scholarly journals Integrated Disease Management of Tomato Late Blight

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna K. Shrestha ◽  
Richard Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Over Time

Tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a  serious disease of tomato and potato worldwide. The disease causes severe  crop losses in the tomato growing regions of the world. Most of the cultivars  grown in the world are reported to be susceptible to late blight. Systemic  fungicides have been used widely in the past, but the disease has developed  resistance over time. The present study was carried out to minimize  fungicide use through integrated pest management. The bio-pesticides  Azadirachta indica (Neem), Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) and Trichoderma  viride were tested along with the fungicides Krilaxyl (metalaxyl 8% and  mancozeb 64%) and Dithane M-45 (mancozeb 80%) in Nepal during 2000  and 2001. All three bio-pesticides were found more effective than the control  in reducing development of the disease and they increased yield over the  control by 17 to 41%. However, the fungicides, Krilaxyl and Dithane M-45  were observed even more effective. Two transplanting dates ie first and third  week of July were tested against late blight in rainy season during 2000and  2001 and observed its effect on yields. Lower disease incidence and better  yield were found in the second planting.  Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 67-76DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11583

scholarly journals Split-footed lacewings declined over time: indications from the morphological diversity of their antlion-like larvae

PalZ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon T. Haug ◽  
Carolin Haug ◽  
Serita van der Wal ◽  
Patrick Müller ◽  
Joachim T. Haug
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Poor Group ◽  
Outline Analysis ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Antlion Larvae

AbstractNymphidae, the group of split-footed lacewings, is a rather species-poor group. Split-footed lacewings nowadays are restricted to Australasia, while fossil forms are also known from other areas of the world, indicating that the group was more species-rich and therefore likely diverse in the past. Split-footed lacewings have rather distinct larvae, roughly resembling antlion larvae, but differing from the latter especially with regard to the mandibles. Antlion larvae usually have three prominent teeth on each mandible, while at least extant larvae of split-footed lacewings only have a single prominent tooth per mandible. Fossils interpreted as larvae of split-footed lacewings are well known from amber from Myanmar (ca. 100 myr; Burmese amber) and by a single specimen from Baltic amber (about 40 myr). We here report additional fossil specimens from Myanmar amber, expanding the known record of fossil forms from six depicted specimens to 15. For the extant fauna, we could compile 25 larvae. We compare the diversity of shape of extant and fossil larvae through time using an outline analysis (based on elliptic Fourier transformation) of the head. The results of this analysis indicate that the morphological diversity, or disparity, of split-footed lacewing larvae was higher in the past than it is today. With this type of analysis, we can show a loss of diversity over time, without the necessity to identify the fossil larvae down to a narrow taxonomical range. A similar pattern has already been recognised in silky lacewings, Psychopsidae. This might indicate a general loss of diversity of lacewing larvae.

The Writing and the Bronze: Commemoration as Historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200042
Author(s):  
Alan Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The World ◽  
Historic Monuments ◽  
Over Time

Historic monuments are the most public and recognized forms of commemoration. In Canada, as around the world, many monuments have come under fire recently for celebrating a vision of the past that is no longer palatable to large segments of the population. The heroes and events they enshrine have been denounced by many as tributes to racism, yet they are valued by others as aspects of our collective history and a celebration of our national heritage. Both these positions gloss over the complexity of the historical act of raising monuments and interpreting their historical meanings. Monuments in Canada, like all forms of commemoration, are reflections of the historiographical and methodological trends contemporary to the discipline of history at the time of their creation. Changes in methods and interpretations have thus also affected their meaning over time. Thus, monuments are not straightforward representations of history but, instead, layered expressions of historiography in physical form. Ascribing to them singular meanings obscures the complexity of the societies that constructed them and simplifies their connections to public life.

India and the World

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Malone ◽  
C. Raja Mohan ◽  
Srinath Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Extensive Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs ◽  
Indian Foreign Policy ◽  
Over Time

India has emerged as a leading voice in global affairs in the past two decades. Its fast-growing domestic market largely explains the ardour with which Delhi is courted by powers great and small. India is also becoming increasingly important to global geostrategic calculations, being the only Asian country with the heft to counterbalance China over time. Nevertheless, India’s foreign policy has been relatively neglected in the existing literature. ThisHandbook, edited by three widely recognized students of the topic, provides an extensive survey of India’s external relations. The authors include leading Indian scholars and commentators of the field and several outstanding foreign scholars and practitioners. They address factors in Indian foreign policy flowing from both history and geography and also discuss key relationships, issues, and multilateral forums through which the country’s international relations are refracted.

TBE in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dace Zavadska ◽  
Zane Freimane
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
Northwestern Coast ◽  
Very High

Aggregated data on TBE cases in Latvia are available from 1955,1 but serological testing for TBE began in the 1970’s.2 Since TBE became notifiable in Latvia, epidemiological changes of disease incidence have been dramatic. Between 1990–2000 Latvia had the highest rates of TBE incidence in the world, ranging from 8 to 53 cases per 100,000 population.2 Although the incidence decreased significantly in the past 10 years to about half – from 14.58/100,000 in 2010 to 7.86/100,000 in 2018 – Latvia still ranks very high among all countries in Europe with an annual incidence of 11.45/100,000 in 2020. The distribution of TBE cases in Latvia varies between different regions with the highest incidence usually registered near the northwestern coast.

Leadership and Personal Danger in African Politics

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
African Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Over Time

To be a political leader in many parts of the world is to follow an extremely hazardous and insecure occupation. In addition, in sub-Saharan Africa, but elsewhere as well, the element of personal danger exists in a particularly acute form. Althought the extent to which this is true varies considerably not only from place to place but also over time, the evidence of the past 30 years clearly suggests that there are remarkably few states in which an individual could contemplate embarking on a career in politics free from the dauger of incurring severe personal penalties at some stage.

scholarly journals Exploring characteristics of COPD patients with clinical improvement after integrated disease management or usual care: post-hoc analysis of the RECODE study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Meijer ◽  
Annelies E. van Eeden ◽  
Annemarije L. Kruis ◽  
Melinde R.S. Boland ◽  
W. J.J. (Pim) Assendelft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The cluster randomized controlled trial on (cost-)effectiveness of integrated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management in primary care (RECODE) showed that integrated disease management (IDM) in primary care had no effect on quality of life (QOL) in COPD patients compared with usual care. It is possible that only a subset of COPD patients in primary care benefit from IDM. We therefore examined which patients benefit from IDM, and whether patient characteristics predict clinical improvement over time. Method: Post-hoc analyses of the RECODE trial among 1086 COPD patients. Logistic regression analyses were performed with baseline characteristics as predictors to examine determinants of improvement in QOL, defined as a minimal decline in Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) of 0.4 points after 12 and 24 months of IDM. We also performed moderation analyses to examine whether predictors of clinical improvement differed between IDM and usual care. Results: Regardless of treatment type, more severe dyspnea (MRC) was the most important predictor of clinically improved QOL at 12 and 24 months, suggesting that these patients have most room for improvement. Although the interaction effect between gender and treatment condition was nonsignificant, it appeared that male patients were worse off with IDM than usual care. Conclusions: More severe dyspnea is a key predictor of improved QOL in COPD patients over time. Future IDM programs, provided that they are effective, may benefit from tailoring to gender such that the programs meet the individual needs of both female and male COPD patients. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register, NTR2268. Registered 31 March 2010, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/2144 .

scholarly journals Female Roles in La Cinta Dorada by María Manuela Reina and Models of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Aguilar López ◽  
Marta Miguel Borge
Keyword(s):  
Internal Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Psychological Balance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Female Drama

Our model of the world that we perceive within ourselves, our conscience, in short, our psychological balance is influenced by our surroundings. Part of the input to which we are exposed in this immediate environment is related to texts, self-managed discourse, which can also influence our internal model of the world; hence they are deserving of our attention. In the same way as the models of the world that we construct throughout our lives, reality is not static and also changes as time goes by. From a social point of view, we can see that the roles of women in modern-day society and the ways that those roles can be perceived today are a consequence of changes initiated in the past within different areas and in a prolonged process over time up until our day. With the aim of evaluating whether female drama has contributed to that change, we present an analysis in this paper of the play La Cinta Dorada [The Golden Ribbon] by María Manuela Reina, written and set in the 1980s, a decade that for Spain implied a more obvious abandonment of the most traditional conceptions of the role of women. In the analysis of the play, we see how the models of the world of the older people are counterposed with those of the younger people, a generational divide that is enriched with the gender difference, as we also analyze how the psychological structures of the female and male characters confront the clichés pertaining to another era in reference to such topics as success, infidelity, matrimony, and gender. The results of our analysis demonstrate how Reina responds to archaic conceptions, thereby inciting the audiences of the day to question their respective models of the world, especially, with regard to the role of the woman in society. 

scholarly journals ‘Dragging Seventy Little Plaits of Her Across the Land of the Altai’: Haircare, Hairstyles, and Hair Ornaments of the Southern Altaians from Historical and Cultural Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Tereza Hejzlarová ◽  
Martin Rychlík
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Universals ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Over Time

This study deals with haircare, hair ornaments, hairstyles, and hairrelated rituals of the Southern Altaians (Altai Kizhi, Telengits) and their development over time. Haircare has played an important role in Altaian society for centuries. It has been a ritual symbol, an indicator of gender, age, marital or social status. In context, hair has played a significant cultural and social role across societies and historical periods around the world. For this reason, haircare has also been sometimes included among the so-called cultural or human universals, i.e. phenomena that are common to all known human cultures in time and space. The source of information for this study was the authors’ own field research, relevant literature and visual sources documenting the broader context of haircare. The issue is viewed from historical and cultural perspectives, with the main focus on the current haircare of the Altaian people in connection with changes compared to the past. The study focuses on selected phenomena that proved to be the most important in the field research in terms of their existence and the role they currently play in Altaian society. It does not therefore aim to cover the full breadth of the topic, but leaves room for further research on sub-topics.

scholarly journals Has Continued Exposure to Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Worsened Farmers’ Welfare Over Time? Evidence From Banana-Producing Households in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Esther Gloria Mbabazi ◽  
Enoch M. Kikulwe ◽  
Joseph Lule Kyanjo ◽  
Nasser Mulumba ◽  
Edward Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Banana Xanthomonas Wilt

The livelihoods of millions of banana-farming households have been affected by Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) in Uganda for nearly two decades. The disease has no known cure, all banana cultivars grown are susceptible to it and it is endemic in all banana-producing regions in the country. This study analysed the long-term impact of the disease on the livelihoods of banana-producing households. Using a balanced panel dataset of 1,056 households, which were visited in 2015 and revisited in 2018, provides the opportunity to empirically measure the long-term consequences of the disease on farmers’ economic wellbeing in the four major banana growing regions in Uganda. We find striking results pertinent to disease incidence, success in disease management, household income and poverty when deploying BXW control practices. Although the disease has remained present in farmers’ fields, there is a significant reduction in household poverty levels. Results show that some farmers expanded the production of beans and coffee without encroaching on their banana plantations. Increase in bean production was largely through intercropping. Investment in coffee was constrained by land ownership, hence only a viable venture for the wealthy farmers who own bigger pieces of land. Land-poor farmers continued to rely on bananas for their livelihoods. Consistent participation in disease management training significantly influenced adoption of the cultural control practices. Consequently, farming households that systematically adopted these practices were able to maintain low levels of disease incidence, improve productivity by 438 kg/ha/year and increased their daily and annual household income by US$1.75 and UGX 2.383 million (US$648), respectively. The findings suggest that banana is an important crop to smallholder farmers and expansion into other cash crops requires bigger resource outlays, and that despite continued exposure to BXW, farmers’ income increased over time. Farmers should continuously and systematically use the recommended control practices to avoid BXW resurgence and, consequently, a reduction in their income.

Marine Life Features and Their Transmissibility Through Broadcasting

2022 ◽  
pp. 302-321
Author(s):  
Jorge Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Human Pressure ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Transmission Of Values ◽  
Over Time

Avid readers find in literature real or imaginary scenarios, which are written in such a way that make them visit the portrayed places. The same goes for films, or documentary series, where the narrator plays a fundamental role in captivating the viewer. Both means are inductors of cultural and/or nature tourism, regardless of everyone's personal motivations. The transmission of values is important and varies over time. In the past some marine animals were perceived negatively by humans, which has faded over time. Ecotourism with activities related to the sea is a relatively recent tourism niche. Nature films or series are often boosters of impulses in tourists for the search for natural, unexplored places or places with little human pressure. Some tourist activities in the nature tourism line developed all over the world—from this induction—such as the cases of diving and observation of marine animals.

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