Collaboration in an ad hoc grant-writing community: an ethnographic study

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Writing Community

scholarly journals Selectively permeable national borders: An ethnographic study of a pre-entry TB screening centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Potter
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Core Member ◽  
Visa Application ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background The securitisation of borders against the threat of invading microbes, carried by immigrant bodies, is not a new phenomenon. Tuberculosis (TB), transmitted through coughing, has been a core member of the infectious diseases deemed important to control for more than a century. Following evidence suggesting airport screening for TB using chest x-rays was ad hoc, ineffective and costly, the UK - following in the footsteps of other high-income, low TB-burden countries - moved to pre-entry screening of migrants for TB. Thus the 'biosecuritisation' of immigrant bodies was shifted off-shore. Since 2014, pre-entry screening for TB has been a mandatory part of the visa application system for those moving to the UK for a period of 6 months or longer from high-incidence countries. This ethnographic study explores how pre-entry screening is experienced by migrants. Methods Data was drawn from a project exploring migrants' experiences of accessing healthcare. This involved a focused ethnography, comprising 180 hours of field work over four weeks including interviews with clients and staff, in a pre-entry TB screening centre in India in 2017. During this time over 1000 individuals were screened for active pulmonary TB as part of their visa application. In addition, 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with migrants diagnosed with TB in the UK. Foucault's concept 'governmentality' and sociological theories of bordering were used alongside thematic analysis to analyse the data. Results This study reveals the previously undocumented harms experienced by individuals who are required to undergo pre-entry screening for TB. Through the 'biosecuritisation' of some, but not all, off-shore bodies; some, but not all, off-shore TB; some, but not all, infectious diseases; pre-entry screening becomes a border force, reinforcing global inequities and racialised hierarchies. In this context, I argue pre-entry screening makes UK citizens live while letting 'others' die. Key messages Pre-entry screening marks migrants as ‘other’ in a global, racialised, hierarchy of TB risk that ignores intra-country heterogeneity, obfuscating solutions that might reduce inter-country inequities. The global health security agenda must consider the experiences of those caught up in its policies and practices in order to ensure disease control does not do more harm than good.

Working with Wolt

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (GROUP) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kalle Kusk ◽  
Claus Bossen
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Food Transport ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Human Support

In this paper, we present the results of an ethnographic study focusing on food deliveries for the digital platform Wolt. The platform manages food transport ordered by customers to be delivered at home from restaurants, and subcontracts the transport to workers called 'couriers', who act as independent firms or entrepreneurs. The paper is based on six months of participant observation, during which time the first author worked as a courier, as well as on ad-hoc conversations and semi-structured interviews with other couriers. We describe couriers' work for the platform and discuss our findings using Möhlmann and Zalmanson's definition of algorithmic management. We found both similarities and differences. It was noticeable that the couriers were positive about their work that no penalties or wage reductions were enforced, and that human support complemented the platform's algorithmic management. Thus, the algorithmic management we observed is neither harsh (as it has been described on other platforms including Uber), nor like the algorithmic despotism present on Instacart, for example. Hence, we refer to it as 'lenient algorithmic management' and underline the importance of adding new perspectives to our understanding of what algorithmic management can be, as well as looking at the context in which it is practised. To complement this finding of lenient algorithmic management, we present a set of strategies couriers must engage in to be effective on the platform: Thus, couriers must 1) schedule their work for peak hours to limit the amount of time they waste, 2) bundle orders to increase their payment per tour, 3) make use of support to handle customers and cancel orders involving delays, and 4) make use of the ecology of local support structures. The contribution of this paper is to add new perspectives to the way we perceive algorithmic management by presenting a lenient form of algorithmic management and indicating the importance of looking at the context in which it is practised, while describing what it takes to be an effective worker on the Wolt platform.

Cultures of Curriculum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Bolotin Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
School Cultures ◽  
School Structures ◽  
Curriculum Inquiry ◽  
Curriculum Framework ◽  
Curriculum Transformation

The concept of cultures of curriculum is an iteration of the classification system known as curricular orientations. Intended as a framework for curriculum development and a heuristic for curriculum inquiry, a culture of curriculum is a philosophy-based curricular orientation supported by coherent practices. A curricular culture is characterized by a shared and unifying vision that guides articulation of goals, inspires consensus, and stimulates the desire for change. Diverse cultures of curriculum have existed historically and are enacted in contemporary schools and universities; they are not static. Societal change, scholarly discoveries, and political or ethical discourse influence educators’ knowledge and public beliefs about education. Essentially, this conceptual model involves perceiving curriculum through a cultural perspective, as a series of interwoven dynamics and not merely as explicit content. Curriculum theorized as culture attends to continuing dialogue, values, metaphors, the environment in which education takes place, power relationships, and the norms that affect educators’ and stakeholders’ convictions about right or appropriate education. Subsequently, the cultures of curriculum framework for curriculum inquiry comprises both analysis of beliefs and ethnographic study of lived curriculum. This conceptual model also casts light on curriculum transformation, viewed through the cultural lens as reculturing curriculum. The process begins with inquiry through the cultures of curriculum framework to investigate the extant curriculum in classrooms and schools. Such examination may result in awareness of ad hoc curriculum featuring a multitude of contradictory purposes and activities or the realization that authorized curriculum work conflicts with educators’ philosophies and moral purposes. Concurrently, the study of curricular cultures may stimulate curriculum leadership as educators imagine ways to change their own curriculum work, initiate conversations with colleagues and stakeholders, and eventually commit energies and resources to reculturing curriculum. Rather than making partial modifications to school structures or trying out the latest instructional methods, curriculum transformation informed by the concept of curricular cultures embodies profound change to values, norms, and practices, as well as to classroom and school cultures.

An ethnographic study illuminating the effect of endogenous and exogenous uncertainty on tumor board decision making.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19156-e19156
Author(s):  
Barbara Oureilidis-DeVivo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Tumor Boards

e19156 Background: Hospital tumor boards (TBs) exist to help multidisciplinary specialists determine the best treatment plan for patients through multidisciplinary input and evidence-based treatment recommendations. However, decision-making processes and outcomes vary and may not consistently follow a linear, rational decision-making process or represent evidenced-based clinical guidelines. The ad hoc nature of multidisciplinary cancer teams can create limitations in interoperable functioning, especially in ambiguous environments. Methods: This qualitative ethnographic study explores levels of patient situational complexity under TB review within different structural dynamics in a group and describes how TBs cope with uncertainty when making treatment decisions. The study reports on original research and used ethnographic methods in 44 tumor boards at seven research hospitals in the United States and United Kingdom. Results: Results show TB decision-making process and outcomes are obstructed by the level of situational complexity in each patient’s case depending on the social dynamics of the group. Conclusions: Although multidisciplinary teams provide the benefit of variety in backgrounds and expertise, this structural diversity can also lead to limitations in the actual functioning of a group. By exploring the variations in this decision-making process, a deeper understanding can be reached of how oncology physicians make decisions about the clinical pathway for cancer patients and how this affects TB functionality.

scholarly journals Nocturnidad y Noctis: Consideraciones para la etnografía de trabajo de producción de nocturnidad

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Julio César Becerra Pozos
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Natural Cycle ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

Abstract Partiendo de la reflexión teórica que procura hacer una distinción de la noche como algo más que un ciclo natural, considerándola una configuración socio espacial y temporal, cargada por la subjetividad de todos los que participan en ella, así como de estructuras culturales y relacionales; articulándola desde lo laboral, se propone analizarla desde dos facciones sumamente interconectadas: noctis y nocturnidad.Centrando la propuesta de este artículo en la nocturnidad; mediante el estudio etnográfico de las características siu generis del trabajo de producción de interacciones realizado por meseros y meseras en espacios semi privados de venta y consumo de alcohol en dos subconjuntos de bares de la Ciudad de México, se conceptualiza a dicha actividad como un trabajo no clásico de producción de nocturnidad.Más adelante, se presentan las consideraciones y adaptaciones a las técnicas y estrategias de investigación utilizadas, además de los desafíos éticos y prácticos que se generan en las etnografías de trabajo de nocturnidad. Finalmente, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de una conceptualización configuracional y ad hoc para el estudio etnográfico de las multiplicidades del trabajo de economía nocturna en el servicio de producción de interacciones.Palabras clave: Nocturnidad; Trabajo no clásico; Performance laboral; Economía de tiempo nocturno; Etnografía  AbstractStarting on a theoretical reflection, in which the night is a social, spacial temporal configuration, full of the subjectivity of the cultural and relational structures of those who participate on it, rather than just a natural cycle; once joint with the labor perspective, it’s the proposal of this article to analyze the night from it’s two highly related components: noctis and nocturnidad.The considerations and adaptations to the research technics and strategies used, along with the ethical and practical challenges from the ethnography of the nocturnity work, comes next. Finally, the emphasis on the need of an ad hoc configurational conceptualization in the ethnographic study of night time economy work diversity.Key words: ethnography, nocturnity, night labour, non classic work, night time economy

Experience With Grant Writing: Where Do I Even Begin?

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
Know How ◽  
Daunting Task

Abstract At first, grant writing may look like a daunting task. You may ask yourself, “Is it really worth the time and effort?” With today's economic situation, teachers and therapists need ways to supplement their programs and grants provide such an opportunity. However, many of us do not know how to get started. After a few experiences and many lessons learned, I have come to enjoy researching and writing grants to supplement my students' learning. It is well worth the time and effort. This article provides information about a personal journey, lessons learned, and resources to get you started.

Die COVID-19-Pandemie im akutstationären Setting aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege

Pflege ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Katharina Silies ◽  
Angelika Schley ◽  
Janna Sill ◽  
Steffen Fleischer ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qualitative Studie ◽  
Skill Mix ◽  
Task Forces

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist eine Ausnahmesituation ohne Präzedenz und erforderte zahlreiche Ad-hoc-Anpassungen in den Strukturen und Prozessen der akutstationären Versorgung. Ziel: Ziel war es zu untersuchen, wie aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege die stationäre Akutversorgung durch die Pandemiesituation beeinflusst wurde und welche Implikationen sich daraus für die Zukunft ergeben. Methoden: Qualitative Studie bestehend aus semistrukturierten Interviews mit fünf Verantwortlichen des leitenden Pflegemanagements und drei Hygienefachkräften in vier Krankenhäusern in Deutschland. Die Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Befragten beschrieben den auf die prioritäre Versorgung von COVID-19-Fällen hin umstrukturierten Klinikalltag. Herausforderungen waren Unsicherheit und Angst bei den Mitarbeiter_innen, relative Ressourcenknappheit von Material und Personal und die schnelle Umsetzung neuer Anforderungen an die Versorgungleistung. Dem wurde durch gezielte Kommunikation und Information, massive Anstrengungen zur Sicherung der Ressourcen und koordinierte Steuerung aller Prozesse durch bereichsübergreifende, interprofessionelle Task Forces begegnet. Schlussfolgerungen: Die in der COVID-19-Pandemie vorgenommenen Anpassungen zeigen Entwicklungspotenziale für die zukünftige Routineversorgung auf, z. B. könnten neue Arbeits- und Skill Mix-Modelle aufgegriffen werden. Für die Konkretisierung praktischer Implikationen sind vertiefende Analysen der Daten mit zeitlichem Abstand erforderlich.

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