scholarly journals Speciation Of Candida Isolated From Cases Of Vaginal Candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Ankita Guragain ◽  
Ramesh Bichchha
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is an exceedingly common mucosal infection of the lower female reproductive tract. Mostly, it is caused by Candida albicans. Yet, non-albicans Candida species are also on the rise. Also, increasing resistance to commonly prescribed antifungal agents is of serious concern. Methodology: High vaginal swabs were collected from clinically suspected cases of VVC from patients attending outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of NMCTH. The swabs were subjected to microscopic analysis and culture. Germ tube test, CHROMagar, chlyamydospore formation test and sugar assimilation test were applied for identification of the isolated Candida spp. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates to fluconazole was done by disk-diffusion method. Results: The rate of culture positive cases of VVC was 46.3%. Most number of cases belonged to the age group of 18-27 years (43.6%). Adhibasi-janajati and married women were most commonly affected (55.9% and 62.3% respectively). Abnormal vaginal discharge with burning and itching were the most common symptoms. C. albicans accounted for the majority of the isolated Candida spp. (57.8%), followed by C. glabrata (26.5%) and C. tropicalis (9.8%), C. krusei (3.0%), C. parapsilosis (2.0%) and C. keyfr (0.9%). A total of 34.3% of isolated Candida spp. were resistant to fluconazole. Conclusion: Both C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species were responsible for acute cases of VVC and RVVC. A majority of nonalbicans Candida species were found to be resistant suggesting rise in their prevalence and resistance to fluconazole.

scholarly journals Antifungal Resistant in Non-Albicans Candida Species are Emerging as a Threat to Antenatal Women with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1369-1378
Author(s):  
Kanishka Hrishi Das ◽  
V. Mangayarkarasi ◽  
Maitrayee Sen
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Empirical Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is caused by Candida species. It has been associated with impact on economic cost. Currently, Non-albicans Candida species are more resistant to azoles and get converted from harmless to pathogenic state due to several virulence factors. Monitoring of the antifungal susceptibility pattern is important to know the resistant pattern of Candida species. Thus the objective of this research was to the identification of Candida in species level and to evaluate the antifungal resistance pattern in Candida species isolated from the vaginal discharge of antenatal women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. This prospective study was done in SRM MCH & RC, Chennai, India, from March 2017 and December 2018. An aggregate of 342 vaginal swabs were gathered from antenatal women of symptomatic and asymptomatic VVC. Antifungal susceptibility test was done by the disk diffusion method as per the CLSI guidelines. A total of 112 Candida species were isolated from 342 high vaginal swabs. Out of 112 Candida isolates, 65 (58%) were Non-albicans Candida (NAC) and 47 (42%) were C. albicans. In this study, 103/112(91.6%) of Candida isolates had the highest sensitivity to voriconazole and 26/112(23.2%) of Candida isolates had the highest resistance to miconazole. NAC species are emerging as potential threats to cause infection and posing a therapeutic challenge. Early empirical antifungal therapy and further research to improve diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic strategies are necessary to reduce the considerable morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida spp. isolated from vaginal discharge of pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Risks Factors

Vaginal candidiasis is common fungal infections among pregnant women. The aim of this study is to determine antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida spp. isolated from vaginal discharge and to investigate possible risk factors associated with Candida infection. One hundred high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women complaining from abnormal discharge from various clinics in Gaza city, during 2019. Samples were plated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. Candida isolates were identified to the Genus level based on cultural and morphological characteristic. The susceptibility to seven antifungals was determined using disc diffusion method. Demographic, environmental, behavioral and other possible risks factors associated with vaginal candidiasis were recorded through an interview with patients before collecting the vaginal swabs and after obtaining a verbal consent. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software. Candida spp. was isolated from 43% of vaginal swabs of pregnant women with discharge. Variations existed in the susceptibilities of the different Candida isolates to antifungals. Amphotericin B the most effective with 0% resistance followed by itraconzaol and nystatin with 9.4% resistance. Resistance to miconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole and fluconazole was 11.6%. Statistically significant symptoms associated with positive Candida spp. cultures among pregnant women included; redness of vaginal area, secretions, yeast-like smell, urinary urgency, low sexual desire, itching and irritation (p ≤ 0.05). No statistical significance difference with regard to burning urinary sensation and painful intercourse. Candida spp. was isolated from 43% of vaginal swabs from pregnant women. Risks factors should be minimized by patient education and routine testing of pregnant women.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility and Biofilm Production of Candida spp. Isolated from Clinical Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munmun B. Marak ◽  
Biranthabail Dhanashree
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Biofilm Production

Objective. The study aims to speciate clinical Candida isolates and detect their biofilm-forming ability and antifungal resistance. Methods. All the Candida spp. isolated from different clinical samples like pus, urine, blood, and body fluid were included in the study. Biofilm production was tested by the microtiter plate method. Antifungal susceptibility was studied by the disk diffusion method. Patient’s demographic details such as age, sex, and clinical information were collected. Presence of other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, history of antibiotic use, and any urinary tract instrumentations was also recorded. Results. Among 90 Candida species isolated, most predominant species was found to be C. albicans (45.5%) followed by C. tropicalis (28.88%), C. krusei (20%), C. glabrata (3.33%), and C. parapsilosis (2.22%). Candida spp. were isolated from urine (43%), BAL/sputum (18.88%), high vaginal swab (8.88%), suction tips (7.77%), blood and wound swabs (6.66%), pus (3.33%), bile aspirate (2.22%), and deep tissue (1.11%). A larger number of females were affected than males, and the age group of 51 to 60 years was more susceptible to candidiasis. A higher number of C. albicans isolates produced biofilm followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. However, C. glabrata showed no biofilm production in our study. All Candida isolates were 100% sensitive to amphotericin B. Voriconazole was the next effective drug with 81.11% susceptibility. 24.44% of strains were resistant to fluconazole. Conclusion. Speciation of Candida isolates, detection of ability to form the biofilm, and monitoring of antifungal susceptibility testing are necessary for appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates from Women with Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ghana - A Review of Laboratory Reports.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Antepim Pesewu ◽  
Patrick Kwame Feglo ◽  
Richard Kwaku Boateng ◽  
Samuel Adetona Fayemiwo
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Common Infection

Abstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among women of childbearing age, and few of these women experience recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The study was aimed at determining the virulent factors, and antifungal susceptibility of the Candida species isolated from women with RVVC attending the Nkawie Government Hospital, Ashanti-Region, Ghana. Over a 6–month period (October 2016 to March 2017), a total of 288 women with RVVC were evaluated. Isolation of the yeast was performed after the inoculation of the vaginal specimens onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and incubated for 24-48 hours at 37oC. The isolates were identified by standardized conventional methods. The enzymatic activities of esterase, phospholipase, haemolysis and biofilm production were evaluated for the identification of the yeast isolates. Susceptibility to antifungal agents was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Azole resistant isolates were further tested for ERG11 gene which encodes the enzyme (cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14-α-demethylase) by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Vaginal swabs cultures of 200 women (64.4) from 288 samples yielded Candida species. Candida albicans was the commonest isolated specie (33.0%), followed by Candida glabrata (29.5 %), Candida tropicalis (23.0%), and Candida krusei (15.5%). Hemolysin production, phospholipase enzyme activity, and biofilms formation were found in 84.5%, 83%, 77.5%.of the isolates respectively. Most phospholipase producing Candida isolates also formed biofilms. All Candida spp isolated were susceptible to itraconazole while majority of them were resistant to voriconazole. ERG11 genes were detected in 11.1% of Azole resistant Candida species. There is a significant increase in the rate of antifungal resistance among the Candida isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole. There is need for continuous surveillance as well as antifungal susceptibility testing on the Candida spp to guide therapy. A larger epidemiological study is also advocated to determining the degree of spread of ERG11 genes.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility of clinically significant candida species by disk diffusion method

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Ajitha Reddy Edula
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Test

Antifungal susceptibility of candida. To perform antifungal susceptibility testing on candida isolates by disk diffusion method & study its susceptibility pattern. The present study was conducted in the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad from January 2013 to June 2014, with prior approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. The present study was designed to perform antifungal susceptibility test on Candida isolates by Disk Diffusion Method and study its susceptibility pattern. 102 Candida isolates were subjected to Antifungal susceptibility testing by Disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton Agar + 2% Glucose and 0.5 μg/mL Methylene Blue Dye (GMB) Mediumas per CLSI guidelines. : Antifungal susceptibility test shows that C. albicans is more susceptible to all the antifungal agents tested. Resistance to azole group of drugs was more pronounced in non-albicans candida spp. Voriconazole seemed to be superior to Fluconazole with a better susceptibility in the Fluconazole resistant strains also.Findings of the antifungal susceptibility test suggest that Candida spp., differ in their susceptibility to antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates will be helpful in guiding physicians to select the appropriate antifungal drug so that therapeutic failures can be avoided thus decreasing patient morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated From Vulvovaginitis in Jahrom City, South of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Shokoohi ◽  
Athar Rasekh-Jahromi ◽  
Kavous Solhjoo ◽  
Arash Hasannezhad ◽  
Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Identification Techniques

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a significant health issue due to Candida spp. Although Candida albicans is considered a major causative agent of vaginal candidiasis, non-albicans species have increased during previous decades. Objectives: This research aimed at molecular identification and assessing antifungal susceptibility of VVC isolated Candida spp. Methods: A professional physician examined two hundred and ninety-five suspected females with vaginitis. The specimens were collected by sterile cotton swabs. Swabs were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates and then incubated for 48 - 72 hours at 35°C. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect all Candida species. Broth microdilution, according to the M27-A3 and M27-S4 CLSI documents, were employed for determining the antifungal susceptibility tests of caspofungin (CAS), voriconazole (VRC), itraconazole (ITC), fluconazole (FLU), clotrimazole (CLO), ketoconazole (KTO), amphotericin B (AMB), and nystatin (NYS). Results: A total of 295 females suspected of vulvovaginal candidiasis were examined. The culture results were positive in 50.5% (149 of 295) of specimens. According to molecular identification techniques, C. albicans 133/149 (89.2%), C. glabrata 8/149 (5.4%), and C. kefyr 2/149 (1.4%) were the main species. A mixed infection of C. albicans and C. glabrata 6/149 (4 %) was detected. The geometric mean values to all Candida strains were in increasing order as the following: CAS, 0.075 µg/mL; VRC, 0.091 µg/mL; ITC, 0.15 µg/mL; AMB, 0.22 µg/mL; CLO, 0.23 µg/mL; KTO, 0.28 µg/mL; NYS, 0.88 µg/mL; FLU, 1.48 µg/mL. Further, the MIC ranges of all Candida isolates to the tested antifungal agents were in increasing order as follows: CAS: 0.031 - 0.25 µg/mL, KTO and ITC: 0.031 - 2 µg/mL, VRC: 0.031 - 4 µg/mL, CLO and AMB: 0.031 - 8 µg/mL, NYS: 0.06 - 4 µg/mL, and FLU: 0.12 - 128 µg/mL. Conclusions: We reported 1 (7.2 %) C. glabrata isolate resistance to FLU and 2 (14.3%) C. glabrata isolates susceptible-dose-dependent (SDD) to CAS. We also reported 6 (4.5%), 5 (3.8%), and 2 (1.5%) C. albicans resistance to ITC, FLU, and AMB, respectively, but 100% C. albicans susceptible to CAS and VRC.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates Causing Vulvovaginitis in Reproductive Age Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pabitra Shrestha ◽  
Sunil Mani Pokharel ◽  
Anima Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Lactose Fermentation

Objectives: The study was designed to isolate and identify Candida species from high vaginal swab, and to determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida spp. among women of reproductive age group i.e. 15- 50 years old. Methods: High vaginal swabs were processed to isolate Candida species and identified by Gram’s stain, germ tube formation test, carbohydrate (glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose) fermentation tests and antifungal susceptibility test were performed as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Results: Out of total 261 samples, 42.1% (110/261) were found to be culture positive for Candida spp. Candida albicans was the most common (56.4%) and among non-albicans, predominate species was C. krusei (19.1%) isolated from high vaginal swab specimens All the isolates of Candida species were sensitive to Nystatin and Miconazole and resistant to Itraconazole. Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Clotrimazole are widely used drug against vaginal candidiasis but showed high resistance which leads to treatment failure. Conclusion: This study on the infection rate of Candida and its antifungal susceptibility pattern may help in the choice of appropriate therapy in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antifungal drug resistance of nosocomial Candida species isolated from two university hospitals in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira M. El-Ganiny ◽  
Nehal E. Yossef ◽  
Hend A. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background and Purpose: There is a significant rise in morbidity and mortality of infections caused by Candida. Candida spp. infections are currently ranked fourth among nosocomial infections which are difficult to diagnose and refractory to therapy.Given the differences in susceptibility among various spp., identification of Candida spp. is an important step that leads to the selection of a suitable antifungal. Materials and Methods: A prevalence study was on 122 Candida isolates. The Candida spp. were identified using Chromogenic agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antifungal susceptibility (AFS) of Candida spp. to amphotericin B, fluconazole,voriconazole, and caspofungin was determined by the disc diffusion method. Results: In total, 122 Candida clinical isolates were investigated in this study. Candida albicans with 57.4% (70 isolates) had the highest prevalence rate, while 52 isolates (42.6%) were non-albicans Candida species (NAC). The NAC include Candida krusei (20.4%), Candida tropicalis (6.5%), Candida parapsilolsis (5.7%), Candida dubliniensis (4.9%), and Candida glabrata (4.9%). The AFS showed that the resistance rates of Candida spp. to fluconazole and voriconazole were 13.1% (16 isolates) and 9.8% (12 isolates), respectively. Moreover, only five isolates (4.1%) were resistant to caspofungin. Furthermore, there was no resistance against amphotericin B. The spp. that showed the highest resistance were C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, while the lowest resistance was observed in C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. Conclusion: In conclusion, rapid identification of clinical Candida isolates and standard AFS are essential procedures for controlling the rise of resistant NAC spp.in clinical settings. Usage of fluconazole should be restricted, especially in patients with recurrent Candida infections.

Value of antifungal susceptibility testing in recurrent vulvovaginal Candidiasis by Non -Albicans Candida

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Ghada A. Mokhtar ◽  
Mohamed Sh. Ramadan ◽  
Shymaa Yahia
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Vitek 2

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is regarded as a prevalent vaginal infection and mainly results from Candida albicans. Nevertheless, there has recently been a prominent shift in candidiasis etiology regarding non-albicans Candida (NAC) species with achieving importance. For women with more than three episodes annually are described as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Objectives: To isolate, speciate, and determine the value of antifungal sensitivity pattern of candida species isolated from patients developed (RVVC). Methodology: High vaginal swabs (HVS) were taken from patients with RVVC and cultured on ordinary mycological media. Any significant candida growth was identified and speciated by VITEK 2 system. Their antifungal sensitivity was done by disc diffusion approach governed by CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 110 Candida species from 250 high vaginal swabs were isolated. Among all candida species isolated from patients with RVCC, C.albicanis accounts for 44% while NAC accounts for 56% with C.glabrata most common species isolated. Voriconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin showed high sensitivity rates (92 %, 89%, and 84% respectively) on all candida species (C.albicans and NAC) isolated from patients with RVVC. Conclusion: In RVCC there is increase in NAC (56%) with C.glabrata most common species isolated. Voriconazole, Nystatin, and amphotericin B have the best antifungal activity against all spp.

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