Determinants of farm level market supply of tomatoes in Fogera district, South Gondar Zone of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

This research attempted to analyze the determinants of market supply of tomato in Fogera district, South Gondar zone, Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Tomatoes generate income for the poor farmers of Ethiopia. Primary and secondary data were collected. The primary data was generated though a household survey (N=235), a pre-tested structured questionnaire and a key informant interview using a checklist. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression model. The model results showed livestock ownership, size of land allocated for tomato, access to credit, income from non-farm/off-farm activities and use of improved seed significantly affected quantity of tomato supplied to the market. The findings indicated the need to encourage off/non-farm income activities, strengthen access to improved varieties of tomato, use technologies that can improve the production and productivity of tomato, and expand the access to credit.

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Impact of Bridge Construction for Improved Livelihood in Rural Area

Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies ◽

10.3126/njdrs.v17i0.35029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 112-122

Author(s):

Susmita Gautam

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Household Survey ◽

Vital Role ◽

Primary Data ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Rural Livelihood ◽

Freight Volume ◽

New Ideas ◽

Key Informant Interview

Nepal has thousands of rivers flowing over its terrain. It needs many bridges for smooth transportation. In this background, this study highlights impact of road bridges like infrastructures on rural livelihood and importance of the local participation in such infrastructure development programme. The study area as the Zone of Influence of ChirdiKhola is ward no. 7 and 10 of Phalebas Municipality which has 1026 households and 4423 populations. Household survey, focus group discussion, key informant interview, observation techniques were used for collecting primary data whereas secondary data were generated from district profile and table review. This study reveals that the bridge has directly or indirectly played crucial role in increasing the freight volume, decreasing the freight cost, increase in number of peoples seeking health facilities through health centers. Local peoples participated to identify the need of bridge and cooperated during the construction of bridge for effective implementation. Motorable Bridge plays vital role in social upliftment and generating the new ideas of income generations. This study also put some light on how Motorable Bridges are constructed in local levels through different programmes, Departments of Nepal Government and the role of District Development Committees in Motorable Bridge projects.

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“A Study on the Influence of Rewards on Job Satisfaction With Special Reference to Education Industry in Oman”

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i1.7620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 114-124

Author(s):

Mrs Nithya Sambamoorthy ◽

Mr Subhash Kodiyil Raman ◽

Mr Bhraguram Thayyil

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Special Reference ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The Other ◽

Primary Data ◽

Other Hand ◽

Education Industry ◽

College Of Technology ◽

Main Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

This research is an examination and a study on the influence of rewards on job satisfaction of lecturers at Shinas College of Technology (ShCT). In academic industry, rewards are one of the factors that affecting job satisfaction of the employees and this will lead to affect their performance in their jobs. So, when rewards are more the job satisfaction will be high and when rewards are less the job satisfaction will be less. On the other hand, the age will not affect the job satisfaction. Previous research reveals that Job satisfaction is very important to success the industry and the rewards are the main factors which affect job satisfaction. The main purpose of this study is to know the influence of rewards in job satisfaction among the lecturers in ShCT. Moreover, this research attempts to identify how much rewards affect the job satisfaction in ShCT. For this study used two types of data which are: primary data and secondary data. The sources of primary data is the response from lecturers at ShCT. It is collected through structured questionnaire and distributed such to 60 respondents. Secondary data, collected from internet, books, journals, articles etc.

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Profitability, Marketing Efficiency and Value Addition of Timber Industry in Ife East Local Government of Osun State, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i4.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 589-595

Author(s):

T.O. Babatunde ◽

O.O. Babatunde ◽

K.O. Babatunde ◽

A.R. Aduloju ◽

T. Oluwalana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Value Addition ◽

Timber Industry ◽

Marketing Efficiency ◽

Total Profit ◽

Age Range ◽

Cost Of Transportation ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The study focused on marketing and value of additions of timber in Ife East Local Government, Osun state Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the market efficiency, determined the profitability of the timber business, examine the level of value addition and the constraints facing the timber industry. Data were collected with the use of primary and secondary data. Primary data needed for the study were generated from structured questionnaire. Fifteen sawmills were randomly selected and one hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed to the timber marketer and furniture m firm. One hundred and forty eight were retrieved. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and budgetary analyses. The result showed that males had the highest percentage (89.2%). Majority of the respondents were within the age range of 40 -50 years (83.8%) and most were married (81.8%) it was further revealed that (67.6%) had regular supply of their product and the means of transportation was lorry (44.6%). The study also revealed that benches with 42% added more value addition to the industry. It showed that the year 2013 had the highest efficiency with 2.6. The budgetary analysis showed that the average revenue for the industry for the year 2012-2018 ranged between N2, 285,108.45, 889,107.12. It also revealed that the total profit for the timber ranged between 7, 340, 54.59 and 2,304,897.47.government policy, inadequate facilities in the market, inadequate facilities in the market, inadequate credit facilities, inadequate power supply and high cost of transportation were some of the constraint faced by the timber industry in Ife East Local Government. Keywords; profitability, marketing efficiency, timber, value addition, industry

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Analysis of Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change by Farmers in Gulmi District, Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Environment ◽

10.3126/aej.v14i0.19784 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 31-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Narhari P Ghimire ◽

Maniratna Aryal

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Household Survey ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Community Based ◽

Individual Level ◽

Global Challenge ◽

Secondary Data Sources ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Climate change is a global challenge, highly affecting the developing countries with low adapting capacity, of which Nepal is not an exception. Climate change highly affects agriculture and livelihoods of farmers in Nepal. Its objectives are farmer's perceptions, witnesses and experiences on effects of climate change on agriculture and adaptations by farmers. Primary informations collected through structured questionnaire of household survey by selecting samples randomly. Information on primary and secondary data sources verified scientifically by trend analysis of climatic data. Most farmers depending on subsistence agriculture have a perception of climate change and respond to the changes based on their own local knowledge and experiences on farming. They are practicing both agricultural and non-agricultural adaptations at individual level. Consequently, appropriate technologies and sustainable community based adaptation strategies built on farmers knowledge, experiences and situation to cope with increasing effects of climate change on agriculture are necessary in the coming years.

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NILAI TUKAR PETANI KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v13i2.21022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Chairul Muslim

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Research Result ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Production Costs ◽

Primary Data ◽

Fiscal Year ◽

Farm Income ◽

The Exchange Rate

Abstract : One indicator / measuring tool thatcan be used to assess farmers' welfare is Farmers Exchange Rate. This paper is part of the research result of PATANAS (Panel Petani Nasional) conducted by Indonesian Center for Agriculture Socio Economic and Policy Analysis in Fiscal Year 2009-2012. More detail the purpose of writing this paper is to analyze Farmers Farmer's Exchange Rate (palm, cocoa, rubber and sugar cane) in Patanas villages. Primary data sources are farming efforts resulting from Patanas studies in 2008 and 2012 in four provinces, namely Jambi Province (representing rubber and palm oil), East Java (sugarcane), West Kalimantan (rubber and palm oil), and South Sulawesi (representing cocoa commodities). Secondary data obtained from local government related agencies. The result shows that rubber NTP period of 2009-2012 shows positive that the price received is bigger than the price paid, it shows that farmers are able to cover all cost components. NTP cocoa there is a decline in the exchange rate of income of 57.08%. This decline in exchange rates in line with the decline in the increase in the exchange rate of farm income. Thus the exchange rate of cocoa farmers (NTP <100) means that the purchasing power of farmers is relatively low, because the received is lower than the price paid. NTP palms and sugar cane show a positive phenomenon (NTP> 100) of farm income can cover production costs so that the price received is greater than the price paid, indicating better welfare of household life. Of course, the role of the government to participate in increasing the income of farmers through the assistance of subsidized agricultural input, provision of infrastructure; as well as policies for controlling household consumption expenditures (such as the provision of raskin subsidized education, health subsidies, etc.) are highly relevant in improving the welfare of farmers. Abstrak : Salah satu indikator/alat ukur yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai tingkat kesejahteraan petani adalah Nilai Tukar Petani. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian hasil penelitian PATANAS ( Panel Petani Nasional ) yang dilaksanakan oleh Pusat Analisis Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian pada Tahun Anggaran 2009–2012. Lebih detail tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah menganalisis Nilai Tukar Petani Kebun (sawit,kakao, karet dan tebu) di desa-desa Patanas. Sumber data primer adalah usaha tani yang dihasilkan dari studi Patanas tahun 2008 dan 2012 di empat propinsi, yaitu Provinsi Jambi, (mewakili komoditas karet dan sawit), Jawa Timur (tebu), Kalimantan Barat (komoditas karet dan sawit), dan Sulawesi Selatan (mewakili komoditas kakao). Data sekunder didapat dari instansi terkait pemerintah daerah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa NTP karet periode 2009-2012 menunjuukan positif artinya harga yang diterima lebih besar dari pada harga yang dibayarkan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa petani mampu untuk menutupi seluruh komponen biaya. NTP kakao terjadi penurunan nilai tukar pendapatan sebesar 57,08 persen Penurunan nilai tukar ini sejalan dengan penurunan peningkatan nilai tukar pendapatan usahatani. Dengan demikian nilai tukar petani kakao ( NTP<100) artinya kemampuan daya beli petani relative rendah, karena yang diterima lebih rendah disbanding harga yang dibayarkan. NTP sawit dan tebu menunjukkan gejala yang posif ( NTP>100) dari pendapatan usahatani dapat menutupi biaya produksi sehingga harga yang diterima lebih besar disbanding harga yang dibayar, menunjukkan kesejahteraan hidup rumahtangga yang lebih baik. Tentunya peran pemerintah turut serta untuk peningkatan pendapatan petani melalui bantuan subidi saprodi, penyediaan infrastruktur; serta kebijakan untuk pengendalian pengeluaran konsumsi rumahtangga (seperti pemberian raskin, subsidi pendidikan, subsidi kesehatan, dan lainnya) dinilai sangat relevan dalam perbaikan kesejahteraan petani.

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PROFITABILITAS DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI BAWANG MERAH DI KABUPATEN BANTUL DAN KABUPATEN NGANJUK

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v11i1.42248 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Muhammad Fauzan

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Stochastic Frontier ◽

Primary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Net Income ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Stochastic Frontier Production Function ◽

Return On Capital ◽

Frontier Production Function ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The board objective of study is to evaluate the profitability and technical efficiency of shallot farming in Bantul and Nganjuk regency. The specific objectives are to (1) Evaluate the profitability of shallot farmers in the study area and (2) Determine the levefl of technical efficiency of shallot farmers. The primary data used for the study obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 60 selected farmers. Gross margin, net farm income, gross ratio, operation ratio, return on capital invested, and stochastic frontier production function were used to analyze the data. The study showed that (1) shallot farming in Bantul and Nganjuk regency was profitable with net income Rp 20.903.711,00/ha and Rp 35.294.540,00/ha, (2) the distribution of the technical efficiency indices revealed that the most of the farmers were technically efficient with mean TE Index of 0.802 (Bantul) and 0,929 (Nganjuk), (3) the result of the inefficiency model showed that years of education (Bantul) and age (Nganjuk) significantly increased the farmers technical efficiency. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi profitabilitas dan efisiensi teknis usahatani bawang merah di Kabupaten Bantul dan Kabupaten Nganjuk. Secara spesifik, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui profitabilitas usahatani bawang merah di lokasi penelitian dan (2) mengetahui tingkat efisiensi teknis petani bawang merah. Penelitian ini mengggunakan data primer hasil survey pada 60 petani responden dengan menggunakan kuisioner yang telah dirancang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Gross margin, net farm income, gross ratio, operation ratio, return on capital invested, dan fungsi produksi frontier stokastik digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) usahatani bawang merah di Kaupaten Bantul dan Kabupaten Nganjuk menguntungkan untuk dijalankan dengan net income Rp 20.903.711,00/ha and Rp 35.294.540,00/ha, (2) distribusi tingkat efisiensi teknis menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas petani telah mencapai tingkat yang efisien dengan rata-rata TE Index 0,802 (Bantul) dan 0,929 (Nganjuk), (3) hasil analisis model in-efisiensi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan (Bantul) and umur (Nganjuk) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan efisiensi teknis petani.

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Impact of Family Size and Income on “Spending –Saving” Pattern of Rural Muslim Community

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences ◽

10.47992/ijmts.2581.6012.0121 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 327-335

Author(s):

Niyaz ◽

Abbokar Siddiq

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Stratified Random Sampling ◽

Muslim Community ◽

Government Officials ◽

Savings Behavior ◽

Structured Questionnaire

This study measures the association of family size and income level on spending and savings habits of rural Muslim households. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data, which was administered personally to the rural Muslim community in Dakshina Kannada district. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted and secondary data were collected from government officials. The study considered 398 rural Muslim community respondents from five taluks of Dakshina Kannada District. The study found that income and number of dependents in a family play an important role in attributing consumption and savings behavior.

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ANALISIS KINERJA KOPERASI DAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN ANGGOTA (Studi Pada Koperasi Usaha Manunggal Desa Seresam Kecamatan Seberida Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu)

Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis ◽

10.34006/jmbi.v8i2.116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 244-256

Author(s):

Aris Triyono ◽

Suwaji Suwaji ◽

Marwan Indra Saputra

Keyword(s):

Business Performance ◽

Family Income ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Economic Value ◽

Value Added ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Added Value ◽

Primary Data ◽

Access To Credit

Cooperatives are not only expected to be able to produce residual business results in each period, investment activities carried out by cooperatives must be effective in producing positive added value, therefore cooperatives need to be managed as well as possible so that they can grow into a strong and independent organization, with the best performance and ability raise the welfare of its members. This research is in Kopsa. Manunggal Enterprises, Seresam Village, Seberida District, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze Cooperative Performance and Its Impact on Members' Welfare. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach, the data the authors use are primary and secondary data, primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to research respondents to measure Cooperative Performance and Members' Welfare Levels, and secondary data obtained directly from Kopsa. Manunggal Enterprises in the form of financial statement documents. The analytical tool used to measure / assess financial performance with the viewpoint of Economic Value Added (EVA. Cooperative Performance is measured based on 6 (six) indicators of Cooperative Performance, namely: Business Entity Activities, Business Performance, Members' Cohesiveness and Participation, Orientation to Member Services, Services to the Community and contribution to Regional Development Welfare level is measured based on aspects of family income, expenditure on consumption, employment status, health conditions and the ability to access other basic needs.The results of descriptive analysis show Kopsa. Manunggal Enterprises including Cooperatives that are performing well, households Farmers who are members of Kopsa, Manunggal Enterprises are included in the welfare category and the regression analysis conducted shows that the regression coefficient is positive, meaning that there is a positive impact between Cooperative Performance and Welfare. The better the Cooperative Performance will have a positive impact on increasing yes the welfare of members, this can happen because of the monoculture community farming patterns where the main source of income of the village community, especially Kopsa members. Manunggal Business is a commodity of oil palm plantations managed by cooperatives, so the cooperative performance variable becomes very influential in influencing the ease of service, distribution of member income, access to credit and other ease of convenience.

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ANALISIS STRUKTUR DAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA SERTA TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA PETERNAK MOTIVASI DOA IKHTIAR TAWAKKAL (KSUP MDIT) DI KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis ◽

10.23960/jiia.v6i1.95-102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Fikri Syahputra ◽

Dyah Aring Hepiana Lestari ◽

Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi

Keyword(s):

Income Distribution ◽

Household Income ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Farm Income ◽

Household Welfare ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

On Farm ◽

Positive Effect

This study aims to analyze the household income’s structure and distribution, and the household welfare level among cooperatives members, in addition to analyze factors that affected the household welfare of cooperative members. This research employed case study method. The data was collected from September to October 2016. The research respondents were 55 people who were all members of KSUP MDIT. The data was consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by observation and interview; while secondary data was obtained from the agencies and literatures associated with the study. The data was analyzed by income analysis, income distribution analysis, welfare analysis and binnary logistic regression analysis. The result showed that the biggest member of cooperative member's household income structure in the latest year was non livestock earnings of On Farm followed by non farm income, goat business income and off farm income. Distribution of household member income of cooperatives were in low inequality. Based on Socio Metrix indicator, 70.91% cooperative members’ households were included in prosperous category and the remaining 29.09% were not prosperous and old variables of education, length of membership, and household income have a positive effect on welfare level.Key words: distribution income, prosperity of members, income

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Opportunities and Challenges of Rehabilitating Degraded Land in the Case of Cheha Woreda, Gurage Zone, SNNP Region, Ethiopia

Research in Ecology ◽

10.30564/re.v3i3.3668 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Tekilil Wolde

Keyword(s):

Technology Use ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Household Survey ◽

Qualitative Description ◽

Primary Data ◽

Vegetation Coverage ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Degraded Land

The research was conducted in chaha wereda gurage zone SNNP region of Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess opportunity and challenges of degraded land rehabilitation. From the total population of the study area 20% (73) respondents were selected in order to achieve the objective of the study at hand, for the study both primary and secondary data was generated. The primary data collection was started with a preliminary survey followed by a key informant interview, focus group discussion, and household survey with questionnaires. The secondary data were collected from books, unpublished thesis, project report, and workshops, open ended questionnaire and checklists for interview. The households were selected using stratified sampling technique (Cochran) sample size formula the process of analysis of the study was carried out using qualitative description and quantitative analysis. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the quantitative data were analyzed frequency and percentage when appropriate the qualitative data were discussed to substantiate the study. And the results were expressed in the form of tables and graphs. The findings of the study indicated that limited labor availability, high cost of maintenance. Lack of knowledge, soil conditions, high surfaces runoff, poor vegetation coverage, poor monitoring and evaluation, poor implementation and poor training on the technology use are major challenges.

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