scholarly journals Spectrum of Injuries Inflicted and their Consequences Following Wild Animals Attack: Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Ravi Hamal ◽  
Suman Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Advanced Trauma Life Support ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Introduction: Human-wildlife conflict in the Himalayan kingdom of Nepal is the major concern in and around the protected area due to dramatic change in the ecosystem which includes a rise in human population and their basic requirements that leads to loss of natural habitat for agriculture farming and residential purpose. On the other hand, successful conservation programme in some protective areas leads to a rise in a number of wildlife. This conflict ultimately leads to damage of the crops, property, livestock and the most important human casualties which is the main focus of this study.Methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective study in which 32 patients visiting the emergency and outpatient department with a history of wild animals attack were included. Advanced trauma life support protocol for polytrauma patients was followed. Anti tetanus and anti-rabies prophylaxis given followed by antibiotics coverage. Operative and multidisciplinary interventions were made as per the requirement.Results: Out of the total 32 patients, soft tissue injury Oestern-Tscherne grade 3 was the commonest type of injury seen in 19(59.4%) of the cases, the commonest species involved was rhinoceros 8(25%). The anatomical site most commonly involved was lower limb 10(31.3%). Fracture fixation was required in 8(25%) cases. The commonest complication was wound infection in 5(16%) cases.Conclusion: This research elaborates the current scenario of human-wildlife conflict, facilitates to identify and face the common type of injuries, their complications, the role of a multidisciplinary approach and hence implement certain treatment protocols as a part of effective management to avoid major consequences to public health.

Mechanisms of Soft Tissue Injury and Repair from Ballistics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose E. Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Advanced Trauma Life Support ◽  
Reconstructive Ladder ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Face

AbstractProjectile injuries to the face deserve particular attention to evaluate for involvement of critical structures and functional elements and treat the devastating effects on facial aesthetics. Ballistic trauma to the maxillofacial region often has significant soft tissue and bony defects, creating a greater challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. The main goals of treatment of projectile injuries to the face are decreasing the amount of contaminants and nonviable tissue at the site, ensuring functionality, and restoring aesthetic appearance. There exists a lack of robust research on the subject. Soft tissue injuries from high-velocity projectiles have changed the perspective on treating acute injuries to the face and neck. Injuries encountered during both Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom give the author pause to reflect upon a different wounding pattern than that encountered in stateside trauma centers. Given the dissemination of high-velocity weaponry by enemy combatants such as the improvised explosive device, mortar round, and high-velocity rifles, a higher incidence of facial wounds has been reported. The mechanism of injury and a stepwise approach for surgical repair are discussed incorporating advanced trauma life support principles and a reconstructive ladder of repair.

Epidemiology of Blindness From Facial Trauma: A Multi-Centre Nigerian Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 194338752110609
Author(s):  
Bamidele A. Famurewa ◽  
Fadekemi Olufunmilayo Oginni ◽  
Bolajoko A. Adewara ◽  
Benjamin Fomete ◽  
Chukwudi Aniagor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Facial Trauma ◽  
Globe Rupture ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Mechanism Of Trauma

Study Design This is a multi-centre retrospective study. Objective To determine the prevalence of blindness and pattern of facial trauma associated with blindness among Nigerians. Methods A multi-centre retrospective study of all patients with facial trauma resulting in blindness, that were co-managed by maxillofacial surgeons and ophthalmologists in 4 Nigerian public tertiary hospitals between January 2010 and December 2019 was undertaken. Data was analysed by IBM SPSS Statistics (version 21.0 for windows, IBM© Inc, Chicago, IL). Results Of 2070 patients who presented with major facial injuries during the study period, 61 eyes of 56 (2.7%) patients were blind. Blindness was bilateral and unilateral in 5 (8.9%) and 51 (92.1%) patients, respectively. The mean age (SD) at presentation was 36.2 (16.6) years, and 47 (83.9%) of these patients were males. Road traffic accident (n = 27; 48%) was the commonest mechanism of facial trauma, the cheek (n = 18; 40.9%) was the commonest site of associated soft tissue injury and zygomatic complex fracture (n = 19; 24.1%) was the commonest related fracture. Globe rupture (n = 34; 55.7%) was the leading cause of blindness. Enucleation (n = 7; 13.2%) and evisceration (n = 22; 41.5%) were performed on 29 eyes of which 12 (41.4%) patients had ocular prosthesis post-operatively. Conclusion Blindness was recorded in 2.7% of Nigerians with facial trauma. The commonest mechanism of trauma and cause of blindness in at least one eye were road traffic accident and globe rupture, respectively. Eye removal surgery was necessary in about half of the blind eyes.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Current Situation of Degloving Skin and Soft-Tissue Injuries in China: A Retrospective Study of the Inpatients with DSTI from 2013 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshuo Yu ◽  
He Fang ◽  
Yao-nan Jiang ◽  
Chen-qi Tang ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Soft Tissue Injury ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Operation Rate ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Abstract Background: Degloving skin and soft-tissue injury (DSTI) is a kind of serious lesion in the field of surgery, with potential risk of morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed to summarize and analyze the current situation of DSTI in China, so as to provide enlightenments for better prevention and treatment. Methods: By searching inpatients’ information on the first page recorded by the Hospital Quality Monitoring System from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, patients diagnosed with DSTI were identified and screened based on the International Classification of Diseases coding System. Demographic characteristics, injury and cost information were collected for analysis. Results: There were 62709 patients who were diagnosed with DSTI, of whom 67.41% were males with a mean age of 43.01±19.70. Peasants and workers, traffic-related accidents and falls, summer and autumn accounted for high percentage of the study indicators. The operation rate of DSTI roughly showed a growing trend, and the average length of stay was 22.02±29.73 days, during which time 0.93% of the patients ended up in death. Medicine took up the first place of the hospitalization expense, but was decreasing year by year, while the proportion of other expenses gradually increased. More than half of the patients paid at their own charge, but the ratio of urban medical insurance was rising. The most and least frequent anatomic site of DSTI were lower extremity (43.40%) and torso (1.59%). Each injury site showed its own characteristics. Conclusions: This is the first retrospective study that targeted a nationwide data bank to make a relatively detailed epidemiological analysis of DSTIs from 2013 to 2018 in China. From this work, not only a preliminary understanding but also enlightenments for better prevention and treatment of DSTI has been gained.

scholarly journals Beyond conflict: exploring the spectrum of human–wildlife interactions and their underlying mechanisms

Oryx ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
Saloni Bhatia ◽  
Stephen Mark Redpath ◽  
Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi ◽  
Charudutt Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Wildlife Impacts

AbstractHumans have lived alongside and interacted with wild animals throughout evolutionary history. Even though wild animals can damage property, or injure humans and domesticated animals, not all interactions between humans and wildlife are negative. Yet, research has tended to focus disproportionately on negative interactions leading to negative outcomes, labelling this human–wildlife conflict. Studies have identified several factors, ranging from gender, religion, socio-economics and literacy, which influence people's responses to wildlife. We used the ISI Web of Knowledge database to assess quantitatively how human–wildlife interactions are framed in the scientific literature and to understand the hypotheses that have been invoked to explain these. We found that the predominant focus of research was on human–wildlife conflict (71%), with little coverage of coexistence (2%) or neutral interactions (8%). We suggest that such a framing is problematic as it can lead to biases in conservation planning by failing to consider the nuances of people's relationships with wildlife and the opportunities that exist for conservation. We propose a typology of human responses to wildlife impacts, ranging from negative to positive, to help moderate the disproportionate focus on conflict. We suggest that standardizing terminology and considering interactions beyond those that are negative can lead to a more nuanced understanding of human–wildlife relations and help promote greater coexistence between people and wildlife. We also list the various influential factors that are reported to shape human–wildlife interactions and, to generate further hypotheses and research, classify them into 55 proximate (correlates) and five ultimate (mechanisms) factors.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Wildlife Mitigation Strategies on Human-Wildlife Conflict Among Small-Scale Maize Farmers in Laikipia County, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Ronald Orare Nyamwamu ◽  
Justus Moturi Ombati
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Agriculture is critical in the achievement of food security, employment of creation opportunities, steering economic growth, and also a source of raw materials for agricultural industries in many Sub-Saharan countries. However, farmers face various challenges which negatively affect farm productivity and production. Human-wildlife conflict is one of the most pressing challenges that smallholder maize farmers experience in some parts of Kenya. It arises from either people’s encroachment on wildlife habitats or the movement of wildlife from their natural habitat into neighboring farmland. Small-scale farmers use various agricultural extension strategies to mitigate the conflict. However, the effectiveness of the agricultural extension mitigation strategies adopted by smallholder maize farmers in Laikipia County had not been investigated and information on the same was inadequate and poorly documented. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of the agricultural extension wildlife conflict mitigation strategies adopted by smallholder maize farmers in Laikipia County. Whereas a document review guide was used to collect secondary data, semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from maize farmers and extension agents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze primary data. It was established that crop damage was very severe, even up to 70% per cropping season although farmers used mitigation strategies such growing of unpalatable plants, live fences, hairy crops, and digging trenches. This study concluded that the Agricultural Extension Mitigation Strategies used were not effective. It was recommended concerted efforts between stakeholders in the conflict to realize the benefits of synergies so as to stem crop damage and give small-scale farmers a chance to be food secure.

scholarly journals Non-palatable Medicinal Plants as a Solution to Crop Raiding by Wild Herbivores around Protected Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poorva Joshi ◽  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The People ◽  
Good Population ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

The Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) is an important nature conservation area for the country having a good population of wild animals. However, on the fringes of this national park, there are issues of human-wildlife conflict such as crop raiding by wild animals, which is an underestimated problem. The constant threat of crop predators and perceived loss in crop produce has discouraged agriculture in close vicinity of the park. Farming is the main livelihood for the people living near TATR, therefore it is an urgent need to keep under review the alternative options that can contribute to farmers’ welfare. Considering the developing medicinal plant demand, there is potential in cultivating non-palatable traded medicinal plant species that are resistant to crop-raiding by wildlife. The paper suggests such a model for farmers. We focus on research, awareness, motivation, facilitation and establishing market linkages.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human-Wildlife Conflict in Buffer Zone Area: A Case Study of Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Maheshwari Bhatta ◽  
Rajeev Joshi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

This article is based on a study carried out in buffer zone of Shuklaphanta National Park (SNP), which lies in Kanchanpur district of Nepal. It is aimed to assess nature and extent of crop damages, livestock depredation and human casualties, and to identify local people's attitude towards wildlife conservation and management. Primary data was collected through preliminary field visit, questionnaire survey of households, key informant interviews, focus group discussion and direct field observation. Paddy was major crop damaged by wild animals, followed by wheat and maize. Wild boar followed by elephant and deer were found as the most problematic animals causing crop damage, while common leopard was found as the major culprit for livestock depredation. The proximity to the national park was found determining factor to the extent of damage caused by the wild animals. People’s attitude towards wildlife conservation was found to be positive; however, more than 85% of respondents showed dissatisfaction towards park authorities’ effort for conflict management. Active participation of local people in conservation and awareness program can play a vital role to reduce and mitigate the human wildlife conflict at community level.

scholarly journals Human-Wildlife Conflict In the Forest Villages of Barak Valley, Assam, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dutta ◽  
H Singha ◽  
B Dutta ◽  
P Deb ◽  
A Das
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Barak Valley ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Man and animals are frequently coming into conflicts over habitat and food requirements and this is mainly due to expanding human population and loss of natural habitats. The problem has been identified as major challenge to the governments of many countries and is significant to many human communities. Forest villages are the most potent sites for this problem as these are the places where human needs intersect with those of the wild animals. There are 104 forest villages in Barak Valley which is constituted by three districts; namely: Cachar, Hailakandi and Karimganj located in the Southern part of the Indian state of Assam. However, no proper study has yet been pursued with respect to man-wildlife conflict in these villages. Hence, present study was attempted to indentify the various wild animals which are involved in conflict in the forest villages of the region. The study revealed that there were four conflict animals; viz: jackal, civet, wild boar and monkey which were most commonly associated with the problem in these villages.

Case Report: FAST Ultrasound Interpretation in Trauma Resuscitation

POCUS Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Stuart Douglas, PGY4 ◽  
Joseph Newbigging, MD ◽  
David Robertson, MD
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Advanced Trauma Life Support ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Ultrasound Probe ◽  
Trauma Resuscitation ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pouch Of Douglas

FAST Background: Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is an integral adjunct to primary survey in trauma patients (1-4) and is incorporated into Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) algorithms (4). A collection of four discrete ultrasound probe examinations (pericardial sac, hepatorenal fossa (Morison’s pouch), splenorenal fossa, and pelvis/pouch of Douglas), it has been shown to be highly sensitive for detection of as little as 100cm3 of intraabdominal fluid (4,5), with a sensitivity quoted between 60-98%, specificity of 84-98%, and negative predictive value of 97-99% (3).

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