Risk factors for high levels of antibody to Salmonella spp. among market weight pigs

ABSTRACT: To determine Salmonella spp. prevalence/seroprevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factor identification associated with its presence in Colombian swine farms. 504 samples (Faeces, swabs and environment samples) were obtained from 21 farms distributed in four geographical regions in Colombia. Salmonella spp. microbiological and molecular detection were determined by two Salmonella spp. MDS3M™ and MALDI-TOF MS assays, respectively. In addition, for serological evaluation 231 serum samples were analyzed employing ELISA Salmonella Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab (QUIAGEN®). Additionally, 41 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution technique (Panel B1016-180 Beckman Coulter NC72®) and verified with WHONET 2016 software. Risk factors were assessed from a survey and analyzed for statistical significance by U Mann-Whitney test. An 8.9% prevalence (n=45) and 38.1% (n=88) seroprevalence were determined. All isolates presented 100% antimicrobial susceptibility against amikacin. However, resistance against penicillin, tetracycline, cefuroxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was present in more than 50% of evaluated strains. Risk factors associated with Salmonella spp. presence were surface water use, rough-surfaced on floors, presence of hoppers as feeders and worker’s boots. Bacteria were present in animals and environmental samples from evaluated farms. Animal contact and/or exposure with the microorganism were also evident in obtained serological response. Bacteria presence depended on management practices and infrastructure, likewise antibiotic use, supplemented in the diet may have induced an increase in Salmonella spp. antimicrobial resistance.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of Salmonella spp. On the pork production chain in Córdoba, Argentina

10.31274/safepork-180809-369 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

J. P. Vico ◽

G. Aleu ◽

A. Zogbi ◽

I. Sánchez ◽

A. M. Lorenzutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Production Chain ◽

Pork Production ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. contamination of slaughtered chickens in Taiwan

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 105476

Author(s):

Chih-Hsien Lin ◽

Peter J. Adams ◽

Jing-Fang Huang ◽

Yu-Fen Sun ◽

Jiunn-Horng Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salmonella Spp

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Prevalence and risk factors for Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Salmonella spp. in finishing pigs in Polish farrow-to-finish swine herds

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.1515/pjvs-2015-0107 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 825-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Dors ◽

M. Pomorska-Mól ◽

E. Czyżewska ◽

D. Wasyl ◽

Z. Pejsak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Herd Size ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Bacteriological Examination ◽

Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽

Herd Level ◽

The Moment ◽

Swine Herds

AbstractThe aim of the study was to estimate the herd-level, within-herd prevalence, the frequency of mixed infections and risk factors forL. intracellularis,B. hyodysenteriaeandSalmonellaspp. in selected farrow-to-finish Polish pig herds. A total of 254 pooled fecal samples were collected from 9 to 24 week-old pigs in 70 herds. Real time PCR for detection ofL. intracellularisandB. hyodysenteriaewas performed. ForSalmonellaspp. bacteriological examination was performed. The herd-level prevalences ofL. intracellularis, B. hyodysenteriaeandSalmonellaspp. among examined herds were 65.7%, 1.4% and 8.6%, respectively. The within-herd prevalences (in positive herds) forL. intracellularis,B. hyodysenteriaeandSalmonellaspp. were 51.5%, 75.0% and 30.4%, respectively. All herds with diarrhea observed during sampling were infected withL. intracellularisand 60% of herds with no diarrhea at the moment of sampling were infected withL. intracellularis(p=0.035). In herds with more than 200 sows the prevalence ofSalmonellaspp. was significantly higher compared to herds with less than 200 sows (p=0.027). In herds where all-in/all-out (AIAO) was respected, prevalence ofL. intracellulariswas significantly lower than in herds where this rule was not kept (p=0.024). Obtained results confirm thatL. intracellularisis the major cause of bacterial diarrhea in finishing pigs. The present study identified AIAO and herd size as a risk factor, at the herd level, forL. intracellularisandSalmonellaspp., respectively.

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Patient risk factor stratification is essential for the hospital antibiogram

International Journal of Infection Control ◽

10.3396/ijic.v17.20089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karuna Tiwari ◽

Samruddhi Patil ◽

Aparna Naik ◽

Anjali Shetty ◽

Kamini Walia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Patient Risk ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Type 3

Empiric antimicrobial therapy in hospitalized patients is guided by an institution’s cumulative antibiogram, which may not be adequate in giving information on decision-making for optimal treatment in different patient populations. Adding patient risk factors can make it more useful for clinicians in guiding empiric therapy and for antimicrobial stewardship. Cumulative data were obtained for blood culture and urine isolates from the laboratory information system of a tertiary care hospital for 6 months (January to June 2019). Further stratification of organism types and resistance rates on the basis of patient risk factors (Patient Types 1, 2, and 3) was performed and analyzed. Salmonella spp. was seen in community-acquired ward patients (Types 1 and 2). Streptococcus pneumoniae was seen in Type 1 patients, and Acinetobacter spp. was seen in Type 3 patients. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative infection rates were higher in community patients than in hospital patients. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae rates were high in Type 3 hospitalized patients. Cumulative blood methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rates were 43% but stratification showed it only in Type 2 and Type 3 ICU patients with 0% in ward patients. Stratified antibiograms based on patient risk factors are valuable for antimicrobial stewardship and help to optimize empiric therapy and increase the understanding of antimicrobial resistance trends.

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Prevalence, Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis and Presence of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Camel Milk in Garissa County, Kenya

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2020/v6i430158 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-52

Author(s):

M. Noor ◽

V. Rotich ◽

J. W. Kiarie ◽

K. Cheruiyot ◽

J. M. Kagira

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Ring Test ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Milk Samples

Aim: The current study was undertaken to assess the prevalence, risk factors of brucellosis and presence of pathogenic bacteria isolated from camel milk in Garrisa County, Kenya. Methodology: The study design was cross-sectional where questionnaires were administered to farmers to assess the risk factors associated with brucellosis. The experimental study was also employed to identify bacteria in milk samples which were collected from 104 camels. Fifty milk samples were obtained from local farms while 54 were from sales point at Garissa market. Further test for brucellosis using milk ring test was also carried out. Results: The overall prevalence of brucellosis in camel milk was 8%. Most (12.5%) of the positive samples were from Dadaab Sub-county while the rest of the positive samples were from Fafi (5.9%) and Balambala (5.9%) sub-counties. All the 54 samples obtained from Garissa market were negative of brucellosis. Of the total (118) bacteria isolates, those from the farm level were 68.6% and from market were 31.2%. The bacteria isolated from the 104 milk samples were Pseudomonas spp. (32.2%), Salmonella spp. (30.5%), Staphylococcus spp (21.2%), Eschericia coli (8.5%) and Shigella spp. (7.6%). The risk factors that significantly (p<0.05) associated brucellosis were: age of lactating camels (higher in camels aged above 20 years), herd size (higher in camels from herd sizes of between 30-50 camels) and herding of camels with other livestock (higher in camels kept with other livestock). Conclusion: In conclusion, a few milk samples from camels in Garissa County were found to have brucellosis and were heavily infected with bacteria which can cause mastitis. Considering that most people in the study area drank raw milk, spread of these bacteria to man is a high possibility and thus animal and public health officers should implement one health disease control strategies.

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