scholarly journals Diversity of Ground-Dwelling Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Phulchowki Hill, Lalitpur, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Tulsi Raj Adhikari ◽  
Shubha Ratna Shakya ◽  
Shambhu Adhikari ◽  
Indra Prasad Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
Collection Methods

The study assesses the diversity of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Phulchowki Hill, Lalitpur, Nepal focusing their species richness altitudinally and seasonally. Ants were sampled from June 2018 to February 2019using pitfall traps, bait traps and hand collection methods covering an altitudinal range from 1500 m to 2700 m in five selected sites (1500 m, 1800 m, 2100 m,2400 m, and 2700 m). A total of 1443 specimens representing four subfamilies, 12genera and 18 morph species were collected. Formicinae (57.58%) was recorded as the most abundant subfamily followed by Myrmicinae (38.53%), Ponerinae (2.21%) and Pseudomyrmicinae (1.66%). Camponotus was the most speciose (4morphospecies) genus and was most abundant in all seasons. The highest Similarity index (0.667) was recorded between the first and second sites among five sites. Species richness (16), Shannon diversity index (1.504) and abundance (631) were the highest in autumn. Similarly, species richness (12), Shannon diversity index (1.399) and species evenness (0.563) were recorded highest at 2100 m altitude, while species abundance (519) was maximum at 1500 m.

scholarly journals Species richness and diversity in shrub savanna using ordinary kriging

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Pedro Bernardina Batista ◽  
José Márcio de Mello ◽  
Marcel Régis Raimundo ◽  
Henrique Ferraço Scolforo ◽  
Aliny Aparecida dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution and the behavior of species richness and diversity in a shrub savanna fragment, in 2003 and 2014, using ordinary kriging, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both evaluation years, the measurements were performed in a fragment with 236.85 hectares, in which individual trees were measured and identified across 40 plots (1,000 m2). Species richness was determined by the total number of species in each plot, and diversity by the Shannon diversity index. For the variogram study, spatial models were fitted and selected. Then, ordinary kriging was applied and the spatial distribution of the assessed variables was described. A strong spatial dependence was observed between species richness and diversity by the Shannon diversity index (<25% spatial dependence degree). Areas of low and high species diversity and richness were found in the shrub savanna fragment. Spatial distribution behavior shows relative stability regarding the number of species and the Shannon diversity index in the evaluated years.

scholarly journals A checklist of gilled mushrooms (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) with diversity analysis in Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Gogoi ◽  
Vipin Parkash
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Simpson Diversity Index ◽  
Richness Index

<p>Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of five distinct compartments.  A total of 138 species of gilled mushrooms belonging to 48 genera, 23 families, five orders of the class Agaricomycetes, division Basidiomycota, have been collected and analyzed. The order Agaricales was was found with the highest number of species (113), followed by Russulales (14), Polyporales (5), Cantharellales (4) and Boletales (2). The species <em>Coprinellus disseminatus </em>and <em>Megacollybia rodmani</em> have shown the highest (8.26) and the lowest density (0.05), respectively.  A total of 24 species, e.g., <em>Termitomyces albuminosus, Marasmius curreyi, Marasmiellus candidus, Leucocoprinus medioflavus, Mycena leaiana, Hygrocybe miniata, Collybia chrysoropha, Gymnopus confluens</em> were common with frequency percentage of 11.9, whereas <em>Megacollybia rodmani</em> with less frequency percentage (2.4) was found only in few quadrates of the sanctuary.  The highly abundant species were <em>Termitomyces medius</em> (91.7) and <em>Coprinellus disseminatus </em>(86.8), and less abundant species were <em>Psilocybe wayanadensis</em> (1.0) and <em>Lepiota</em> sp. (1.0) in the study site.  The order of the species richness index (<em>R</em>) compartment wise was 2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;1. Both the Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index of agarics was maximum (1.88, 0.98) in compartment 2, whereas minimum (1.72, 0.95) in compartment 1 and 5, respectively.  Moreover, the compartment 2 was found very much similar with compartment 3 and very less similar with compartment 1.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Diversity and Abundance of Insects at the Campus of Higher Polytechnic Institute of Manica, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
António C. Manhice
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Polytechnic Institute ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Diversity Sampling

The aim of this study was to assess insect diversity and abundance at the Campus of Higher Polytechnic Institute of Manica, Mozambique. Collection of insects was carried out by pitfall traps a long linear transects and sweep nets during 21 days of October 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and Shannon diversity index. A total of 1780 individuals of insects belonging to 8 orders, 15 families and 27 species were collected. Highest relative abundance was observed in Hymenoptera order (92.64%), and the least were Blattodea (2.70%), Diptera (2.13%), Coleoptera (0.82%), Orthoptera (1.52%), Phasmatodea (0.06%), Mantodea (0.28%) and Hemiptera (0.11%). The abundant specie was Crematogaster peringueyi (Hymenoptera) with 89.83% follwed by Macrotermes natalensis (Blattodea) and Chrysonmya chloropyga (Diptera) with 2.47% and 1.63% respectively. Higher insect diversity was observed in Orthoptera order (Shannon, H'=1.76), while the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Phasmatodea, Hemiptera, had the lowest diversity (Shannon, H'<1). Further work need to be done in the study area, expanding the duration of the study and applying diversity sampling techniques.

scholarly journals Water Beetles: Species Diversity and Response to Physico-Chemical Parameters in Different Freshwater Habitats in Samtse, Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Tez Bdr Ghalley ◽  
Ugyen Dorji ◽  
Cheten Dorji ◽  
Arjun Nepal ◽  
Namgay Shacha
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Water Beetles ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Bhutan is located between the two zoogeographic regions which are assumed to be rich in diversity of water beetles. The study aimed to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of water beetles in different freshwater habitats in Namgaychholing under Samtse district, Bhutan. The study also analysed the association of water beetles with the physico-chemical parameters. The data were collected from four different habitats with sample plot of 3 m × 1 m for a standard time of 1 hour in every plot. A total of 30 species belonging to 7 families were recorded of which Dytiscidae (n=626, RA=51) was the most abundant family and Lacconectus basalis (n=416, RA=34.13) was the most abundant species. The overall Shannon diversity index of the study area was H ′=2.48. Amongst the different habitats, marshy area had the highest Shannon diversity index (H ′=2.45) and stream had the lowest (H ′=1.82). A Kruskal Wallis test on diversity among different habitats showed no significant difference (p<.05). Through a cluster analysis, the species composition between the river and waterlogged showed 100% similarity index. Canonical correspondence analysis showed temperature as a main determining factor affecting the distribution of water beetles. With broad families encompassing the water beetles, similar study on water beetles in different regions of the country is recommended with particular emphasis on different families. Moreover, Bhutan falls in junction of Palearctic and Oriental Zoogeographic regions, which are known to be rich in diversity of water beetles. Hence, study in high-altitude lakes, which are assumed to be rich in diversity of water beetles are recommended despite social beliefs to keep lakes isolated and undisturbed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Landscape Change on Plant Diversity and Structure in the Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annissa Muhammed ◽  
Eyasu Elias
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Shannon Diversity

Abstract Background: This study aimed to determine the effects of landscape change on floristic composition, diversity, and structure in the Bale mountains national park, which faces a critical challenge from anthropogenic factors. The park is one of the 34 International Biodiversity Hotspots that comprise a variety of life forms. The vegetation data were collected systematically from 96 sample plots laid along 24 line transects. Vegetation composition and landscape structural analysis were made using R software version 3.5.2 and FRAGSTATS version 4.2.1, respectively.Results: Patch number was strong and positively affected species richness (r = -0.90, p < 0.05) and Shannon diversity index (r = -0.96, p < 0.01), and basal area (r = -0.96, p < 0.001), whereas mean patch size was strong and positively influenced species richness (r = 0.95, p < 0.05), diversity (r = 0.87, p < 0.05), and basal area (r = 0.82, p < 0.05). The overall species richness, Shannon diversity index, and Margalef index were significantly higher in the edge habitat than the interior at p < 0.05. However, the mean basal area of woody species in the interior habitat (11.16 ± 1.82 m2 ha-1) was significantly higher than the edge (3.99 ± 0.54 m2 ha-1) at p < 0.05.Conclusion: This study revealed that the park was a biologically diverse and ecologically significant area that provides a variety of ecological and economic benefits to the surrounding communities. Though its habitats are changing alarmingly and urgent restoration and conservation action need to be taken to reverse this situation.

scholarly journals Survey of edaphic fauna in forest fragment in the municipality of Anchieta (SC, Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Brancher ◽  
Margarida Flores Roza-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest

Among the edaphic Hexapods, the insects are more abundant and important in that they act as environmental indicators. This study aimed to conduct a survey of the edaphic fauna in a forest fragment of transition from ombrophilous forest to mixed seasonal deciduous forest in the municipality of Anchieta, SC, Brazil. Samples were collected every fortnight from May to August 2010 by using the method of pitfall traps. Were collected 6598 individuals. The groups more abundant was Hymenoptera with 3398 individuals (51%), Collembola with a total of 1370 individuals (21%) and Diptera represented by 910 individuals (14%). The Simpson Index was found 0.60 and the Shannon Diversity Index was 3.00. The results obtained show that the place studied by provide conditions of survival to susceptible species such as Collembola, indicated a good quality of the soil study.

scholarly journals The system of faunacomponents conception and its application to qualify the degree of naturalness of fish assemblages

2007 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Péter Sály
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Special Case

The increase of species richness in communities of natural biogeographic regions in an anthropogenic way can be expressed as biogeographic pollution. Where there is contaminated fauna, one must investigate how this occured. I studied how the members of Hungarian fishfauna could be present resident and have managed to workout a so-called system of fauna component conception which is suitable for this requirement.The expression of ’faunacomponent’ includes other expressions. That kind of species belong to a certain faunacomponent that reached the studied area in the same way. Species reached the studied area without an anthropogenious contribution are qualified as native fauna components. These kind of species are endemic species, occasional species and settlers. In contrast to native faunacomponents, some kind of human influence is always detectable in connection with the way reached the studied area by non-native species. Accordingly, group of non-native species includes directly or indirectly facilitated settlers, species that are introduced accidentally and those introduced intentionally. It is obvious that classifying a given species could be construed solely in connection with a certain area.Applying Shannon diversity index I have initiated the assemblage natural index (ANI) in order to show a way how to use the system of faunacomponent conception in practice. ANI refers to the degree of naturalness of faunistical samples. If ANI > 1 it means there are not any non-native species and ANI < 1 it means there are some non-native species in the sample respectively. In the latter case ANI decreases proportionally with the number of non-native species and specimens. In that special case when only one specimen of only one non-native species can be found in the faunistical sample ANI = 1.

scholarly journals Floristic Composition, Diversity and Plant Community Along Elevational Gradients in the Afro-alpine Vegetation of Abohoy Gara Mountain, northern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhidin Tahir ◽  
Yemane G. Egzabher ◽  
Meheretu Yonas ◽  
Kidane Giday ◽  
Hayal Lemma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Shannon Diversity

Abstract This research was conducted in Afro-alpine vegetation of Abohoy Gara Mountain in northern Ethiopia with the aim of analyzing floristic composition along elevational gradients, threats and conservation methods. Data were collected from 53 quadrats (15 m x 15 m) laid at 100 m interval along parallel vertical transects spaced at 500m to each other to record shrubs and trees, whereas 1 m x 1 m plots were used to record herbs. Cover abundance data were used to do community analysis using R version 3.1.2 software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine significant level of species richness; abundance and Shannon diversity index along elevational gradient, whereas pearson’s correlation test was applied to check the relationship between environmental variables with species richness, species abundance and Shannon diversity index (H’) using SPSS v20. Ninety-seven plant species composed of 82 genera under 40 families were recorded. The mean number of plant species showed significant difference along elevational gradient (P < 0.05). Besides, significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation of elevation with the plant richness, abundance as well as Shannon diversity index had been observed. Based on dominant species, a total of five plant communities were identified. The maximum plant diversity occurred in community type III (3.79), whereas the least plant diversity occurred in community type IV and community type V. Vegetation cover and species composition of Abohoy Gara Mountain is being endangered by agricultural expansion, over grazing and logging of wood for construction material. Hence, it needs application of complementary on-site and offsite conservation approaches. This calls for further joint management of the Abohoy Gara Mountain by the local people and administrative bodies in the overall conservation actions that can save and rehabilitate the plant resources and their habitats.

scholarly journals The abundance and diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Koneri ◽  
MEIS J. NANGOY ◽  
PARLUHUTAN SIAHAAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index

Abstract. Koneri R, Nangoy MJ, Siahaan P. 2019. The abundance and diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3275-3283. Butterflies play a number of roles in the ecosystem. They help pollination and natural propagation and also are an important element of the food chain as prey for bats, birds, and other insectivorous animals. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the Talaud Islands of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sampling method used was scan sampling along the transect line in three habitat types, namely, forest edge, farmland, and shrubland. The species diversity was determined by using the diversity index (Shanon-Wiener), the species richness index was calculated using the Margalef species richness index (R1), while species evenness was counted by using the Shannon evenness index (E). One-way ANOVA and Duncan test at the 95% significance level were used to determine differences in species richness, species abundance, species diversity values, and species evenness among habitat. In this study, we identified 1008 individuals of butterfly consisted of 32 species and five families. Nymphalidae was the dominant family with 15 species, while the highest abundance species was Eurema tominia. The highest species abundance, species richness index, species diversity index, and species evenness index were found in forest edge habitat. The largest similarity index of the composition of the butterfly communities was found in forest edge and farmland habitats. The abundance and diversity of butterfly species in a habitat are strongly influenced by the diversity of vegetation as shelter and source of nectar for butterflies, and the existence of a river as a source of water and minerals from wet rocks, mud, and sand along the riverside.

scholarly journals On a Variational Definition for the Jensen-Shannon Symmetrization of Distances Based on the Information Radius

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Frank Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Variational Optimization ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Jensen Shannon Divergence

We generalize the Jensen-Shannon divergence and the Jensen-Shannon diversity index by considering a variational definition with respect to a generic mean, thereby extending the notion of Sibson’s information radius. The variational definition applies to any arbitrary distance and yields a new way to define a Jensen-Shannon symmetrization of distances. When the variational optimization is further constrained to belong to prescribed families of probability measures, we get relative Jensen-Shannon divergences and their equivalent Jensen-Shannon symmetrizations of distances that generalize the concept of information projections. Finally, we touch upon applications of these variational Jensen-Shannon divergences and diversity indices to clustering and quantization tasks of probability measures, including statistical mixtures.

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