scholarly journals Soil microbial biomass in relation to fine root in Kiteni hill Sal forest of Ilam, eastern Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sal Forest

Soil microbial biomass in relation to fine root was studied in Kiteni hill Sal (Shorea robusta) forest of Ilam during summer season. The forest had sandy loam type of soil texture. Organic carbon was higher in 0-15 cm depth (2.09%) than in 15-30 cm depth (1.53%). Total nitrogen of 0- 15 cm depth was 0.173% and in 15-30 cm depth was 0.124%. Soil microbial biomass of carbon of Kiteni hill sal forest was (445.14 ?g g-1) and microbial biomass of nitrogen was (49.07 ?g g-1). Fine root biomass of this forest was 2.34 t ha-1 (<2 mm diameter) and 0.93 t ha-1 (2-5 mm diameter) in 0-15 cm depth and 0.73 t ha-1 (<2 mm diameter) and 0.46 t ha-1 (2-5 mm diameter) in 15-30 cm depth. Organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of upper layer soil were negatively correlated with fine root biomass of forest. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7493 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 80-87 (2012)

scholarly journals Soil Aggregation and Organic Carbon Dynamics in Poplar Plantations

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Ge ◽  
Shuiyuan Fang ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Rongwei Zhu ◽  
Sili Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon

Soil resident water-stable macroaggregates (diameter (Ø) > 0.25 mm) play a critical role in organic carbon conservation and fertility. However, limited studies have investigated the direct effects of stand development on soil aggregation and its associated mechanisms. Here, we examined the dynamics of soil organic carbon, water-stable macroaggregates, litterfall production, fine-root (Ø < 1 mm) biomass, and soil microbial biomass carbon with stand development in poplar plantations (Populus deltoides L. ‘35’) in Eastern Coastal China, using an age sequence (i.e., five, nine, and 16 years since plantation establishment). We found that the quantity of water-stable macroaggregates and organic carbon content in topsoil (0–10 cm depth) increased significantly with stand age. With increasing stand age, annual aboveground litterfall production did not differ, while fine-root biomass sampled in June, August, and October increased. Further, microbial biomass carbon in the soil increased in June but decreased when sampled in October. Ridge regression analysis revealed that the weighted percentage of small (0.25 mm ≤ Ø < 2 mm) increased with soil microbial biomass carbon, while that of large aggregates (Ø ≥ 2 mm) increased with fine-root biomass as well as microbial biomass carbon. Our results reveal that soil microbial biomass carbon plays a critical role in the formation of both small and large aggregates, while fine roots enhance the formation of large aggregates.

scholarly journals Soil properties under different land use systems of Mizoram, North East India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chowlani Manpoong ◽  
S.K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial

Changes in land use and improper soil management have led to severe land degradation around the globe through the modification in soil physicochemical and biological processes. This study aimed to assess the soil properties of different land use system types. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected from five land uses; Rubber Plantation (RP), Oil Palm Plantation (OPP), Bamboo Forest (BF), Fallow Land (FL) and Natural Forest (NF) and analyzed for bulk density, soil texture, soil pH, soil moisture, soil carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration. Soil pH was lower than 4.9 in all the sites indicating that the surface soil was highly acidic. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) values ranged from 2.02% to 2.81% and 0.22% to 0.3% respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and soil microbial biomass (SMBC) were highly affected by soil moisture. NH4+-N and NO3--N ranged from 5.6 mg kg-1 to 10.2 mg kg-1 and 1.15 mg kg-1 to 2.81 mg kg-1 respectively. NF soils showed the maximum soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) whereas the minimum was observed in BF with values ranging from 340 mg kg-1 to 345 mg kg-1. Basal respiration was highest in RP (375 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1) and lowest in BF (224 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1). The findings demonstrated significant effect (p<0.05) of land use change on soil nutrient status and organic matter. Findings also indicated that land use change deteriorated native soil physicochemical and biological properties, but that land restoration practices through longer fallow period (>10 years) likely are successful in promoting the recovery of some soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Along Various Vegetation Types in Hongqipao Reservoir, Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yu ◽  
Patteson Chula Mwagona ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Soil Microbial

This study investigated the spatial variability of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in Hongqipao reservoir dominated by different vegetation types and the possible relationships with other soil properties. Top 0&ndash;50cm soil samples were collected in sites dominated by different vegetation types within the reservoir littoral zone. There was high spatial variability for SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN in the Hongqipao reservoir. In addition, the SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents decreased with increasing soil depth. This could be attributed by the fact that when plants detritus decompose, most of their organic matter is mineralized and a new soil layer which contains a greater amount of organic carbon is formed at the top. According to Pearson's correlation values and redundancy analysis (RDA) results, SOC was significantly and positively correlated with TN likely because the vegetation organic matter and liter could be the main nitrogen sources. Similarly, soil moisture content (MC) was significant positive correlated with SOC and TN. Conversely, BD was significant negative correlated with SOC and TN contents in the 0-50 cm soil profiles. However, no significant correlations were observed between SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents and soil pH values. SMBN was significantly and positive correlated with C:N ratio and BD and negative related with MC. Multiple linear regression model revealed that all measures soil properties in this study could explain higher significant variability of the response variables (SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN contents). This implies that all the measured soil variables within the different vegetation types in the reservoir played a crucial role in determining the contents of SOC, TN, SMBC and SMBN. This study further suggests that vegetation types play a major role in determining the spatial characteristics of SOC and TN. Any changes in the vegetation types in the reservoir may influence the distribution of SOC and TN. This may affect the global carbon budget and the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration significantly.

scholarly journals Effect of Altitude on Nutrient Concentration, Nutrient Stock and Uptake in Fine Root of Sal (Shorea Robusta Gaertn.) Forest in Terai and Hill Areas of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal ◽  
Tilak Prasad Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Nutrient Stock ◽  
Sal Forest

The present study was conducted to understand the effect of altitude on the nutrient concentration, nutrient stock, and uptake in the fine root of the Terai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF) in eastern Nepal. Annual mean fine root biomass in 0-30 cm soil depth was found higher in HSF (6.27 Mg ha-1) than TSF (5.05 Mg ha-1). Conversely, fine root production was higher in TSF (4.8 Mg ha-1 y-1) than HSF (4.12 Mg ha-1 y-1). Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in fine roots were slightly higher in TSF than HSF. Nutrient concentration in fine roots of smaller size (<2 mm diameter) was nearly 1.2 times greater than that of larger size (2–5 mm diameter) in both forests. In HSF total stock of different nutrients (kg ha-1) in fine root was 55.62 N, 4.99 P, and 20.15 K whereas, these values were 49.49 N, 4.14 P, and 19.27 K only in TSF. However, total nutrient uptake (kg ha-1y-1) by fine root (both size classes) was greater in TSF (48.5 N, 4.3 P, and 18.6 K) than HSF (36.9 N, 3.3 P, and 13.5 K). The variability in fine root nutrient dynamics between these two forests was explained by the differences in fine root biomass and production which were influenced by the combined effect of varied altitude and season. The fine root, as being a greater source of organic matter, the information on its nutrient dynamics is inevitable for the management of soil nutrients in the forest ecosystem.

scholarly journals Ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon in Himalayan rangeland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Madan Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Carbon

The soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon ratio is a useful measure to monitor soil organic matter and serves as a sensitive index than soil organic carbon alone. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify and quantify the present status of ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon in Himalayan rangeland and to make recommendations for enhancing balance between microbial carbon and organic carbon of the soil. To meet the aforementioned objective, a field study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 following the Walkley-Black, Chromic acid wet oxidation method, and chloroform fumigation method for analysis of microbial carbon and organic carbon respectively. The study showed that the heavily grazed plot had significantly less value of ratio than occasionally grazed and ungrazed plots. The ratio was significantly high on legume seeding plot compared to nonlegume plot, but the ratio was independent of soil depth. Soil microbial biomass appeared to be more responsive than soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Soil Microbial Biomass in Tarai and Hill Sal (Shorearobusta Gaertn.) Forests of Tropical Region in Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sal Forest

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal variation and seasonality on soil microbial biomass carbon (MB-C), nitrogen (MB-N), and phosphorus (MB-P) between Tarai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF) of the tropical region in eastern Nepal. Soil microbial biomass was estimated by chloroform fumigation - extraction method in summer, rainy and winter seasons in the upper (0-15 cm) soil depth in both forests. Pre-conditioned soil samples were saturated with purified liquid chloroform, represented fumigated sample. Another set of soil samples without using chloroform, represented unfumigated samples and soil biomass was estimated from these samples. MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were higher by 66%, 31%, and 9%, respectively, in HSF than TSF. Distinct seasonality was observed in soil microbial biomass. It was maximum in summer and minimum in rainy season in both the forest stands. The value decreased from summer to rainy season by 46 to 67% in HSF and by 32 to 80% in TSF. Higher soil microbial biomass in the summer season may be due to its accumulation in soil when the plant growth and nutrient demand are minimal. Analysis of variance suggested that MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were significantly different for both sites and seasons (P < 0.001). Soil organic carbon, TN, and TP were positively correlated with MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P in both the forests. In conclusion, the higher value of soil microbial biomass in HSF may be due to the higher concentration of soil organic matter and decreasing turnover rate of microbial biomass due to higher altitude. On the other hand, the lower value of microbial biomass at TSF may indicate its fast turnover rate due to lowland tropics to enhance the nutrient cycling process.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in available N and N-mineralization in relation to fine roots in landslide damaged sites in the sal forest ecosystem of Nepal Himalaya

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Sal Forest

Seasonal dynamics of available nitrogen and N-mineralization in relation to fine root biomass was studied in five landslide damaged (1 to 58 years old) sites in the moist tropical sal (Shorea robusta) forest ecosystem of Nepal Himalaya. Comparisons were made with an undisturbed mature sal forest site located in the same region. Concentrations of soil available-N (NH4+ and NO3-) increased with the age of site till 40-year old sites and then declined. However, the proportion of NH4+ in total available N increased distinctly with increase in the age of sites. The NH4+: NO3- ratio increased considerably from 1.15 in 1-year site to 2.4 in mature sal forest. On the other hand, the net N-mineralization rate increased consistently until 58 years of age but the proportion of nitrification rate relative to ammonification rate distinctly decreased beyond 40 years indicating the dominance of ammonification over nitrification in the older sites. Fine root biomass and N- mineralization rate both increased but available-N decreased during rainy season. On the other hand fine root biomass and N-mineralization rate both decreased and available N increased during summer season. During the summer season, fine root biomass decreased by 57 - 68% indicating a rapid turnover. High turnover of fine root at the younger sites (1 to 15 yrs old) add more organic matter for the developing vegetation. Fine root biomass was positively correlated with the concentration of available-N and N-mineralization rate. It is concluded that fine root development was facilitated by higher amounts of available-N. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7478 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 114-124 (2011)

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