scholarly journals Determination of Urinary Iodine Excretion to Assess Iodine Deficiency Disorder among Pregnant Women in District Hospital of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Anand Ballabh Joshi ◽  
Chitra Kumar Gurung ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion

 Pregnant women and infants are risk populations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Therefore, this study was designed to explore the status of IDD among pregnant women through the analysis of urinary iodine excretion (UIE). A total of 94 pregnant women from Chautara Hospital Sindhupalchowk were included to analyze UIE through Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction. Although the general clinical status of women was satisfactory, the urinary iodine excretion revealed that still, 18.0 percent of pregnant women in Sindhupalchowk had insufficient iodine intake. This indicates that pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorder, and they should be in the priority population for the IDD prevention program.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on iodine status among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura: a North-Eastern state of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Nilratan Majumder ◽  
Balaram Sutradhar ◽  
Saradindu Riang ◽  
Shib Sekhar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Due to excess metabolic demand of iodine in pregnancy, pregnant women and lactating mother and their neonates are most vulnerable of iodine deficiency disorder. Urinary iodine excretion is a good marker of recent dietary iodine intake. Thus, present study was conducted to assess the iodine status and median urinary iodine excretion (UIE μg/lit) among pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura.Methods: Tribal and Bengali pregnant and non-pregnant women from Bokafa and Jolaibari Block of South Tripura district were included in the study. Urinary iodine excretion was done using simple micro plate method. Salt iodine was estimated using iodometric titration. All the tests were performed at CNRT Lab, ICMR, India.Results: Total number of subjects included in this study was 1071. Total number of urine samples collected from pregnant and non-pregnant women was 538 and 533 respectively. Median value of UIE in pregnant and non-pregnant women of Tripura was 155.0µg/L and 130.0µg/L. In pregnant women percentage prevalence of severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-149µg/L) was found in 4.1%, 15.1% and 29.6% subjects. In case of non-pregnant women severe (<20µg/L), moderate (20-49µg/L) and mild iodine deficiency (50-99µg/L) was found in 0.6%, 9.6%, 27.8% subjects respectively. The overall prevalence of iodine deficiency was found in 48.8% pregnant women, compared to 38.0% non-pregnant subjects.Conclusions: Efforts towards universal salt iodization need to be stepped-up in Sub-Himalayan region (NE part of India) and pregnant and lactating mothers may be targeted with alternate iodine supplements (Colloidal Iodine).

Maternal iodine status and neonatal thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration: a community survey in Songkhla, southern Thailand

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2279-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somchit Jaruratanasirikul ◽  
Pasuree Sangsupawanich ◽  
Ounjai Koranantakul ◽  
Prasin Chanvitan ◽  
Prasit Ruaengrairatanaroj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

AbstractObjectiveTo determine iodine intake and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in a group of pregnant Thai women and the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in their neonates.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingThree districts of Songkhla, southern Thailand.SubjectsTwo hundred and thirty-six pregnant women.ResultsA quarter of the participants lacked knowledge of iodine and the prevention of iodine deficiency, although 70 % used iodized salt. Those who did not use iodized salt stated that they had no knowledge about iodine (57 %) and no iodized salt was sold in their village (36 %). The median iodine intake in the three districts was 205–240 μg/d, with 53–74 % of pregnant women having iodine intake <250 μg/d. The median UIE in the three districts was 51–106 μg/l, with 24–35 % having UIE < 50 μg/l. The mean neonatal TSH was 2·40 (sd1·56) mU/l, with 8·9 % of neonates having TSH > 5 mU/l.ConclusionsThe studied women and their fetuses were at risk of mild iodine deficiency. About a quarter of the participants lacked knowledge of the importance of iodine. Education regarding the importance of iodine supplements and the promotion of iodized salt should be added to national health-care policies in order to prevent iodine-deficiency disorders, diseases that are subclinical but have long-term sequelae.

scholarly journals Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women in a Private Clinical Practice in Northwestern Sydney before Mandatory Fortification of Bread with Iodised Salt

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Blumenthal ◽  
Karen Byth ◽  
Creswell J. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim. The primary objective of the study was to assess the iodine nutritional status, and its effect on thyroid function, of pregnant women in a private obstetrical practice in Sydney.Methods. It was a cross-sectional study undertaken between November 2007 and March 2009. Blood samples were taken from 367 women at their first antenatal visit between 7 and 11 weeks gestation for measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and spot urine samples for urinary iodine excretion were taken at the same time as blood collection.Results. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for all women was 81 μg/l (interquartile range 41–169 μg/l). 71.9% of the women exhibited a UIC of <150 μg/l. 26% of the women had a UIC <50 μg/l, and 12% had a UIC <20 μg/l. The only detectable influences on UIC were daily milk intake and pregnancy supplements. There was no statistically significant association between UIC and thyroid function and no evidence for an effect of iodine intake on thyroid function.Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of mild to moderate iodine deficiency in women in Western Sydney but no evidence for a significant adverse effect on thyroid function. The 6.5% prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is unlikely to be due to iodine deficiency.

Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Mityukova ◽  
LN Astakhova ◽  
LD Asenchyk ◽  
MM Orlov ◽  
L VanMiddlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Mityukova TA, Astakhova LN, Asenchyk LD, Orlov MM, VanMiddlesworth L. Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:216–7. ISSN 0804–4643. Casual urine samples were collected to determine iodine excretion of 1680 Belarus children during 1990–1994. The subjects, 8–16 years old, were from nine different regions of Belarus; 60% were from the Gomel oblast, which has been associated with relatively high levels of radioiodine fallout and increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Most of the median values indicate borderline/low iodine intake or mild iodine deficiency. Ranges were wide but 163 children excreted < 20 μgI/l urine and they should be considered severely deficient in iodine. L VanMiddlesworth, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA

scholarly journals Urinary iodine excretion in urine samples among children in Dang district, Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2339
Author(s):  
Rahul Damor ◽  
Jatin Chhaya ◽  
Sukesha Gamit ◽  
Jayant Patel ◽  
J. K. Kosambiya
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal human growth and development as it is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones produced by thyroid glands. The sicknesses occurred due to deficiencies of iodine in the nutrition are termed iodine deficiency disorders. Urinary iodine concentration is the prime indicator of a person’s nutritional iodine status. So, the aim of this study was to assess the status of iodine deficiency based on median urinary iodine excretion.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was carried out among purposively selected primary schools of the Dang district. All students between the age group of 6 to 12 years who were present on the day of visit were included in the study. A total 387 urine samples were collected during the period of August 2015 to September 2016.Results: Based on median urinary iodine excretion, among total analysed samples, about 6.5% samples confirmed severe iodine deficiency, 22% samples showed moderate iodine deficiency and about 36% samples indicated mild iodine deficiency. About one third (31.3%) samples suggested optimum iodine intake. Only few samples (4.4%) revealed more than required iodine intake.Conclusions: About one third (31.3%) of the surveyed population had adequate iodine intake while majority (64.4%) of them had inadequate iodine intake. 

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency among Italian children and adolescents assessed through 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Campanozzi ◽  
Irene Rutigliano ◽  
Paolo E Macchia ◽  
Gianpaolo De Filippo ◽  
Antonio Barbato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iodine Excretion

ABSTRACTBackgroundIodine is an essential micronutrient for intellectual development in children. Information on iodine intakes based on 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE) is scant, because iodine status is only assessed by the measurement of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot urine samples.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate the iodine intake of school-age children and adolescents, using UIE measurement in 24-h urine collections.MethodsThe study population included 1270 healthy subjects (677 boys, 593 girls) aged 6–18 y (mean age ± SD: 10.3 ± 2.9) from 10 Italian regions. Daily iodine intake was estimated as UIE/0.92, based on the notion that $\sim$92% of the dietary iodine intake is absorbed. The adequacy of intakes was assessed according to the Dietary Reference Values for iodine of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Body mass index (BMI) and UIC were also measured for each subject.ResultsBased on the scientific opinion of EFSA, 600 of 1270 subjects (47.2%) had a lower than adequate iodine intake, with a higher prevalence among girls (54.6%) compared with boys (40.2%) (P < 0.001). Although UIE and 24-h urinary volumes increased with age (P < 0.001), a progressive decrease in the percentage of subjects with iodine excretion <100 µg/24 h (P < 0.001) was observed, without any significant difference in the percentage of subjects with UIC <100 µg/L. No significant association was detected between BMI z-score and UIE (P = 0.603) or UIC (P = 0.869).ConclusionsA sizable proportion of our population, especially girls, appeared to be at risk of iodine inadequacy. The simple measurement of UIC could lead to underestimation of the occurrence of iodine deficiency in younger children, because of the age-related smaller urine volumes producing spuriously higher iodine concentrations.

scholarly journals Iodine nutrition in pregnancy and lactation in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1596-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

AbstractObjective: To describe studies evaluating urinary iodine excretion during pregnancy and lactation in women living in cities with adequate or more than adequate iodine intake.Design: Cross-sectional study conducted between 1996 and 1998 in pregnant women and a study of lactating women conducted in 2003.Settings and Subjects: Pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in four cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Urinary iodine excretion and thyroid volume was measured in 403 women. In a second study, 100 lactating women from Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan, Iran were evaluated for thyroid size, and both urinary and breast milk iodine concentrations were determined.Results: In Rasht city, 84% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration of ≥ 200 μg l-1, while in the other cities this percentage ranged from 45 to 55%. When data were combined for the cities of Ilam, Isfahan and Tehran, where women have an adequate or more than adequate median urinary iodine concentration, 51% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration less than that recommended during pregnancy. In Rasht, where the median urinary iodine concentration indicates an excessive iodine intake, 15.4% of pregnant women had a urinary iodine concentration < 200 μg l-1. The mean urinary iodine concentration in lactating women was 250 μg l-1, and 16% of women had a urinary iodine concentration < 100 μg l-1. Grade 1 goitre was present in 8% of lactating women, and another 8% had grade 2 goitre.Conclusions: Findings of this study call for further attention to iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation. The currently recommended intake of iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant and lactating women, and supplementation during pregnancy and lactation should be further considered in light of the latest recommendations.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE LEVELS AND URINARY IODINE EXCRETION AND SERUM THYROTROPHIN CONCENTRATIONS IN SUBJECTS FROM AN ENDEMIC GOITRE AREA IN CENTRAL JAVA

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hennemann ◽  
R. Djokomoeljanto ◽  
R. Docter ◽  
B. M. Goslings ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Urinary 127I excretion, 24 h thyroid 131I uptake and serum values of thyrotrophin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and protein-bound iodine (PBI) were measured in subjects from an area with severe (Segni) and moderate (Londjong) iodine deficiency. In Segni, 90 non-cretinous subjects and 40 cretins were studied. In both sub-groups from Segni non-compensated iodine deficiency was found. Although iodine excretion in these sub-groups was the same (mean: ± sd, 127I μg per g creatinine; non-cretins 16.9 ± 10.1 and cretins 15.2 ± 8.0) thyroid hormone serum levels were less in the cretins probably due to additional primary thyroid failure. In the subjects (non-cretins plus cretins) from Segni a positive relationship (r=0.39, P < 0.001) was found between urinary 127I excretion and serum PBI. Moreover in the same subjects a negative correlation was found between serum PBI and TSH (r=0.43; P < 0.001) while serum T3 did not correlate with TSH. In the Londjong area (mean ± sd 127I urinary excretion: 41.6 ± 18.6 μg per g creatinine) iodine deficiency appeared to be compensated in 52 subjects studied since mean serum levels of TSH, PBI and T3 were within normal range. No correlation between PBI and serum TSH was found. PBI too did not correlate with iodine excretion despite the fact that 37 subjects excreted less than 48 μg 127I per g creatinine below which value iodine excretion varied in all but one of the studied subjects from Segni. It is suggested on the basis of a difference in the average iodine intake between the groups from Segni and Londjong, that lack of "iodine buffer capacity" of the thyroid gland in the Segni subjects leads to a situation where changes in iodine intake are readily reflected in T4 production resulting in the correlation found between PBI and urinary excretion in this group.

scholarly journals Evaluation of iodine nutritional status during pregnancy by estimated 24-hour urinary iodine excretion: population variation range and individual accuracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ye Bu ◽  
Yan Cai ◽  
Chunlei Ji ◽  
Chunyan Zhao ◽  
Chunyuan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Excessive Iodine ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective: To explore the accuracy of estimated 24-hour urinary iodine excretion(24hUIEest) in assessing iodine nutritional status. Design: Fasting venous blood, 24-hour and spot urine samples were collected during the day. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and urinary creatinine concentration (UCrC) were measured, and the urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Cr), 24hUIEest, and 24-hour urinary iodine excretion(24hUIE) were calculated. At the population level, correlation and consistency between UIC, UI/Cr, 24hUIEest and 24hUIE were assessed using correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plots. At the individual level, ROC curves were used to analyse the accuracy of the above indicators for evaluating insufficient and excessive iodine intake. The reference interval of 24hUIEest was established based on percentile values. Setting: Indicator can accurately evaluate individual iodine nutrition during pregnancy remains controversial. Participants: Pregnant women (n=788). Results: Using 24hUIE as standard, the correlation coefficients of 24hUIEest from different periods of the day ranged from 0.409 to 0.531, and the relative average differences ranged from 4.4% to 10.9%. For diagnosis of insufficient iodine intake, the area under the ROC curve of 24hUIEest was 0.754, sensitivity and specificity were 79.6% and 65.4%, respectively. For diagnosis of excessive iodine intake, the area of 24hUIEest was 0.771, sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 82.0%, respectively. The reference interval of 24hUIEest was 58.43-597.65μg. Conclusions: 24hUIEest can better indicate iodine nutritional status at a relatively large sample size in a given population of pregnant women. It can be used for early screening at the individual level to obtain more lead time for pregnant women.

Assessment of iodine intake in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women by a new automated kinetic urinary iodine determination method

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Gültepe ◽  
Ömer Özcan ◽  
Osman Metin İpçioglu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy ◽  
Iodine Determination ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractMaternal iodine deficiency can compromise the thyroid status of the mother, fetus and newborn child. Therefore, it is important to assess the iodine excretion level of groups of pregnant women. In this study we aimed to determine iodine intake in pregnancy using a recently reported automated kinetic method for urinary iodine determination. Urinary iodine measurements of 123 pregnant women (18 first, 28 second and 77 third trimester) were carried out using a new automated kinetic assay based on the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction at 37°C and its kinetic measurement at 340nm in a random-access automated analyzer after ammonium persulfate digestion at 95°C in a water bath with ±0.1°C precision. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software. Whole group, first trimester, second trimester and third trimester urinary iodine concentrations (mean±SD) in pregnant women were 1.13±0.81, 1.08±0.71, 0.86±0.58 and 1.27±0.87μmol/L, respectively. The urinary iodine concentration significantly increased with gestational age (p<0.05). We found that our study group was mildly iodine-deficient according to WHO criteria. Furthermore, the pregnant women were found to be mildly iodine-deficient in the first and third trimesters and moderately so in the second trimester. The only statistical difference was between second and third trimester values (p<0.05). Even though the increased iodine deficiency in the second trimester is not useful for early detection of iodine deficiency in pregnancy, the severity of this deficiency in the second trimester may lead to important effects on thyroid metabolism for both mother and fetus. Our study suggests that the iodine excretion of pregnant women living in iodine-deficient areas could be assessed using this fast and automated method.

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