emotional Work

Purpose In the service industry, there is an involvement of the human factor which comprises continuous interpersonal interactions. Sometimes, these interactions create incongruence between displayed and felt emotions which distract the employees from their authentic self and impair their well-being. This paper aims to made an attempt to review different studies to identify an association between authenticity at the workplace and employee well-being with reference to emotional work. Design/methodology/approach The different studies have been reviewed mentioning the association between authenticity at the workplace and employee well-being with reference to emotional work published during the period of 1983–2020. The database which is used to identify and extract the research papers includes APA PycNET, Business Perspectives, Elsevier, Emerald Insight, Inderscience Publishers, SAGE, Taylor and Francis, etc. The keywords used for shortlisting the studies include employee well-being, emotional work, emotional dissonance, job satisfaction, surface acting, authenticity, burnout, authentic living, self-alienation. Findings The study has determined that emotional work influences the authenticity of an employee which further impacts the well-being of employees. Research limitations/implications The present review would aid the researchers in explaining the relevance of authenticity at the workplace for enhancing the employee well-being specifically in emotional work settings. Social implications Promoting well-being at the workplace requires an action-oriented approach from the national level also. Hence, the present study may help in drawing inferences for framing well-being policies for employees at the national level. Originality/value The paper is amongst the few reviews which have analysed the substantial role of authenticity in the context of emotional work to improve employee well-being.

Dimensioning of riparian buffer zones in agricultural catchments at national level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Uuemaa ◽  
Ain Kull ◽  
Kiira Mõisja ◽  
Hanna-Ingrid Nurm ◽  
Alexander Kmoch
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Riparian Buffer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Riparian Buffer Zones ◽  
Buffer Width

<p>Intensive agricultural production interferes with natural cycles of nutrients (mostly nitrogen and phosphorus) and may lead to water quality degradation due to excessive nutrient loadings. To mitigate this effect at the landscape level establishment of buffering vegetated strips is an efficient measure.</p><p>Recommending optimal widths for riparian buffer zones to reduce the agricultural runoff is still a challenging task, in particular when considering the spatial variability of the landscape. Empirical-based approaches include assessment of terrain, soil types, land use and vegetation, and are often realised in computationally expensive hydrological simulation. However, trade-offs have to be made between spatial resolution and areal extent. Another elegant empirical-based approach are nomographs, where via triangulation of a specific slope length, terrain slope and soil type recommended buffer width can be easily calculated. Mander and Kuusemets (1998) already developed such a nomograph for Estonian catchments in 1998, yet, a computational use case has not been explored.</p><p>We implemented the nomograph as a GIS algorithm in Python/QGIS to retrieve the recommended buffer width at national level. We synthesized a specific slope length via a weighted average of flow length, local flow accumulation and LS factor, and then use the specific slope length, slope derived from 5 m spatial resolution DEM and soil texture classes as inputs for the algorithm. We applied this algorithm and calculated recommendable buffer strip widths for the whole of country of Estonia, over an area of approx. 43,000 km<sup>2</sup>. We evaluated the uncertainty of the results as well the algorithm’s sensitivity to input weights.</p><p>The developed algorithm is applicable in any region with relevant adjustments to local soil types. The result directly informs policy making by being able to more specifically decide and explain variations of buffer zone widths along water bodies.</p>

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