scholarly journals Impact of Bridge Construction for Improved Livelihood in Rural Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Susmita Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Freight Volume ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Nepal has thousands of rivers flowing over its terrain. It needs many bridges for smooth transportation. In this background, this study highlights impact of road bridges like infrastructures on rural livelihood and importance of the local participation in such infrastructure development programme. The study area as the Zone of Influence of ChirdiKhola is ward no. 7 and 10 of Phalebas Municipality which has 1026 households and 4423 populations. Household survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview, observation techniques were used for collecting primary data whereas secondary data were generated from district profile and table review. This study reveals that the bridge has directly or indirectly played crucial role in increasing the freight volume, decreasing the freight cost, increase in number of peoples seeking health facilities through health centers. Local peoples participated to identify the need of bridge and cooperated during the construction of bridge for effective implementation. Motorable Bridge plays vital role in social upliftment and generating the new ideas of income generations. This study also put some light on how Motorable Bridges are constructed in local levels through different programmes, Departments of Nepal Government and the role of District Development Committees in Motorable Bridge projects.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Rehabilitating Degraded Land in the Case of Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNP Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekilil Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Degraded Land

The research was conducted in chaha wereda gurage zone SNNP region of Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess opportunity and challenges of degraded land rehabilitation. From the total population of the study area 20% (73) respondents were selected in order to achieve the objective of the study at hand, for the study both primary and secondary data was generated. The primary data collection was started with a preliminary survey followed by a key informant interview, focus group discussion, and household survey with questionnaires. The secondary data were collected from books, unpublished thesis, project report, and workshops, open ended questionnaire and checklists for interview. The households were selected using stratified sampling technique (Cochran) sample size formula the process of analysis of the study was carried out using qualitative description and quantitative analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the quantitative data were analyzed frequency and percentage when appropriate the qualitative data were discussed to substantiate the study. And the results were expressed in the form of tables and graphs. The findings of the study indicated that limited labor availability, high cost of maintenance. Lack of knowledge, soil conditions, high surfaces runoff, poor vegetation coverage, poor monitoring and evaluation, poor implementation and poor training on the technology use are major challenges.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES ON CONSERVATION OF AMBATARA PROTECTED AREA, SEDE MUJA DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Haile Zerfu Munaw
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Country Level

Protected areas (PAs) are designated areas that are protected because of their environmental, cultural, or other worth. It plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation. Ethiopia has more many PAs, which cover 17.1% of the nation, protected to gain benefits for livelihoods at the local, regional and country level but the value obtained from the protected areas is very low. An effective conservation of management practice for protected areas is one of the selected approach to make the harmony relationship between PAs and the local community in a given ecosystem. However, its practical implementation in protected areas through community method is the major challenge in Ethiopia. This study described the main opportunities and challenges of Ambatara protected Area (APA), Sede Muja District, Ethiopia. Data were collected and organized by the household survey, key informant interview, field observation and focused group discussion (FGD) methods using both primary and secondary data sources in the form of qualitative, quantitative, or both from July 2019 to September 2019. The results were explained the socioeconomic, opportunities and challenges. The establishment of community-based PA management in Ethiopia, proclamation and regulations of wildlife managements of Ethiopia, and natural recovery ability of the area were its potential opportunities whereas, local community -wildlife conflict, conflicting between the APA management & local community, inadequate coordination among stakeholders, and challenges & threats of APA were the main challenges of APA conservation. KEYWORDS: APA, opportunities and challenges, local community, PA

scholarly journals PRODUCTION ECONOMICS AND MARKETING OF LARGE CARDAMOM (AMOMUM SUBULATUM ROXB.) IN CHAINPUR, SANKHUWASABHA, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Bhattarai ◽  
Suman Bhattarai ◽  
Udit Prakash Sigdel
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Production Economics ◽  
Amomum Subulatum ◽  
Large Cardamom

A study on production economics and marketing of Large cardamom in Chainpur, Sankhuwasabha was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019. Altogether 60 farmers were selected randomly from the PMAMP Cardamom command area of Chainpur municipality of Sankhuwasabha. Besides, 12 traders were also selected. A focus group discussion, key informants interview (KII) and direct observations were carried out to generate primary data along with Household survey with the use of semi-structured pre-tested interview schedule for the study. The secondary data were collected from literature like reports and publications of different institutions. The yield of cardamom in the study area has fallen now by more than 50% than the maximum realized yield to 220 kg ha-1. Cardamom was found to be labor intensive in the study area. Coupled with low market price and low productivity, many farmers felt a loss. However, economic analysis of the area indicated the cardamom farming is profitable. The sensitivity analysis with 20% decrease in price also found the farming to be profitable and viable. The farming is labor intensive and the average annual production cost per hectare was NRs 50,124 considering hired labors only and NRs 74,358 considering both hired and family labor cost per hectare. Among many causes of decline in productivity, many farmers ranked disease as the most devastating. The monopoly of Indian marketers at Birtamod was considered as the topmost reason for price fluctuation. The study evolved the immediate need of crop management by disease control to increase production and marketing intervention for consistent price of the Large cardamom.

scholarly journals Determinants of farm level market supply of tomatoes in Fogera district, South Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Hawlet Mohammed Kassaw ◽  
Zewdu Berhanie ◽  
Getachew Alemayehu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
South Gondar ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This research attempted to analyze the determinants of market supply of tomato in Fogera district, South Gondar zone, Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Tomatoes generate income for the poor farmers of Ethiopia. Primary and secondary data were collected. The primary data was generated though a household survey (N=235), a pre-tested structured questionnaire and a key informant interview using a checklist. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression model. The model results showed livestock ownership, size of land allocated for tomato, access to credit, income from non-farm/off-farm activities and use of improved seed significantly affected quantity of tomato supplied to the market. The findings indicated the need to encourage off/non-farm income activities, strengthen access to improved varieties of tomato, use technologies that can improve the production and productivity of tomato, and expand the access to credit.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Primary Care Dentist Service in the Implementation of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) in Central Java and Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Julia Hendrartini ◽  
Lisdrianto Hanindriyo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Capitation Payment ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Central Java

<p>Evaluation for the capitation payment system to the primary care dentist contracted by the Indonesian National Health Security Agency (BPJS Kesehatan) needs to be done as a basis for future improvements. This study aimed in describing the utilization of dental services; the average services fee received for each type of service; the level of patient satisfaction on dental service; the dentist level of satisfaction on the capitation payment system; and analyzing the suitability of capitation rates with generally accepted rates in the area of Central Java and Yogyakarta. Quantitative primary data was collected through questionnaires by dentists and their patients. While qualitative primary data was collected by Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Dentists involved in the FGD was selected by purposive sampling by local Indonesian Dental Association (PDGI) chairman. Secondary data of independent primary care dental practice was taken from BPJS Kesehatan. As a result, 26.76 % of primary care dentists have small number of insured patients (2001-5000). Real unit cost average was around IDR350,000 per visit. Most of the subjects (73.77 %) stated that they quite satisfied with the capitation payment system, but not with the nominal value. Most of the patients (98.5 %) were satisfied with the dental services. In conclusion, capitation nominal value needs to be adjusted with a detailed benefit packages. Enrollment-based membership mechanism needs to be evaluated. Routine monitoring and evaluation meetings between BPJS Kesehatan and primary care dentist needs to be done every 3 months, accompanied by PDGI.<br></p>

scholarly journals Risk analysis of landslide as a basis of mitigation plan: a case study of Mangunan Village, Bantul, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
S Aminatun ◽  
Jafar ◽  
A U Jamal
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Risk Map ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Hazard Level

Abstract When rainy season comes, in Mangunan Village, landslide occurs frequently. Mangunan is one of the villages in Bantul District that possesses high intensity of landslide events. Located in a contoured hilly area on the eastern region of Bantul District is one of the reasons. This study aims to analyze the risk of landslide in Mangunan by detailing the risk map, which constitutes a general risk map, and to identify the number of households that are currently residing in each risk-zone area. In this study, we applied a descriptive method that combined both qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to generate a good depiction of settlements in each risk-zone area. The data of this study can be classified into two categories, primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from field activities such as interviews and field documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from archives, notes, or reports from related agencies. The results of this study are: 1) the number of settlements that are located in high- and medium-vulnerability areas are 143 and 12, respectively; 2) Mangunan Village possesses high hazard level, medium to high vulnerability level, and high-capacity level which means the village has medium to high risk level; 3) Recommendations of infrastructure development for landslide mitigation.

scholarly journals Present status, problems and prospect of fish farming at Gazipur Sadar upazila in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
M Das ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
T Akter ◽  
AQMR Kawser ◽  
MN Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Farming Community

The present study was conducted to reveal the present scenario, problems and the prospect of fish farming of Gazipur Sadar upazila Bangladesh. The primary data were collected through field survey, questionnaire interview and focus group discussion from the fish farmers of several villages and urban areas of the upazila. Secondary data were collected from the Department of Fisheries and aquaculture extension section. Gazipur Sadar upazila has 14462.42 ha potential fisheries resources of which floodplains, seasonal water bodies, and ponds comprise 71.01%, 13.04%, and 8.57%, respectively. The total fish production of the upazila in 2016-17 was 14492.7 MT, 27% of the Gazipur district. The highest fish production of 5436 MT and 4.39 MT/ha/year came from the pond sector. Among different pond culture systems, the semi-intensive system had the highest fish production output (2826 MT). Exotic carps were the highest produced fish in the ponds. However, in spite of comprising a huge proportion of seasonal floodplains the fish production from this sector was only 0.42 MT/ha/year in 2016-2017. This indicates the poor utilization of inland open water resources for fish production in the study area. The major areas were identified to improve the existing pond fish farming situation were access to low-interest loan, quality seed, supply of advanced technologies, need-based training, and marketing facilities. Along with improving the pond fish farming, community-based fisheries management and some aquaculture initiatives on private own seasonal floodplains should be taken on a priority basis to improve open water management and to flourish inland fish production in the study area.Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 53-63, 2018

scholarly journals Perancangan Destination Branding Desa Wisata Kerta di Kecamatan Payangan Kabupaten Gianyar

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Eka Sita Michandani ◽  
I Nyoman Sukma Arida
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Destination Branding ◽  
Logo Design ◽  
Tourist Village

This research was made to build a design of destination branding for Tourist Village Kerta in Payangan Districts, Gianyar Regency. The Method that being used is qualitative description. The informant determination technique that being used are purposive sampling technique. The data sources that being used are secondary data sources and primary data sources. The Primary data on this report is a data that comes from the observation, focus group discussion (FGD) and interview. While the secondary data on this report comes from the documentation and literature study to completed the primary data. The result from this research showing us that a brand from Tourist Village Kerta is a Climatic Village. Climatic Village was choosen as Tourist Village Kerta brand because Kerta Village has won many awards as Climatic Village. The logo design of Kerta Village as Climatic Village is described with four components such as a bamboo, a cow or a cattle, human and a temple. The bamboo, cattle and human was connected to the Tri Hita Karana concept, while the temple showing us the connection between human and the God. Keywords: Destination Branding, Tourist Village Kerta, Climatic Village

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest dependent people to climate change in the Mid-hills of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
K. Acharya ◽  
K. R. Tiwari ◽  
Y. P. Timilsina ◽  
S PC
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Rural People

Climate change is now recognized as one of the most serious challenges facing the world– its people, the environment and its economies. Rural people are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors like glaciers, agriculture and forestry, and its low financial adaptive capacity. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing and documenting vulnerability and adaptation strategies of forest-dependent people to climate change effects in Mid-hills of Nepal. Primary data were collected from household survey, interview with key informants, and focused group discussion. The results showed that the average annual rainfall was decreasing at the rate of 18.02 mm whereas the average annual mean temperature was increasing at the rate of 0.07°c per year. The major climatic hazards, of the study area, identified were long drought and landslide. The chi-square test shows that the poor forest-dependent people are more vulnerable to long drought, landslide and floods as compared to the rich rural people. Indigenous adaptation practices such as cultivation of vegetables and other crops that are less susceptible to droughts, and rearing of hybrid-varieties of livestock are mostly used to cope with climate change impacts. The results indicate that 15% of the respondents have changed their cropping pattern from paddy to off-seasonal vegetables crops because of more income from vegetable farming. Raising awareness and sharing information as well as increasing income from farming among the locals by applying new technologies should be done in order to build their capacity to cope with climate change impact.Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 25, No. 1Page: 55-62

scholarly journals MENGANTISIPASI KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN “AKU ANAK BERANI MELINDUNGI DIRI SENDIRI”: Studi di Yayasan al-Hikmah Grobogan

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Siti Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Teachers And Students

<p class="IIABSTRAK333">Recently, the sexual crime for children tends to increase significantly and it causes a traumatic impact on the victims. So it needs strong effort to anticipate the sexual crimes for children as early as possible. This paper describes the efforts to anticipate sexual abuse for children through learning method namely “I dare to take care of myself” at al-Hikmah Foundation, Grobogan. The method used was qualitative descriptive and field research by conducting Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The researcher used interviews and documentation technique for data collection. The teachers and students of al-Hikmah foundation Grobogan became the sources of primary data. While the secondary data sources were taken from a literature review that is relevant to this study. The result showed that one of the efforts to anticipate sexual abuse for children was by optimizing the teachers’ role and parents through Focus Group Discussion activities. Indeed, it was found ten themes to motivate children defending themselves, namely: Why different?, Where the baby came out?, Where to pee?, What kind of touch is it?, Do I tell you or not?, I’m afraid of ghost, Who is he?, Circumcision, Why is it not allowed?, Who could protect me? These activities would produce an understanding of the importance of taking care of themselves to avoid sexual crimes for children and parents.</p><p class="IIABSTRAK333" align="center">_________________________________________________________</p>Kejahatan seksual anak dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat, dan menyebabkan dampak traumatis terhadap korban. Maka diperlukan upaya untuk mengantisipasi kejahatan seksual pada anak sedini. Tulisan ini menjelaskan mengenai upaua meng­antisi­pasi kejahatan seksual anak melalui pembelajaran aku anak berani melindungi diri sendiri di Yayasan al-Hikmah Grobogan. metode yang digunakan ada­lah kualitatif deskriptif, jenis <em>field research</em>, dengan <em>Focus Group Discussion</em> (FGD). Teknik pe­ngumpul­­an data menggunakan wa­wan­cara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data primer adalah guru kelas dan siswa MI Yayasan al-Hikmah Grobogan. Sumber data sekunder adalah kajian pustaka dan literature review yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi kejahatan seksual anak dilakukan dengan optimali­sasi peran guru kelas dan orang tua siswa melalui kegiatan FGD. Mengantisipasi kejahatan seksual pada anak dilakukan melalui pembelajaran aku anak berani melindungi diri sendiri melalui se­puluh tema yaitu: kenapa berbeda, dari mana keluar­­nya adik bayi, pipis dimana, sentuhan apa nih, cerita nggak ya, ih takut ada hantu, siapa itu, khitan, mengapa tidak boleh, siapa yang bisa melindungiku. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan pemahaman kepada anak dan orang tua pentingnya menjaga diri sendiri agar terhindar dari kejahatan seksual.

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