scholarly journals Nocturnidad y Noctis: Consideraciones para la etnografía de trabajo de producción de nocturnidad

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Julio César Becerra Pozos
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Natural Cycle ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Relational Structures ◽  
Theoretical Reflection

Abstract Partiendo de la reflexión teórica que procura hacer una distinción de la noche como algo más que un ciclo natural, considerándola una configuración socio espacial y temporal, cargada por la subjetividad de todos los que participan en ella, así como de estructuras culturales y relacionales; articulándola desde lo laboral, se propone analizarla desde dos facciones sumamente interconectadas: noctis y nocturnidad.Centrando la propuesta de este artículo en la nocturnidad; mediante el estudio etnográfico de las características siu generis del trabajo de producción de interacciones realizado por meseros y meseras en espacios semi privados de venta y consumo de alcohol en dos subconjuntos de bares de la Ciudad de México, se conceptualiza a dicha actividad como un trabajo no clásico de producción de nocturnidad.Más adelante, se presentan las consideraciones y adaptaciones a las técnicas y estrategias de investigación utilizadas, además de los desafíos éticos y prácticos que se generan en las etnografías de trabajo de nocturnidad. Finalmente, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de una conceptualización configuracional y ad hoc para el estudio etnográfico de las multiplicidades del trabajo de economía nocturna en el servicio de producción de interacciones.Palabras clave: Nocturnidad; Trabajo no clásico; Performance laboral; Economía de tiempo nocturno; Etnografía  AbstractStarting on a theoretical reflection, in which the night is a social, spacial temporal configuration, full of the subjectivity of the cultural and relational structures of those who participate on it, rather than just a natural cycle; once joint with the labor perspective, it’s the proposal of this article to analyze the night from it’s two highly related components: noctis and nocturnidad.The considerations and adaptations to the research technics and strategies used, along with the ethical and practical challenges from the ethnography of the nocturnity work, comes next. Finally, the emphasis on the need of an ad hoc configurational conceptualization in the ethnographic study of night time economy work diversity.Key words: ethnography, nocturnity, night labour, non classic work, night time economy

scholarly journals Evaluating alcohol intoxication management services: the EDARA mixed-methods study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 1-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C Moore ◽  
Davina Allen ◽  
Yvette Amos ◽  
Joanne Blake ◽  
Alan Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management Services

Background Front-line health-care services are under increased demand when acute alcohol intoxication is most common, which is in night-time environments. Cities have implemented alcohol intoxication management services to divert the intoxicated away from emergency care. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability to patients and staff of alcohol intoxication management services and undertake an ethnographic study capturing front-line staff’s views on the impact of acute alcohol intoxication on their professional lives. Methods This was a controlled mixed-methods longitudinal observational study with an ethnographic evaluation in parallel. Six cities with alcohol intoxication management services were compared with six matched control cities to determine effects on key performance indicators (e.g. number of patients in the emergency department and ambulance response times). Surveys captured the impact of alcohol intoxication management services on the quality of care for patients in six alcohol intoxication management services, six emergency departments with local alcohol intoxication management services and six emergency departments without local alcohol intoxication management services. The ethnographic study considered front-line staff perceptions in two cities with alcohol intoxication management services and one city without alcohol intoxication management services. Results Alcohol intoxication management services typically operated in cities in which the incidence of acute alcohol intoxication was greatest. The per-session average number of attendances across all alcohol intoxication management services was low (mean 7.3, average minimum 2.8, average maximum 11.8) compared with the average number of emergency department attendances per alcohol intoxication management services session (mean 78.8), and the number of patients diverted away from emergency departments, per session, required for services to be considered cost-neutral was 8.7, falling to 3.5 when ambulance costs were included. Alcohol intoxication management services varied, from volunteer-led first aid to more clinically focused nurse practitioner services, with only the latter providing evidence for diversion from emergency departments. Qualitative and ethnographic data indicated that alcohol intoxication management services are acceptable to practitioners and patients and that they address unmet need. There was evidence that alcohol intoxication management services improve ambulance response times and reduce emergency department attendance. Effects are uncertain owing to the variation in service delivery. Limitations The evaluation focused on health service outcomes, yet evidence arose suggesting that alcohol intoxication management services provide broader societal benefits. There was no nationally agreed standard operating procedure for alcohol intoxication management services, undermining the evaluation. Routine health data outcomes exhibited considerable variance, undermining opportunities to provide an accurate appraisal of the heterogenous collection of alcohol intoxication management services. Conclusions Alcohol intoxication management services are varied, multipartner endeavours and would benefit from agreed national standards. Alcohol intoxication management services are popular with and benefit front-line staff and serve as a hub facilitating partnership working. They are popular with alcohol intoxication management services patients and capture previously unmet need in night-time environments. However, acute alcohol intoxication in emergency departments remains an issue and opportunities for diversion have not been entirely realised. The nurse-led model was the most expensive service evaluated but was also the most likely to divert patients away from emergency departments, suggesting that greater clinical involvement and alignment with emergency departments is necessary. Alcohol intoxication management services should be regarded as fledgling services that require further work to realise benefit. Future work Research could be undertaken to determine if a standardised model of alcohol intoxication management services, based on the nurse practitioner model, can be developed and implemented in different settings. Future evaluations should go beyond the health service and consider outcomes more generally, especially for the police. Future work on the management of acute alcohol intoxication in night-time environments could recognise the partnership between health-care, police and ambulance services and third-sector organisations in managing acute alcohol intoxication. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN63096364. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 24. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

scholarly journals ‘This town’s a different town today’

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Hadfield ◽  
Stuart Lister ◽  
Peter Traynor
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Regulatory Architecture ◽  
Police Action ◽  
Urban Security ◽  
Social Orders

This article considers recent policing and regulatory responses to the night-time economy in England and Wales. Drawing upon the findings of a broader two-year qualitative investigation of local and national developments in alcohol policy, it identifies a dramatic acceleration of statutory activity, with 12 new or revised powers, and several more in prospect, introduced by the Labour Government within its first decade in office. Interview data and documentary sources are used to explore the degree to which the introduction of such powers, often accompanied by forceful rhetoric and high profile police action, has translated into a sustained expansion of control. Many of the new powers are spatially directed, as well as being focused upon the actions of distinct individuals or businesses, yet the willingness and capacity to apply powers to offending individuals in comparison to businesses is often variable and asymmetrical. The practice of negotiating order in the night-time economy is riddled with tensions and ambiguities that reflect the ad hoc nature and rapid escalation of the regulatory architecture. Night-time urban security governance is understood as the outcome of subtle organizational and interpersonal power-plays. Social orders, normative schemas and apportionments of blame thus arise as a byproduct of patterned (structural) relations.

scholarly journals Selectively permeable national borders: An ethnographic study of a pre-entry TB screening centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Potter
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Core Member ◽  
Visa Application ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background The securitisation of borders against the threat of invading microbes, carried by immigrant bodies, is not a new phenomenon. Tuberculosis (TB), transmitted through coughing, has been a core member of the infectious diseases deemed important to control for more than a century. Following evidence suggesting airport screening for TB using chest x-rays was ad hoc, ineffective and costly, the UK - following in the footsteps of other high-income, low TB-burden countries - moved to pre-entry screening of migrants for TB. Thus the 'biosecuritisation' of immigrant bodies was shifted off-shore. Since 2014, pre-entry screening for TB has been a mandatory part of the visa application system for those moving to the UK for a period of 6 months or longer from high-incidence countries. This ethnographic study explores how pre-entry screening is experienced by migrants. Methods Data was drawn from a project exploring migrants' experiences of accessing healthcare. This involved a focused ethnography, comprising 180 hours of field work over four weeks including interviews with clients and staff, in a pre-entry TB screening centre in India in 2017. During this time over 1000 individuals were screened for active pulmonary TB as part of their visa application. In addition, 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with migrants diagnosed with TB in the UK. Foucault's concept 'governmentality' and sociological theories of bordering were used alongside thematic analysis to analyse the data. Results This study reveals the previously undocumented harms experienced by individuals who are required to undergo pre-entry screening for TB. Through the 'biosecuritisation' of some, but not all, off-shore bodies; some, but not all, off-shore TB; some, but not all, infectious diseases; pre-entry screening becomes a border force, reinforcing global inequities and racialised hierarchies. In this context, I argue pre-entry screening makes UK citizens live while letting 'others' die. Key messages Pre-entry screening marks migrants as ‘other’ in a global, racialised, hierarchy of TB risk that ignores intra-country heterogeneity, obfuscating solutions that might reduce inter-country inequities. The global health security agenda must consider the experiences of those caught up in its policies and practices in order to ensure disease control does not do more harm than good.

scholarly journals Newly developed ad hoc molecular assays shows how eDNA can witness and anticipate the monk seal recolonization of central Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Valsecchi ◽  
Emanuele Coppola ◽  
Rosa Pires ◽  
Andrea Parmegiani ◽  
Maurizio Casiraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Sample Set

ABSTRACTThe monk seal is the most endangered pinniped worldwide and the only one found in the Mediterranean, where its distribution and abundance have suffered a drastic decline in the last few decades. Data on its status are scattered due to both its rarity and evasiveness, and records are biased towards occasional, mostly coastal, encounters. Nowadays molecular techniques allow us to detect and quantify minute amounts of DNA traces released in the environment (eDNA) by any organism. We present three qPCR-assays targeting the monk seal mitogenome. The assays were soundly tested on an extensive and diversified sample set (n=73), including positive controls from Madeira breeding population collected during the peak of abundance, and two opportunistic Mediterranean eDNA-sample collections (offshore/coastal) from on-going projects. Monk seal DNA was detected in 47.2% and 66.7% of the samples collected in the Tyrrhenian from a ferry platform (2018-2019) and in the Pelagie archipelago -Strait of Sicily- (2020) respectively, anticipating (up to 2 year) visual observations occurred subsequently in proximity of the sampled areas. In the Tyrrhenian, detection occurrence increased between 2018 and 2019. Monk seal DNA recoveries were commoner in night-time ferry-samples, suggesting nocturnal predatory activity in pelagic waters. The proposed technique provides a non-invasive and yet highly-sensitive tool for defining the monk seal actual distribution and home range, its recovery rate and pinpoint coastal/offshore localities where prioritizing conservation, research, citizen science and education initiatives.

Working with Wolt

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (GROUP) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kalle Kusk ◽  
Claus Bossen
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Food Transport ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Human Support

In this paper, we present the results of an ethnographic study focusing on food deliveries for the digital platform Wolt. The platform manages food transport ordered by customers to be delivered at home from restaurants, and subcontracts the transport to workers called 'couriers', who act as independent firms or entrepreneurs. The paper is based on six months of participant observation, during which time the first author worked as a courier, as well as on ad-hoc conversations and semi-structured interviews with other couriers. We describe couriers' work for the platform and discuss our findings using Möhlmann and Zalmanson's definition of algorithmic management. We found both similarities and differences. It was noticeable that the couriers were positive about their work that no penalties or wage reductions were enforced, and that human support complemented the platform's algorithmic management. Thus, the algorithmic management we observed is neither harsh (as it has been described on other platforms including Uber), nor like the algorithmic despotism present on Instacart, for example. Hence, we refer to it as 'lenient algorithmic management' and underline the importance of adding new perspectives to our understanding of what algorithmic management can be, as well as looking at the context in which it is practised. To complement this finding of lenient algorithmic management, we present a set of strategies couriers must engage in to be effective on the platform: Thus, couriers must 1) schedule their work for peak hours to limit the amount of time they waste, 2) bundle orders to increase their payment per tour, 3) make use of support to handle customers and cancel orders involving delays, and 4) make use of the ecology of local support structures. The contribution of this paper is to add new perspectives to the way we perceive algorithmic management by presenting a lenient form of algorithmic management and indicating the importance of looking at the context in which it is practised, while describing what it takes to be an effective worker on the Wolt platform.

Cultures of Curriculum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Bolotin Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
School Cultures ◽  
School Structures ◽  
Curriculum Inquiry ◽  
Curriculum Framework ◽  
Curriculum Transformation

The concept of cultures of curriculum is an iteration of the classification system known as curricular orientations. Intended as a framework for curriculum development and a heuristic for curriculum inquiry, a culture of curriculum is a philosophy-based curricular orientation supported by coherent practices. A curricular culture is characterized by a shared and unifying vision that guides articulation of goals, inspires consensus, and stimulates the desire for change. Diverse cultures of curriculum have existed historically and are enacted in contemporary schools and universities; they are not static. Societal change, scholarly discoveries, and political or ethical discourse influence educators’ knowledge and public beliefs about education. Essentially, this conceptual model involves perceiving curriculum through a cultural perspective, as a series of interwoven dynamics and not merely as explicit content. Curriculum theorized as culture attends to continuing dialogue, values, metaphors, the environment in which education takes place, power relationships, and the norms that affect educators’ and stakeholders’ convictions about right or appropriate education. Subsequently, the cultures of curriculum framework for curriculum inquiry comprises both analysis of beliefs and ethnographic study of lived curriculum. This conceptual model also casts light on curriculum transformation, viewed through the cultural lens as reculturing curriculum. The process begins with inquiry through the cultures of curriculum framework to investigate the extant curriculum in classrooms and schools. Such examination may result in awareness of ad hoc curriculum featuring a multitude of contradictory purposes and activities or the realization that authorized curriculum work conflicts with educators’ philosophies and moral purposes. Concurrently, the study of curricular cultures may stimulate curriculum leadership as educators imagine ways to change their own curriculum work, initiate conversations with colleagues and stakeholders, and eventually commit energies and resources to reculturing curriculum. Rather than making partial modifications to school structures or trying out the latest instructional methods, curriculum transformation informed by the concept of curricular cultures embodies profound change to values, norms, and practices, as well as to classroom and school cultures.

An ethnographic study illuminating the effect of endogenous and exogenous uncertainty on tumor board decision making.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19156-e19156
Author(s):  
Barbara Oureilidis-DeVivo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Tumor Boards

e19156 Background: Hospital tumor boards (TBs) exist to help multidisciplinary specialists determine the best treatment plan for patients through multidisciplinary input and evidence-based treatment recommendations. However, decision-making processes and outcomes vary and may not consistently follow a linear, rational decision-making process or represent evidenced-based clinical guidelines. The ad hoc nature of multidisciplinary cancer teams can create limitations in interoperable functioning, especially in ambiguous environments. Methods: This qualitative ethnographic study explores levels of patient situational complexity under TB review within different structural dynamics in a group and describes how TBs cope with uncertainty when making treatment decisions. The study reports on original research and used ethnographic methods in 44 tumor boards at seven research hospitals in the United States and United Kingdom. Results: Results show TB decision-making process and outcomes are obstructed by the level of situational complexity in each patient’s case depending on the social dynamics of the group. Conclusions: Although multidisciplinary teams provide the benefit of variety in backgrounds and expertise, this structural diversity can also lead to limitations in the actual functioning of a group. By exploring the variations in this decision-making process, a deeper understanding can be reached of how oncology physicians make decisions about the clinical pathway for cancer patients and how this affects TB functionality.

scholarly journals Tardive Dyskinesia, Oral Parafunction, and Implant-Supported Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lumetti ◽  
G. Ghiacci ◽  
G. M. Macaluso ◽  
M. Amore ◽  
C. Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Edentulous Patient ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Splint Therapy ◽  
Titanium Structure

Oral movement disorders may lead to prosthesis and implant failure due to excessive loading. We report on an edentulous patient suffering from drug-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) and oral parafunction (OP) rehabilitated with implant-supported screw-retained prostheses. The frequency and intensity of the movements were high, and no pharmacological intervention was possible. Moreover, the patient refused night-time splint therapy. A series of implant and prosthetic failures were experienced. Implant failures were all in the maxilla and stopped when a rigid titanium structure was placed to connect implants. Ad hoc designed studies are desirable to elucidate the mutual influence between oral movement disorders and implant-supported rehabilitation.

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