Development and use of a laboratory apparatus to study the effect of soil texture, crop history, and water potential on soil loss

AbstractFlat lakes with a large catchment area are especially affected by sediment inputs. The Kolleru Lake catchment (south-eastern India) with a surface area of approximately 6121 km2 belongs to such types of lake basins. The study’s main objective was the assessment of both soil erosion and sediment yield concentration rate of the Kolleru catchment. The study was conducted using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model due to its simple and good applicability for soil erosion estimation. Data such as rainfall, soil texture, topography, crop cover management, and support practice factor were integrated into the modeling using RUSLE and ArcGIS. Field data were used both to analyze the soil texture and the slope length factor. The results showed that average annual soil loss was estimated with 13.6 t/ha/year, classifying the Kolleru Lake Basin under a very high erosion rate category. About 38% of the catchment area has encountered slight soil loss. Areas covered with moderate, strong, severe, very severe erosion potential zones are 29%, 17%, 9%, and 5.5%, respectively. This study identified that upland areas with less vegetation cover exported high potential erosion rates. Unlike the soil loss, the sediment delivery ratio values for the catchment were not affected by land use, while it showed a strong relationship with the catchment drainage system. Whereas, the average annual sediment yield was determined with 7.61 t/ha/year, had identified with the same pattern of the soil erosion. Catchment topography, vegetation, drainage system, soil properties, and land use cover played a major role in exporting the highest sedimentation. The outcome of these studies can be used among others to identify critical erosion areas on a pixel basis for the planning of erosion management practices.

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INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE SOLO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDAS A DÉFICIT HÍDRICO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n4p519-530 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 519-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Renata Rocha Pereira ◽

Antônio Evaldo Klar ◽

André Luiz Melhorança Filho ◽

Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues ◽

Magali Ribeiro da Silva

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Water Potential ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Stomatal Resistance ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Hydric Stress ◽

Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽

Stress Influence

INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE SOLO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDAS A DÉFICIT HÍDRICO Maria Renata Rocha Pereira 1; Antônio Evaldo Klar 1; André Luiz Melhorança Filho 2; Andréia Cristina Peres Rodrigues 2; Magali Ribeiro Da Silva 3. 1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] De Melhoramento e Produção Vegetal Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP3Departamento Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP 1 RESUMO O estudo foi desenvolvido com plantas de Eucalyptus urograndis em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu - SP, nos meses de março a julho de 2005, com objetivo o de avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico nas características morfológicas e fisiológicas, em dois solos de diferentes texturas argilosa (solo 1) e média (solo 2). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, fatorial, com quinze repetições. O manejo hídrico foi estabelecido com base em dois potenciais mínimos de água no solo (Yw): -0,03 MPa ou -1,5 MPa. . Os resultados demonstraram que tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram desempenho significativo em todas características morfológica sem relação às submetidas a déficit hídrico. Plantas cultivadas em solos de textura média apresentam uma redução de até 43% na área foliar, 35% no diâmetro de colo, 54% na matéria seca de parte aérea, e em solos de textura argilosa houve redução de 42.8% na área foliar, 40% no diâmetro de colo e 25% na matéria seca radicular, com restrição hídrica em relação às irrigadas no tratamento -0,03 MPa.. O menor valor de potencial hídrico foliar (f) foi -17,166 MPa (solo 2 sob estresse), e o maior potencial no solo 1 sem estresse hídrico (-6,766 MPa). Os tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram maior transpiração se comparados àqueles sob déficit hídrico com diferenças de até 13% . Verificou-se que os tratamentos sob w = -1,5 MPa e solo 2 apresentaram maiores valores de resistência estomática (Rs) em todos os horários medidos, sendo 14 h o horário mais crítico, com valores de até 2,149 s.cm-¹. A temperatura foliar ( Tf) mostrou correlação significativa com Rs, onde tratamentos com solo de textura média se mostraram mais sensíveis, chegando a 32oC. UNITERMOS: estresse hídrico, potencial de água, transpiração, resistência estomática. PEREIRA, M.R.R.; KLAR, A.E.; MELHORANÇA FILHO, A. L. ; RODRIGUES, A. C. P. ; SILVA, M. R. MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESMENT OF PLANTS OF Eucalyptus urograndis IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF SOIL ON HYDRIC DEFICIT 2 ABSTRACT The studies were developed with plants of Eucalyptus urograndis under greenhouse conditions , at Paulista University (UNESP), Botucatu - SP, from March to July, 2005. The objective was to evaluate hydric stress influence on morphological and physiological characteristics of plants in clayay (1) and medium (2) soil texture. Two water treatment were used: -0.03 and -1.5 MPa minimum soil water potentials (w). Plants from soil 2 and -1.5MPa showed 43% reduction on leaf área, 35% on base stem diameter, 54% on aerial vegetal dry matter and plants from soil 1 presented 42.8% reduction on leaf área, 40% base stem diameter and 25% dry matter root reduction in relation to -0.03 MPa.. The lowest leaf water potential (f) value was-17.166 MPa on w = -1.5 MPa and soil 2 and the greatest one on soil 1 and w = -0.03 MPa.(-6.766 MPa,). The treatment -0.03MPa showed about 13% higher transpiration values than those plants from -1.5MPa . The higher Rs value (2.149 s.cm-1) occurred on plants under -1.5MPa and soil 2. There was significant correlation between Tf and Rs. KEYWORDS: hydric stress, transpiration water potential and stomatal resistance

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The Influence of Soil Water Potential and Soil Texture on the Survival of Rhizobium Japonicum and Rhizobium Leguminosarum Isolates in the Soil

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500040017x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 761-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. L. Mahler ◽

A. G. Wollum

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽

Soil Water Potential ◽

Rhizobium Japonicum

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HYSTERESIS OF SOIL–ROOT INTERFACE WATER POTENTIAL AND TRANSPIRATION IN RESPONSE TO SOIL DEHYDRATION FOR PRUNUS × CISTENA GROWN IN DIFFERENT SOIL MIXES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.4.250e ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 250e-251

Author(s):

Hui-lian Xu ◽

Jean Caron ◽

André Gosselin

Keyword(s):

Water Potential ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Water Availability ◽

Soil Water Availability ◽

Hysteresis Phenomenon ◽

Plant Water ◽

Xylem Water Potential ◽

Plant Water Potential ◽

The Difference

Water potential at soil–root interface (ψ s-r) indicates soil water availability to the plants. It is related to plant water potential and transpiration. To know the characteristics of ψ s-r, in the plants under a subirrigation system, hysteresis of ψ s-r, as well as xylem water potential (ψ x) and transpiration were examined in response to soil dehydration for Prunus × cistena grown in three soil mixes: mix 1-composted bark, peat, and sand; mix 2—peat, bark, sand, and compost; and mix 3—peat, sawdust, and sand. When the soil mixes were dried from high to low water potential (ψ s), plants grown in mix 2 maintained higher ψ s-r, as well as higher ψ x and higher transpiration. However, when the soil mixes were dehydrated from the bottom, the relationships of ψ s-r, ψ x, and transpiration to ψ s showed strong hysteresis effect. ψ s-r was always lower at a given ψ s when soil was rewetted from dry to wet conditions than when soil was dried from wet conditions. ψ x and transpiration also showed hysteresis in response to soil dehydration. The extent of hysteresis was the largest in mix 2 and the smallest in mix 3. Hysteresis of ψ X or transpiration showed a similar trend to that of ψ s-r. This suggests that ψ s-r is a good indicator of soil water availability to the plants and more directly related to ψ X and transpiration than is ψ s. The difference in hysteresis of ψ s-r among soil mixes might be related to the properties of hydraulic conductance, which are determined by the soil texture. Hence, further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism of the hysteresis phenomenon.

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KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

Jurnal Pertanian Tropik ◽

10.32734/jpt.v2i2.2897 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 148-158

Author(s):

Surianto

Keyword(s):

Soil Texture ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchangeable Cations ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Hole Profile ◽

And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

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KAJIAN EROSI LAHAN DI KAWASAN AIR STRIP RUNWAY 2600 BANDARA DEPATI AMIR (PGK) BERDASARKAN TATA GUNA LAHAN MASTERPLAN ULTIMATE

FROPIL (Forum Profesional Teknik Sipil) ◽

10.33019/fropil.v7i2.1627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 100-111

Author(s):

Miskar Maini ◽

Junita Eka Susanti

Keyword(s):

Sediment Yield ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽

Sediment Delivery ◽

Soil Loss Equation

Standar permintaan engineering pesawat agar desain bangunan infrastruktur di area Air Strip Runway 2600 yang ada dapat mempunyai fungsi lain. Sedangkan kondisi lain sangat menentukan keselamatan karena lahan di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) jika tidak ditutupi vegetasi seperti rumput, kondisi lain lahan yang belum ditutupi vegetasi di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 berpotensi akan mengalami erosi lahan, kemudian hasil erosi lahan ini akan terbawa oleh aliran air sehingga akan masuk ke saluran drainase yang akan menyebabkan sedimentasi pada saluran drainase tersebut, akhirnya akan berkurang efektifitas kinerja saluran drainase tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk memprediksi laju rata-rata erosi di area Air Strip Runway 2600 dengan memperhitungkan faktor erosivitas hujan, erodibilitas tanah, kemiringan lereng atau panjang lereng, pengelolaan tanaman dan konservasi tanah, yang masing masing tata guna lahan tersebut mengacu pada Masterplan Ultimate Bandara Depati Amir (PGK). Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan persamaan USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) yang dikembangkan oleh Wischmeier dan Smith (1965, 1978), kemudian Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) dan Sediment Yield.Hasil penelitian ini, prediksi laju erosi permukaan pada area Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) tahun pertama yang mencapai 5,60 mm/tahun atau 100,76 Ton/Ha/tahun, laju erosi tahun kedua mencapai 3,38 mm/tahun atau 60,84 Ton/Ha/tahun dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam kelas bahaya erosi sedang (kelas III) dan nilai SDR adalah sebesar 56,3%, nilai sediment yield (SR) pada tahun pertama sebesar 5.887,59 Ton/Tahun, pada tahun kedua ketika rumput pada area Air Strip telah tumbuh dengan sempurna terjadi penurunan hasil sediment yield yaitu nilai SR sebesar 3.554,85 Ton/Tahun.

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