scholarly journals Scientific Discourse of Lakes in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Bhuju ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
PK Jha ◽  
NP Gaire
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Species Invasion ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Alien Species Invasion ◽  
Source Of Pollution

Over 5,000 standing water bodies, including those <1 ha and spread in 74 districts of Nepal have been scanned on the topographic sheets (scale of 1:125,000). Majority of these lakes or ponds are either in the high altitudes (above 3,000 m) or in lowland Tarai (below 500 m). In a literature review we found over 163 research studies conducted since the first study of lakes in 1969 in Khumbu region, majority being at the initiative of national academia, their faculties and graduate students. However, a complete inventory of Nepal’s lakes is still lacking. Their characteristics and distinction from wetlands are also to be defined as the existing laws and rules do not protect lakes or ponds categorically, rather they are blanketed under wetlands and/or other river like water resources. Research observations have shown that acid depositions are the most likely source of pollution affecting high altitude lakes in the Himalayan regions during spring. Their value as religious sites has also caused anthropogenic alteration in nutrient concentrations and biological assemblages of the lake. Encroachment to the lakes/ponds is rampant to which the natural processes of sedimentation, alien species invasion or any kind of obliteration become supportive. Capacity building, knowledge generation and threat management are vital to protect these natural heritages from untimely demise. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 147-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7728

A European scale monitoring system to assess water quality of multi-national river basins in the accession countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fehér ◽  
A. Lázár
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Accession Countries ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Collecting System

In the middle of the 1990s the European Environment Agency (EEA) started to develop a data collecting system for surface and subsurface water resources for assessing pressures, states and impacts on European water resources. The main objective of this system was to provide reliable, comparable, homogenous information, and support integrated environmental assessments at European level. The data collecting system for water is called Eurowaternet. The extent and information content of the network makes not only pan-European, but also regional or thematic environmental assessments possible. An extensive programme started in 1997 to support the Phare countries in their accession to the EU with implementation of this data collecting system in their countries. The paper briefly introduces the methodology of the system, but it focuses more on the application of the system in the accession countries, highlighting, through examples, the usefulness of the implemented network and assembled database. The examples present - among several other possible ones - trends of average nutrient concentrations; relationships between catchment size and annual average nutrient concentrations; relationships between catchment size and agricultural usage.

scholarly journals Treated Wastewater Irrigation—A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. Hashem ◽  
Xue-Bin Qi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Resource Utilization ◽  
Extension Program ◽  
Agricultural Demand

As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world’s supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.

scholarly journals Teaching Evolution in Muslim Countries: Is Constructivism a Solution or a Threat?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-578
Author(s):  
Özgür Taşkın
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Argumentation ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Teaching Evolution ◽  
Muslim Countries

Since the turn of this century, constructivism has dramatically influenced science education and, particularly in Muslim countries, the teaching of evolution. This influence came about gradually. After the 1980’s, Muslim graduate students studying Education in Western universities have been taught constructivism both as a theory of learning and a philosophy, more specifically, as an epistemological theory. This has impacted these students’ views of the nature of science, scientific argumentation, multiculturalism, and the function of democratic values and practices in education. The scope of this influence raises a number of serious questions: Has constructivism introduced a mode of reasoning into science and science education that is foreign to, and even anathema to, scientific discourse? Why does almost every science education research paper suggest or imply negotiation with clergy and religious NGOs? Such questions are discussed in the present paper. To answer these questions, this paper examines in the context of Enlightenment and secularism theoretical frameworks, the methodologies, and suggestions regarding the teaching of evolution in Muslim countries.

Water resources in the hotel industry: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Antonova ◽  
Inés Ruiz-Rosa ◽  
Javier Mendoza-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to structure research on water resources in the hotel industry, identifying the key areas and research gaps in this field. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of water use in the hotel industry has been performed using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. From 515 articles selected between the years 2000 and 2019, a sample of 58 articles was used to structure existing research on this subject. Findings Research is classified into four groups: water consumption, water management, impacts of water use and good practices, with different research methods and topics within each one. Existing research gaps and their causes are also discussed. The results show how academic research can help strengthen international methodologies that measure sustainability. Research limitations/implications Because of the search process, some publications on water consumption in the hotel industry may have been missed; also book chapters and conference papers were excluded. Furthermore, the authors recognise some subjectivity in the classification of articles. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic analysis focussed on water use in the hotel industry. The findings can be used to build a research framework for this area, establishing an approach to cover research gaps and to connect academic research with general methodologies and indicators of sustainability, as well as improving data collection techniques in this field.

scholarly journals Trends of Temperature and Rainfall in Pokhara

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Upendra Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
Vital Element

 Climate is an average condition of temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind, precipitation and other meteorological elements. It is a changing phenomenon. Natural processes and human activities have helped change the climate. Temperature is a vital element of climate, which fluctuates in the course of time and leads to change other elements of the whole climate. An attempt has been made to analyze the pattern of temperature and rainfall of Pokhara with the help of the two decades’ temperature and rainfall conditions obtained from the station of Pokhara airport. The increasing trend of temperature and the decreasing trend of rainfall might be the symbol of climatic modification. This trend refers to some changes in the climatic condition that may affect water resources, vegetation, forests and agriculture.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Assessment of Graduate Student Research Behavior and the Impact of Attending a Library Literature Review Workshop

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Gascho Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Path ◽  
Graduate Student Research

This article discusses findings from a longitudinal research study that examined the way graduate students carry out the literature review and how they were impacted by attending a library literature review workshop. The literature review research process serves as an important gateway for graduate students into their scholarly communities’ practices and can be a logical place for librarians to offer assistance. This study was carried out to gain insights into the ways librarians can better meet graduate students’ needs to shape the services offered to graduate students. Findings reveal a lack of a single path through the literature review research process, but they do indicate that attending a literature review workshop can have long-term benefits.

scholarly journals Chinese Graduate Students' Experiences with Writing a Literature Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qian ◽  
Eva Krugly-Smolska
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Chinese Graduate Students ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Composing Process ◽  
Subject Areas

Based on interview data, this study investigated four Chinese graduate students' experiences with writing a literature review at a medium-sized university in Canada. These students, from four subject areas, held varying perceptions of a literature review, but all saw the writing challenges that they encountered mainly as linguistic problems, especially regarding vocabulary and accuracy at the sentence level. The strategies that they used in the composing process were diverse, with each individual relying on them to varying degrees. Findings from this study suggest that Chinese graduate students need assistance in adjusting to the new academic environment and writing-genre expectations.

scholarly journals Writing the Literature Review: Graduate Student Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Walter ◽  
Jordan Stouck
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Research University ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Academic Literacies ◽  
Graduate Degrees

Difficulties with academic writing tasks, such as the literature review, impact students’ timely completion of graduate degrees. A better understanding of graduate students’ perceptions of writing the literature review could enable supervisors, administrators, service providers, and graduate students themselves to overcome these difficulties. This paper presents a case study of graduate students at a secondary campus of a Canadian research university. It describes survey data and results from focus groups conducted between 2014 and 2015 by communications faculty, writing centre staff, and librarians. The focus group participants were Master’s and Doctoral students, including students situated within one discipline and those in interdisciplinary programs. The questions focused on the students’ experiences of writing the literature review as well as the supports both accessed and desired. Data analysis revealed four themes: (a) literature review as a new and fundamental genre; (b) literature review for multiple purposes, in multiple forms, and during multiple stages of a graduate program; (c) difficulties with managing large amounts of information; and (d) various approaches and tools are used for research and writing. Using an academic literacies approach, the paper addresses implications for campus program development and writing centre interventions and furthers research into graduate students’ experiences of writing literature reviews.

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