scholarly journals Clinical and endoscopic spectrum of upper gastrointestinal manifestations in HIV patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
VN Ravikumar ◽  
K Rudresh ◽  
U Jalihal ◽  
R Satish ◽  
R Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Mucosal Involvement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Oesophageal Candidiasis

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patient frequently report upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms; however their prevalence and diagnostic approach is not well known. Objective: The objective of this study was to study clinical, endoscopic and histopathological changes in HIV infected patients with upper GI symptoms and their correlation with CD4 count. Materials and methods: We evaluated 50 HIV infected patients who presented to M.S. Ramaiah hospital with upper GI symptoms. All patients answered questionnaire assessing upper GI symptoms and underwent upper GI endoscopy. Mucosal biopsy was taken wherever mucosal abnormality seen. Results: In our study, the mean age of patients was 40.98 yrs, of which 80% were males. Vomiting (36%), epigastric pain (36 %), weight loss (34 %) and anorexia (34%) were the predominant symptoms. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings revealed- Oesophageal candidiasis in 28.0%, esophagitis in 22.0%, gastritis in 20.0 %, duodenitis in 14 %, normal upper GI mucosa in 18 % patients. Oesophageal candidiasis was the most common finding on histopathological examination and the mean CD4 count was 157.92 cells/μl. Conclusion: Vomiting, epigastric pain, weight loss and anorexia were most frequent symptoms. Oral candidiasis was the most common oral lesion. Oesophageal candidiasis, oesophagitis and oesophageal ulcers were the common findings on EGD. Patient with CD4 count less than 200cells/μl had more frequent upper GI mucosal involvement than in patients with CD4 count more than 200. Majority of the patients with GI symptoms had upper GI mucosal changes and opportunistic infections. Thus endoscopic and histopathological evaluation is advisable for the early diagnosis and treatment of upper GI complications in patients with HIV infection. Key words: AIDS; Oesophageal candidiasis; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; HIV; Upper gastrointestinal symptoms. DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3217 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 1, Issue 29, 25-28

scholarly journals A clinico-endoscopic study of upper GI disorders in rural population

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Ramesh Ainapure ◽  
Vishal Tanga
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Oesophageal Varices ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: Upper gastrointestinal disorders are commonly seen in routine clinical practice. The definitive diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal disorders rest on endoscopic evaluation and biopsy if required for planning proper treatment. The objectives of the study were to determine the spectrum of disease in upper gastrointestinal tract and to establish endoscopy as an effective tool in the proper diagnosis of various upper gastrointestinal tract disorders.Methods: A prospective study was conducted among patients who presented with upper gastrointestinal symptoms at Gadag Institute Medical College, from August 2016 to August 2017, Gadag. After history taking and physical examination, patients were subjected to fibre-optic upper GI scopy.Results: The result of present study showed male predominance associated with the upper GI disorders. Gastritis (45.65%) was the most common finding followed by normal exam (17.39%), GERD (6.83%), oesophageal cancer (2.17), Oesophagitis (4.34), gastric ulcer (9.31%), and gastric cancer (3.10%), duodenitis (5.90%) and oesophageal varices at 5.27% Gastritis is the most common upper GI disorder seen the patient population.Conclusions: Upper GI endoscopy is an effective and appropriate approach for initial investigation to assess patients with GI symptoms. Thus, it helps early management gastric disorders.

scholarly journals The study of clinical and endoscopic spectrum of upper gastrointestinal manifestations in HIV patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Raman Parashar ◽  
Deepali Kaushik ◽  
Praveen K. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Antral Gastritis ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Candida Esophagitis ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: Opportunistic disorders are the most frequent GI complications of HIV infection and remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. These disorders account for high prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as dysphagia, odynophagia, retrosternal chest pain, abdominal pain and upper GI bleeding. Hence an attempt is being made to study clinical, endoscopic and biopsy changes in HIV patients with upper GI symptoms which helps us to make early diagnosis of upper GI disorders in HIV patients.Methods: HIV positive patients above 14 yrs diagnosed on the basis of recent NACO criteria having Upper G.I. symptoms, attending OPD of Department of Medicine admitted in Wards. All fifty three patients with upper G.I. symptoms were subjected to detail history, thorough clinical examination, routine and special investigations and Upper G.I Endoscopy.Results: Out of fifty three patients, nineteen (35.8%) cases had normal endoscopy. The most common finding was Antral Gastritis in fourteen (26.4%), followed by Candida esophagitis in twelve (22.6%), esophagitis in three (5.7%), candida esophagitis with antral gastritis in two (3.8%), duodenitis, varices and mass (ulcerated growth) in II part of Duodenum seen in one (1.9%) each.Conclusions: The evaluation of specific gastrointestinal complaints must be based on an assessment of degree of immunosuppression. With the progression of immunodeficiency, EGD becomes a useful diagnostic modality for the early diagnosis of these opportunistic infections and other inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals CandidaEsophagitis in an Immunocompetent Pregnant Woman

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Greenspoon ◽  
Seth Kivnick
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background:Nausea and vomiting are common during the first half of pregnancy and usually require only supportive measures. When symptoms are progressive and weight loss occurs, treatable causes should be sought by means of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. We report a case of an immunocompetent gravida with invasiveCandida albicansesophagitis.Case:The immunocompetent primigravida developed progressive nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and a 4.1 kg weight loss during the second trimester of pregnancy. Treatment with metoclopramide and cimetidine for presumed gastroesophageal reflux was not effective. The patient had normal T-cell CD4 and CD8 subsets and was human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody negative. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealedC. albicansesophagitis which was treated with oral nystatin. The esophagitis had resolved completely when reassessed postpartum. The use of histamine2blockers is associated with an increased risk for fungal esophagitis and may have been a contributing cause in this case.Conclusion:Pregnant patients with persistent nausea, vomiting, and weight loss should be evaluated by endoscopy for fungal esophagitis.

Food and Fluid Intake and Disturbances in Gastrointestinal and Mental Function during an Ultramarathon

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Glace ◽  
Christine Murphy ◽  
Malachy McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Mental Function ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Gastrointestinal Distress ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food And Fluid Intake ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study was to document eating strategies employed by runners during a 160-km race, and to identify eating patterns that predispose the runner to disturbed mental or gastrointestinal functioning. We monitored intake in 19 volunteers during the 12 hours pre-race. Intake was determined by interview with runners approximately every 12 km throughout the race. The mean finish time was 24.3 hours, with 4 runners not completing the race. Body mass decreased during the race, 75.9 ± 2.3 kg to 74.4 ± 2.2 kg (p < .001). Runners ingested 2643 kcals during the 12 hours prerace (68% carbohydrate) and 3.8 L of fluid. During the race 6047 kcal, 18 L of fluid, and 12 g of sodium were consumed. Gastrointestinal distress (GI) was experienced by half of the participants, but was unrelated to food or fluid intake. Upper GI symptoms were more prevalent than lower and occurred mainly after 88 km. Runners with GI distress tended to complete fewer training miles (p = .10) and to do shorter training runs (p = .08). Half of the volunteers reported mental status changes (MSC), such as confusion or dizziness. Runners with MSC had greater intake of total calories, carbohydrate, and fluid (p < .05) than runners without MSC. They also completed shorter training runs (p = .03). Caloric and moisture intake for all runners far exceeded intakes described previously. Although intake did not match energy expenditure, it may represent the upper limit for absorption during exercise, and very high food and/or fluid intake appears to lead to perturbed mental status.

scholarly journals Evaluation of persistent upper abdominal pain by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Keyur Suryakant Patel ◽  
Prabhat B. Nichkaode ◽  
Sunil V. Panchabhai ◽  
Manichandra Reddy ◽  
Balaji Prathep Santhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Duodenal Lesions ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: The upper gastrointestinal tract is affected by a spectrum of conditions which span from infectious, idiopathic, inflammatory diseases, polyps, motility disorders and malignancy. Upper gastrointestinal scopy is believed to be the most effective screening modality as it not only allows direct visualization of oesophagus, gastric and duodenal mucosa but to perform biopsies in suspected malignancies. Aim: To evaluate persistent upper abdominal pain by upper gastrointestinal scopy.Methods: A total of 100 patients presented with complains of persistent upper abdominal pain were subjected to upper gastrointestinal scopy. Biopsies in indicated cases were taken from abnormal areas and sent for histopathology.Results: Most common finding in patients according to upper gastrointestinal scopy was gastritis (27%), followed by duodentitis (9%), and gastroduodenitis (7%). Rapid urease test in cases of gastritis and duodenitis to determine H. pylori infection were positive in 53.8% cases.Conclusions: Because of its precision and relatively safe technique upper GI endoscopy can be considered in patients above age of 50 years presenting to surgical OPD with complaints of persistent pain in upper abdomen. Investigating helicobacter pylori should be considered in all patients found to have gastric or duodenal lesions on upper GI endoscopy as its association with these lesions ranges from 50 to 80%.

scholarly journals Upper GI Endoscopy in Children: An Experience from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU)

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Wahiduzzaman Mazumder ◽  
Md Rukunuzzaman ◽  
Atiar Rahman ◽  
SM Baqui Billah ◽  
Kaniz Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gi Bleeding ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Post Procedure ◽  
Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy is a safe and sensitive investigation in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal diseases. There is limited study on paediatric upper GI endoscopy in our country. This study was done only in BSMMU, a tertiary care health facility of Bangladesh.Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the indications, common endoscopic findings and immediate post procedure complication of UGI endoscopy in children.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 100 patients from August 2013 to October 2014. The indications for UGI endoscopy, common endoscopic findings and immediate post procedure complications were collected from case recording &were analyzed.Results: The commonest indication was upper GI bleeding in the form of hematemesis with or without melenae (41%). The most common finding was esophageal varices (49%). Less common findings were esophagitis, gastritis & gastro-duodenal ulcer. There was no post procedure complication.Conclusion: In the study, the commonest indication for Pediatric UGI endoscopy was upper GI bleeding and the commonest endoscopic abnormality was esophageal varices. No immediate post procedure complication was noted in the study.Bangladesh J Child Health 2016; VOL 40 (1) :17-20

scholarly journals Three year experience of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic procedures at a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3064-3065
Author(s):  
F Mohyud Din Ch. ◽  
M. Asif Gul ◽  
Rizwan Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Endoscopic Procedures ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Keywords Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Complications Of Cirrhosis ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Introduction: Endoscopy has become a necessity in diagnosing gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The objective of our study was to evaluate the different indications and findings of upper GI endoscopy. Methods: This retrospective analysis was undertaken at department of Gastroenterology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Records of all upper GI endoscopic procedures from 1st January 2018 till 31st December 2020 were evaluated. Results: A total 3299 upper GI endoscopic procedures were perfumed during the three-year time period. Mean age was 47 years. Majority of patients were males. Almost 48% of patients belonged to the middle-aged group. The most common indication was upper GI bleeding (57%), followed by dyspepsia (15%). The most common finding was esophageal varices (43%), followed by portal gastropathy (26%) and gastritis (16%). Conclusion: This study concludes that the majority of endoscopies are being undertaken as a result of complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Keywords: Endoscopy, audit, indications, findings

DOZ047.04: Upper gastrointestinal microbiome in esophageal atresia

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Krishnan ◽  
H Singh ◽  
N Kaakoush
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endoscopic Assessment ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Abstract Background Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare defect, resulting in the condition being understudied. Specifically, information on the upper gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of EA patients is lacking. Aims This study aimed to examine the composition of the upper GI (oral, esophageal, and gastric fluid) microbiomes of EA patients as compared to controls. Methods A pediatric cohort was prospectively recruited at Sydney Children's Hospital in 2018, and comprised children with a history of EA and those without EA. The groups were subdivided into children with GERD, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and those with no disease. Biopsies, saliva, blood, and both tracheal and gastric aspirates were collected. Histology was reviewed for changes related to reflux and peak eosinophil count in subjects with EoE. Ethics approval has been granted and informed consent obtained from all patients and/or their guardians. The bacterial component (16S rRNA gene) of the microbiome was amplified using the 515F–806R primers and sequenced with Illumina MiSeq 2 × 250 bp chemistry. Reads were analyzed using mothur and R. Results Within the cohort (n = 47), 29 (61.7%) had EA and 18 (39.3%) were non-EA patients. The mean age of the whole cohort was 8.36 years (SD 5.05) and 24 (44%) were male. Non-EA patients were having endoscopic assessment of GERD, EoE, suspected celiac or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Active GERD, defined as histological changes on biopsy, an abnormal acid reflux index, or retrograde bolus movement on pH/impedance testing, was present in 11 (23.4%; 5 with EA) children. The mean eosinophil count in patients with EoE was 11.1 (SD 14.74) in the EA cohort and 15.9 (SD 21) in the non-EA cohort. Proton pump inhibitors were used by 29 (61.7%; 16 with EA). EoE was present in 18 (44.4%; 8 with EA). Swallowed steroids were used in 13 (27.6%) patients with EoE. Microbiome changes were observed in patients with EA as compared to controls. Conclusions This study is the first to examine the upper GI microbiome of children with EA. Changes in the upper GI microbiomes of children with EA require validation in larger cohorts.

scholarly journals Insights into the evaluation and management of dyspepsia: recent developments and new guidelines

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 175628481880559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Black ◽  
Lesley A. Houghton ◽  
Alexander C. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Gi Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Epigastric Pain Syndrome ◽  
Upper Gi Endoscopy ◽  
H Pylori

Dyspepsia is a very common gastrointestinal (GI) condition worldwide. We critically examine the recommendations of recently published guidelines for the management of dyspepsia, including those produced jointly by the American College of Gastroenterology and the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, and those published by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Dyspepsia is a symptom complex, characterized by a range of upper GI symptoms including epigastric pain or burning, early satiety, and post-prandial fullness. Although alarm features are used to help prioritize access to upper GI endoscopy, they are of limited utility in predicting endoscopic findings, and the majority of patients with dyspepsia will have no organic pathology identified at upper GI endoscopy. These patients are labelled as having functional dyspepsia (FD). The Rome IV criteria, which are used to define FD, further subclassify patients with FD as having either epigastric pain syndrome or post-prandial distress syndrome, depending on their predominant symptoms. Unfortunately, the Rome criteria perform poorly at identifying FD without the need for upper GI endoscopy. This has led to the investigation of alternative diagnostic approaches, including whether a capsaicin pill or combined serum biomarkers can accurately identify patients with FD. However, there is insufficient evidence to support either of these approaches at the present time. Patients with FD should be tested for H. pylori infection and be prescribed eradication therapy if they test positive. If they continue to have symptoms following this, then a trial of treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) should be given for up to 8 weeks. In cases where symptoms fail to adequately respond to PPI treatment, a tricyclic antidepressant may be of benefit, and should be continued for 6 to 12 months in patients who respond. Prokinetics demonstrate limited efficacy for treating FD, but could be considered if other strategies have failed. However, there are practical difficulties due to their limited availability in some countries and the risk of serious side effects. Patients with FD who fail to respond to drug treatments should be offered psychological therapy, where available. Overall, with the exception of recommendations relating to H. pylori testing and the prescription of PPIs, which are made on the basis of high-quality evidence, the evidence underpinning other elements of dyspepsia management is largely of low-quality. Consequently, there are still many aspects of the evaluation and management of dyspepsia that require further research.

scholarly journals Contribution of acid and duodenogastrooesophageal reflux to oesophageal mucosal injury and symptoms in partial gastrectomy patients

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Vaezi ◽  
J E Richter
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
Partial Gastrectomy ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Oesophageal Reflux ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background—The role of acid and pepsin in causing symptoms and oesophagitis is well established; however, the significance of duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux (DGOR) in this disorder is unclear.Aims—To understand the role of acid and DGOR in causing upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and oesophageal mucosal injury in partial gastrectomy (PG) patients.Methods—Thirty two PG patients with upper GI symptoms were studied. Twenty four hour ambulatory acid and bilirubin measurements were obtained with Bilitec 2000 using glass electrode and fibreoptic sensor. Upper GI symptoms and oesophagitis were correlated with either acid or DGOR.Results—The PG patients were a heterogeneous group: 28% (9/32) had mixed reflux (acid+/DGOR+); 50% (16/32) had only DGOR (acid−/DGOR+); and 22% (7/32) had neither (acid−/DGOR−). Upper GI symptoms were associated with both mixed reflux (69%) and DGOR (24%). Six patients (67%) in the acid+/DGOR+ group had oesophagitis; no acid−/DGOR+ or acid−/DGOR− patients had oesophagitis. Mixed reflux showed a significant (p<0.0001) association with oesophagitis, while DGOR did not (p=0.3).Conclusions—(1) The majority of upper GI symptoms and all cases of oesophagitis in the PG patients occurred in patients who had mixed refluxate (acid and DGOR); (2) DGOR without simultaneous acid reflux may cause symptoms, but was not associated with oesophagitis in this patient group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document