Efficacy of Different Level of Systemic Fungicides on Management of Rice Blast at Baitadi, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Ashok Acharya ◽  
Prabin Ghimire ◽  
Dhurba Raj Joshi ◽  
Kishor Shrestha ◽  
Govinda Sijapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Different Levels

Rice blast (Pyriculariaoryzae Cavara) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the rice crop in across the world. Systemic fungicides are used for the suppression of blast diseases caused by fungal pathogens. Propiconazole and Carbendazim are commercial chemical control products available in markets for the control of the fungal pathogen. An experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of systemic fungicide on suppression of rice blast incidence in farmers' field during wet seasons in 2016. The treatments consisted of the use of different levels of propiconazole and Carbendazim on ‘Rato Basmati’ a landrace rice variety. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The disease was scored according to the standard scale developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Disease severity and Area under Disease Progressive curve (AUDPC) was computed based on that scale score. Propiconazole and Carbendazim at different levels reduce disease development than no treatment (control). But its efficacy was not consistent. The magnitude of disease suppression by Propiconazole was high as compared to Carbendazim. The application of propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml effectively reduced disease severity and AUDPC at different dates. So propiconazole at the rate of 1.5 ml thrice at weekly intervals is effective to reduce the disease development

scholarly journals Efectividad biológica del Azoxystrobin para el control de Pyricularia oryzae Cav. y Cercospora oryzae Miyake en el cultivo de arroz de temporal en Veracruz, México.

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Becerra ◽  
Oscar Tosquy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Better Than

In the state of Veracruz, Mexico, around 22000 ha of rice are sown annually; the average of yield is about 3.5 t/ha and it is mainly due to drought problems, which favours the presence of the fungi Pyricularia oryzae Cav. (rice blast) and Cercospora oryzae Miyake (narrow spot). In order to know the behavior of new fungicides, the effectiveness of Azoxystrobin on the control of these fungi was evaluated. The experiment was established in the municipality of Tres Valles, Veracruz, at the beginning of the 1999 rainy season. Seed of the rice variety Milagro Filipino Depurado was used. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block design with four replications. The evaluated treatments were: Azoxystrobin at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 l/ha vs Tecto60 at 0.5 kg/ha and a non-treated control.These treatments were applied when the first symptoms of rice blast and/or narrow spot were noticed. Factors being evaluate were: incidence, number of lesions in 20 plants, intensity index, phytotoxicity and grain yield. Azoxystrobin controlled both diseases better than Tecto 60; on the other hand, rice plants treated with Tecto 60 had significantly less lesions than the non-treated plants. The best control of P. oryzae and C. oryzae and the highest grain yield (4432 kg/ha) were obtained when Azoxystrobin was applied at 0.6 l/ha, although a good control of both diseases was also attained at 0.2 and 0.4 l/ha. None of the fungicides caused toxicity to rice.

Reduction in Pesticide Use in Plant Disease Control by Integration of Chemical and Non-Chemical Factors

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Shtienberg ◽  
William Fry ◽  
Amos Dinoor ◽  
Thomas Zitter ◽  
Uzi Kafkafi
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chemical Factors

The long term goal of this research project was to improve control efficiency of Alternaria diseases while reducing fungicide use, by integration of chemical and non-chemical factors. Non-chemical factors were genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fertilizers. The Specific objectives were: 1) To quantify changes in resistance among genotypes and over time in terms of disease development and specific phases of the disease cycle; 2) To quantify the effects of fertilizers applied to the foliage alone, or in combination with a fungicide, on disease development; 3) To quantify the relative contribution of genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fungicide type to the reduction of disease development; 4) To develop a strategy for integration of chemical and non-chemical factors which will achieve optimal disease suppression. The influence of physiological age of cotton plants and of the individual leaves, on disease incidence and on the rate of lesion expansion of A. macrospora was examined on leaves sampled from the field. Both parameters increased with the physiological age of individual leaves but were not affected by the age of the whole plant. The hypothesis that enrichment of the foliage with nitrogen and potassium may enhance host resistance to Alternaria and thus reduce disease severity, was examined for potato and tomato (A. solani ) and for cotton (A. macrospora ). Under controlled environment conditions, application of urea or KNO3 resulted in some reduction in disease development; however, foliar application of both nutrients (8-10 sprays in total) did not affect Alternaria severity in the field. Systemic fungicides against Alternaria (e.g. , tebuconazole and difenoconazole) are more effective than the commonly used protectant fungicides (e.g. mancozeb and chlorothalonil). Concepts for the integration of genotype resistance, age-related resistances and fungicide for the suppression of Alternaria diseases were developed and evaluated. It was found that reduction in host resistance, with age and among genotypes, can be compensated for by adjusting the intensity of fungicide applications, i.e. by increasing the frequency of sprays and by spraying systemic fungicides towards the end of the season. In, moderately resistant cultivars protection can be achieved by spraying at longer intervals than susceptible cultivars. The concepts for integration were evaluated in field trials for cotton, potatoes and tomatoes. By following these concepts it was possible to save up to five sprays out of 8-10 in a growing season.

scholarly journals Dissection of broad-spectrum resistance of the Thai rice variety Jao Hom Nin conferred by two resistance genes against rice blast

Rice ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaivarakun Chaipanya ◽  
Mary Jeanie Telebanco-Yanoria ◽  
Berlaine Quime ◽  
Apinya Longya ◽  
Siripar Korinsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Different Levels and Time of Phosphogypsum Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Vaishnav ◽  
M.R. Ananda ◽  
H.M. Atheekur Rehaman ◽  
C. Seenappa ◽  
H.C. Prakasha
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Field Unit ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sulphur Uptake

Background: Groundnut is one of the most important oilseed crops of India. Improving productivity of groundnut to meet the domestic vegetable oil demand through balanced fertilization is the prime challenge lying before the agronomists in the country. With the aim of evaluating phosphogypsum as a source of sulphur nutrition in groundnut, a field experiment entitled “Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to different levels and time of phosphogypsum nutrition” was conducted at Agronomy field unit, University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, during kharif-2019. Methods: Experiment was laid out in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with eleven treatments, of which eight have different combinations of phosphogypsum applied as basal and in split (30 DAS) and one with gypsum as basal alone. Whereas, the remaining two treatments, without any additional source of sulphur are included for comparison. Result: Among eleven treatments, application of phosphogypsum @ 125 kg S eq ha-1 in split recorded highest yield attributes, pod yield (2063 kg ha-1), kernel yield (1418 kg ha-1) and sulphur uptake (11.33 kg ha-1). Which were on par with 100 kg S eq ha-1 in split (2014, 1380 and 10.39 kg ha-1, respectively). All other treatments recorded lower values with lowest in treatments without any additional sulphur source.

scholarly journals Different levels of shade on population of grasshoppers and its oviposition preference on heliconias

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Bittar ◽  
Elen de Lima Aguiar-Menezes ◽  
José Guilherme Marinho Guerra ◽  
Janaína Ribeiro Costa Rouws ◽  
Luiz Augusto de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT: Grasshoppers of the families Acrididae and Romaleidae (Orthoptera) are among the insects that defoliate heliconias and have been gaining status as pests of commercial crops of these plants in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to identify the grasshopper defoliating heliconias in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua, RJ (Brazil), to evaluate the effect of different levels of shade on the population of this grasshopper and the production parameters of heliconias, and to determine if this grasshopper has an oviposition preference among the heliconias evaluated. The experiment was in a completely randomized block design, in subdivided plots (four levels of shade in the plot, 0%, 30%, 50% and 80%, and four species of Heliconia: H. psittacorum, H. stricta, H. wagneriana and H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata ‘Golden Torch’ in the subplot), with four replications. The grasshopper was identified as Cornops frenatum frenatum (Acrididae). An increase in shade resulted in a decrease in the number of oviposition holes from the grasshopper and the number of lateral buds. Shade did not influence the number of C. f. frenatum nymphs and adults and the number of flower stems. H. wagneriana was the most preferred species for oviposition by C. f. frenatum. Results suggested using screens to shade heliconia plants can help control C. f. frenatum populations, however, the light requirements of the heliconias should be considered to guarantee productivity.

scholarly journals Diallel analysis of maize resistance to Phaeosphaeria maydis

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herberte Pereira da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Moro
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Specific Hybrid ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

In breeding programs directed towards genetic resistance against diseases, the estimation of genetic parameters that control resistance allows the introduction of resistance into suscetible germplasm to be clearly focused. The purposes of this study were to estimate heterosis effects, and the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities by using two rating methods for resistance to Phaeosphaeria maydis in a diallel analysis of 36 F1 maize hybrids and their nine inbred lines. Trials were conducted in three environments. Disease severity was evaluated in the whole plant (PI) and in the leaf positioned just below the point of insertion of the main ear (AFA). The trials followed a randomized block design with plots represented by a 5 m long rows. Differences among combining ability estimates for different environments and in both evaluation methods showed significant effects (P < 0.01) for environment (E), GCA, and GCA × E. The SCA, and SCA × E effects were not significant for any of the disease severity variables. The GCA effects were more important than SCA for this set of inbred lines, suggesting that additive genetic effects are the most important sources of variation for this trait. Heterosis effects for resistance were estimated, and it was possible to identify specific hybrid combinations between lines which have high potential for genetic control of this pathogen. Results for both disease severity variables were practically identical, even though the PI method was more convenient to use.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Short Duration Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Drought Prone Areas of Subarnapur District of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
S. Pradhan ◽  
F. H. Rahman ◽  
S. Sethy ◽  
G. Pradhan ◽  
J. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sowing Seed

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and  need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.

scholarly journals Populasi Hama dan Musuh Alami pada Tiga Cara Budidaya Padi Sawah di Sukamandi

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
N. Usyati ◽  
Nia Kurniawati ◽  
Ade Ruskandar ◽  
Oco Rumasa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTPest and natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation in Sukamandi RegionSome on limiting factors in rice production include the cultivation system and pest damage. To suppress the damage, several control techniques have been applied, such as technical culture. The aim of this study was to gain information on population and pest damage, as well as natural enemy population in three different rice cultivation systems. The study was arranged in Randomized Block Design with three treatment and 9 replications. The treatments were: 1) organic rice cultivation, 2) semi organic, and 3) farmer technique. The used rice variety was Inpari 30. The plot size was 6 m x 90 m. The variables observed included population and pest damage, natural enemy population, and rice yields. Thirthy two rice hills were observed randomly in diagonal direction, with 2 weeks interval from two weeks after transplanting until harvest. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the difference among the treatments was evaluated with Duncan multiple area test at 5% level. The results showed that brown plant hoppers population on organic rice cultivation is lower than semi-organic rice cultivation and farmer technique, but there were no difference of natural enemy population among treatments. The lowest yield was obtained from the organic rice cultivation (2.67 t/ha).Keywords: Rice cultivation, Pests, Natural enemiesABSTRAKBeberapa faktor pembatas produksi padi diantaranya adalah cara budidaya dan adanya serangan hama. Untuk menekan serangan hama, beberapa teknik pengendalian telah diterapkan diantaranya adalah pengendalian secara kultur teknis (cara budidaya). Pada MT-2 tahun 2016, penelitian dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai populasi dan serangan hama, serta populasi musuh alami pada tiga cara budidaya padi telah dilakukan di lahan kebun percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi Sukamandi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga cara budidaya dan diulang sebanyak sembilan kali. Adapun cara budidaya yang digunakan terdiri atas:1) budidaya padi organik; 2) semi organik; 3) cara petani. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Inpari 30. Ukuran plot 6 m x 90 m. Variabel yang diamati meliputi populasi dan tingkat serangan hama, populasi musuh alami, dan hasil panen. Pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di pertanaman pada 32 rumpun sampel secara acak diagonal dengan interval dua minggu sekali mulai umur tanaman dua minggu setelah tanam sampai menjelang panen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (Anova) dan perbedaan antar perlakuan dievaluasi dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi hama wereng coklat pada cara budidaya padi organik lebih rendah dibandingkan cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan populasi musuh alami pada cara budidaya padi organik, cara budidaya padi semi organik dan budidaya padi cara petani. Hasil panen terendah (2,67 t/ha) terlihat pada perlakuan budidaya padi organik.Kata Kunci: Budidaya padi, Hama, Musuh alami

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