scholarly journals Salmonella spp. prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and risk factor determination in Colombian swine farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 816-822
Author(s):  
Juan P. Giraldo-Cardona ◽  
Daniela Gualdrón-Ramírez ◽  
Iliana Chamorro-Tobar ◽  
Adriana Pulido-Villamarín ◽  
Natalia Santamaría-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Geographical Regions

ABSTRACT: To determine Salmonella spp. prevalence/seroprevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factor identification associated with its presence in Colombian swine farms. 504 samples (Faeces, swabs and environment samples) were obtained from 21 farms distributed in four geographical regions in Colombia. Salmonella spp. microbiological and molecular detection were determined by two Salmonella spp. MDS3M™ and MALDI-TOF MS assays, respectively. In addition, for serological evaluation 231 serum samples were analyzed employing ELISA Salmonella Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab (QUIAGEN®). Additionally, 41 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution technique (Panel B1016-180 Beckman Coulter NC72®) and verified with WHONET 2016 software. Risk factors were assessed from a survey and analyzed for statistical significance by U Mann-Whitney test. An 8.9% prevalence (n=45) and 38.1% (n=88) seroprevalence were determined. All isolates presented 100% antimicrobial susceptibility against amikacin. However, resistance against penicillin, tetracycline, cefuroxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was present in more than 50% of evaluated strains. Risk factors associated with Salmonella spp. presence were surface water use, rough-surfaced on floors, presence of hoppers as feeders and worker’s boots. Bacteria were present in animals and environmental samples from evaluated farms. Animal contact and/or exposure with the microorganism were also evident in obtained serological response. Bacteria presence depended on management practices and infrastructure, likewise antibiotic use, supplemented in the diet may have induced an increase in Salmonella spp. antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele C. Beuron ◽  
Cristina S. Cortinhas ◽  
Bruno G. Botaro ◽  
Susana N. Macedo ◽  
Juliano L. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Treatment Procedures

The objective of this study was to evaluate herd management practices and mastitis treatment procedures as risk factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial resistance. For this study, 13 herds were selected to participate in the study to evaluate the association between their management practices and mastitis treatment procedures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 1069 composite milk samples were collected aseptically from the selected cows in four different periods over two years. The samples were used for microbiological culturing of S. aureus isolates and evaluation of their antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 756 samples (70.7%) were culture-positive, and S. aureus comprised 27.77% (n=210) of the isolates. The S. aureus isolates were tested using the disk-diffusion susceptibility assay with the following antimicrobials: ampicillin 10mg; clindamycin 2μg; penicillin 1mg; ceftiofur 30μg; gentamicin 10mg; sulfa-trimethoprim 25μg; enrofloxacin 5μg; sulfonamide 300μg; tetracycline 30μg; oxacillin 1mg; cephalothin 30μg and erythromycin 5μg. The variables that were significantly associated with S. aureus resistance were as follows: the treatment of clinical mastitis for ampicillin (OR=2.18), dry cow treatment for enrofloxacin (OR=2.11) and not sending milk samples for microbiological culture and susceptibility tests, for ampicillin (OR=2.57) and penicillin (OR=4.69). In conclusion, the identification of risk factors for S. aureus resistance against various mastitis antimicrobials is an important information that may help in practical recommendations for prudent use of antimicrobial in milk production.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Isabella Martini ◽  
Laura Migone ◽  
Lucia Decastelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

Neonatal aortic arch thrombosis: analysis of thrombophilic risk factors and prognosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonne Wieland ◽  
Thomas Jack ◽  
Kathrin Seidemann ◽  
Martin Boehne ◽  
Florian Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Leiden Mutation

AbstractArterial thrombosis in neonates and children is a rare event and is often associated with external risk factors such as asphyxia or sepsis. We report our experiences with two neonates with spontaneous aortic arch thrombosis mimicking aortic coarctation. Despite single case reports until now, no data exist for the underlying thrombophilic risk factors and prognosis of this rare event. Both patients were carriers of a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation, which has been reported once before as a risk factor for aortic arch thrombosis. One of our patients was operated upon successfully and is alive. The second patient suffered a large infarction of the right medial cerebral artery and had a thrombotic occlusion of the inferior caval vein. The patient obtained palliative care and died at the age of 6 days. In the literature, we identified 19 patients with neonatal aortic arch thrombosis. Of the 19 patients, 11 (58%) died. Including the two reported patients, the mortality rate of patients with multiple thromboses was 80% (8/10) compared with 18% (2/11) for patients with isolated aortic arch thrombosis; this difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.009). The analysis of thrombophilic disorders revealed that factor V Leiden mutation and protein C deficiency seem to be the most common risk factors for aortic arch thrombosis.Conclusion:Neonatal aortic arch thrombosis is a very rare but life-threatening event, with a high rate of mortality, especially if additional thrombotic complications are present. Factor V Leiden mutation seems to be one important risk factor in the pathogenesis of this fatal disease.

scholarly journals Fusidic Acid: A Neglected Risk Factor for Statin-Associated Myopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117954681881516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Rönnqvist ◽  
Pär Hallberg ◽  
Qun-Ying Yue ◽  
Mia Wadelius
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Swedish Medical ◽  
Statin Dose

Background: Statins are widely used lipid-lowering drugs used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Statins are known to cause myopathy, an adverse drug reaction with various clinical features rhabdomyolysis. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics of statin-treated individuals who experienced myopathy and identify risk factors of statin-associated myopathy. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on cases of statin-associated myopathy reported to the Swedish Medical Products Agency. Clinical factors were compared between cases and statin-treated controls not diagnosed with myopathy. Statistical methods were univariate and multivariate logistic regression and results were presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). To correct for multiple comparisons, the cutoff for statistical significance was set to P < .0017. Results: In total, 47 cases of statin-associated myopathy were compared with 3871 treated controls. Rhabdomyolysis was diagnosed in 51% of the cases. Markers for cardiovascular disease were more common in cases than controls. Statistical analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for myopathy: high statin dose (OR = 1.54, calculated using the standard deviation 19.82, 95% CI = 1.32-1.80, P < .0001), and concomitant treatment with fusidic acid (OR = 1002, 95% CI = 54.55-18 410, P < .0001), cyclosporine (OR = 34.10, 95% CI = 4.43-262.45, P = .0007), and gemfibrozil (OR = 12.35, 95% CI = 2.38-64.10, P = .0028). Conclusions: The risk of myopathy increases with statin dose and cotreatment with cyclosporine and gemfibrozil. Concomitant fusidic acid has previously only been noted in a few case reports. Considering that use of fusidic acid may become more frequent, it is important to remind of this risk factor for statin-associated myopathy.

scholarly journals Abdominal obesity as a risk factor for stroke in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Onwuegbuzie ◽  
Peter Alabi ◽  
Fatima Abdulai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Obesity in Africa has remained a public health concern, which is been fueled by urbanization and its attendant lifestyle changes which includes less energy demanding jobs, sedentary lifestyle and adopting detrimental western eating habits. There are well established risk factors for stroke, however the association of obesity with that of stroke is less clear.Methods: This study was designed to determine whether abdominal obesity is independently associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke. It is a case control study of 113 patients in which structured questionnaire was administered to consecutive patients admitted into the medical wards. The controls were matched for age and sex from a database with participants of the population-based cohort study. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SAS software (SAS Institute) 9.4.Results: In the study 85% of the patients had hypertension, 50.5% had hypercholesterolemia and 33.6% had diabetes. The BMI was normal for most of the cases (23.3% vs. 76.7% p<0.0001) while the WHR was increased for most of the cases (70.9% vs. 29.1% p<0.0001). The statistical significance shows that WHR was more sensitive in assessing obesity than BMI. The logistic regression analysis, in model 1 unadjusted and model 2 adjusted for sex and age, BMI showed a positive association with risk of stroke (OR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17; p=0.002) this association lost its significance in model 3 after adjusting for diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.96-1.13; p=0.3751). The results of logistic regression analysis for WHR for model 1, model 2 and model 3 did not show any significance before and after adjustment.Conclusions: Abdominal obesity may increase the risk of ischemic stroke through conventional vascular risk factors, but not as an independent risk factor.

scholarly journals Risk factors and incidence of colorectal cancer according to major molecular subtypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xiaosheng He ◽  
Tomotaka Ugai ◽  
Koichiro Haruki ◽  
Chun-Han Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Subtype 3

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can develop via three major pathways, including the conventional, serrated, and alternate pathways. We aimed to examine whether the risk factor profiles differ according to pathway-related molecular subtypes. Methods We examined the association of 24 risk factors with four CRC molecular subtypes based on a combinatorial status of microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), BRAF and KRAS mutations by collecting data from two large US cohorts. We used inverse probability weighted duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate differential associations across subtypes. Results We documented 1,175 CRC cases with molecular subtype data: subtype 1 (n = 498; conventional pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low/negative, BRAF-wildtype, KRAS-wildtype), subtype 2 (n = 138; serrated pathway; any MSI status, CIMP-high, BRAF-mutated, KRAS-wildtype), subtype 3 (n = 367; alternate pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low/negative, BRAF-wildtype, KRAS-mutated), and subtype 4 (n = 172; other marker combinations). Statistically significant heterogeneity in associations with CRC subtypes was found for age, sex, and smoking, with a higher hazard ratio (HR) observed for the subtype 2 (HR per 10 years of age = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.13-3.26; HR for female = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.60-4.39; HR per 20-pack-year of smoking = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14-1.45) than other CRC subtypes (All P for heterogeneity &lt; 0.005). A stronger association was found for adiposity measures with subtype 1 CRC in men and subtype 3 CRC in women, and for several dietary factors with subtype 1 CRC, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance at α = 0.005 level. Conclusions Risk factor profiles may differ for CRC arising from different molecular pathways.

scholarly journals A statistical method for studying correlated rare events and their risk factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1416-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Xue ◽  
Mimi Y Kim ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Mark H Kuniholm ◽  
Howard D Strickler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Rare Events ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Exact Methods

Longitudinal studies of rare events such as cervical high-grade lesions or colorectal polyps that can recur often involve correlated binary data. Risk factor for these events cannot be reliably examined using conventional statistical methods. For example, logistic regression models that incorporate generalized estimating equations often fail to converge or provide inaccurate results when analyzing data of this type. Although exact methods have been reported, they are complex and computationally difficult. The current paper proposes a mathematically straightforward and easy-to-use two-step approach involving (i) an additive model to measure associations between a rare or uncommon correlated binary event and potential risk factors and (ii) a permutation test to estimate the statistical significance of these associations. Simulation studies showed that the proposed method reliably tests and accurately estimates the associations of exposure with correlated binary rare events. This method was then applied to a longitudinal study of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and risk of cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Results showed statistically significant associations of two HLA alleles among HIV-negative but not HIV-positive women, suggesting that immune status may modify the HLA and cervical HSIL association. Overall, the proposed method avoids model nonconvergence problems and provides a computationally simple, accurate, and powerful approach for the analysis of risk factor associations with rare/uncommon correlated binary events.

Clinical Factors Contributing to Anastomotic Leak After Mid-to-High Colorectal Anastomosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110415
Author(s):  
Amandeep Ghuman ◽  
Ramarao Ganga ◽  
Natalia Parisi Severino ◽  
Dimitri Krizzuk ◽  
Qiong Zhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anastomotic Leak ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Anal Verge ◽  
Colorectal Anastomosis ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Air Leak ◽  
Colorectal Anastomoses ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background Low colorectal anastomoses carry a high anastomotic leak (AL) rate (up to 20%) and thus are commonly diverted. Much less is known about mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis, which carries a leak rate of 2-4%. The objective of this study was to determine our AL rate after mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis and associated risk factors. Methods A single center retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing left colonic resections with mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis (≥7 cm from the anal verge) from January 2008 to October 2017 was utilized. Main outcome, AL, defined as clinical suspicion supported by radiological or intraoperative findings, was calculated and risk factors assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results 977 patients were included; 487 (49.9%) were male, with a mean age of 59.8 (+/−12.1) years. Mean BMI was 27.5 (+/−5.5) kg/m2. Diverticular disease (67.5%), malignancy (17.4%), and inflammatory bowel disease (2.2%) were the main indications for resection. Mean length of stay was 6.7 (+/−4.5) days. 455 (46.8%) colonic resections were performed by laparoscopy, 283 (29.1%) by hand assisted surgery, 219 (22.5%) by laparotomy, and 16 (1.6%) by robotics. Majority of patients had complete donuts (99.6%) and a negative air leak test (97.7%). 149 patients (15.3%) underwent construction of a diverting stoma. The overall AL rate was 2.1% (n = 20). Increased BMI (>30 kg/m2), P = .02, was an independent risk factor for AL and a trend observed for positive air leak tests ( P = .05), with other factors failing to achieve statistical significance. Conclusions Patients with mid-to-high colorectal anastomosis have a 2% AL risk. Increased BMI was a risk factor for AL.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis and systematic review of risk factors for shunt dependency after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Wilson ◽  
Sam Safavi-Abbasi ◽  
Hai Sun ◽  
M. Yashar S. Kalani ◽  
Yan D. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Fisher Grade ◽  
Shunt Dependency

OBJECTIVE Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be complicated by hydrocephalus in 6.5%–67% of cases. Some patients with aSAH develop shunt dependency, which is often managed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. The objectives of this study were to review published risk factors for shunt dependency in patients with aSAH, determine the level of evidence for each factor, and calculate the magnitude of each risk factor to better guide patient management. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and MEDLINE databases for Level A and Level B articles published through December 31, 2014, that describe factors affecting shunt dependency after aSAH and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, stratifying the existing data according to level of evidence. RESULTS On the basis of the results of the meta-analysis, risk factors for shunt dependency included high Fisher grade (OR 7.74, 95% CI 4.47–13.41), acute hydrocephalus (OR 5.67, 95% CI 3.96–8.12), in-hospital complications (OR 4.91, 95% CI 2.79–8.64), presence of intraventricular blood (OR 3.93, 95% CI 2.80–5.52), high Hunt and Hess Scale score (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.51–4.21), rehemorrhage (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24–3.95), posterior circulation location of the aneurysm (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35–2.53), and age ≥ 60 years (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.50–2.19). The only risk factor included in the meta-analysis that did not reach statistical significance was female sex (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.77–1.65). CONCLUSIONS The authors identified several risk factors for shunt dependency in aSAH patients that help predict which patients are likely to require a permanent shunt. Although some of these risk factors are not independent of each other, this information assists clinicians in identifying at-risk patients and managing their treatment.

Lipoprotein (A) and Further Prothrombotic Risk Factors in Women with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage- Results of a Multicenter Case-Control Study.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2599-2599
Author(s):  
Ulrike Nowak-Gottl ◽  
Barbara Sonntag ◽  
Robert Klamroth ◽  
Achim Heinecke ◽  
Claus Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
White Women ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prothrombotic Risk Factors ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Background The present study was performed to assess the association of prothrombotic risk factors and underlying conditions, e.g. smoking and obesity, with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (uRM) in white women. Methods and Results From 1998 to 2003, 133 Caucasian women aged 18–42 years (median 28 years) suffering from uRM were consecutively enrolled. In patients and 133 age-matched healthy controls prothrombotic risk factors (factor V (FV) G1691A, factor II (FII) G20210A, MTHFR T677T, 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, lipoprotein (Lp) (a), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin (AT), antiphospholipid/anticardiolipin (APA/ACA) antibodies) as well as associated environmental conditions were investigated. 70 (52.6%) of the patients had at least one prothrombotic risk factor compared with 26 control women (19.5%; p&lt;0.0001). Body mass index (BMI; p=0.78) and smoking habits (p=0.44) did not differ significantly between the groups investigated. Upon univariate analysis the heterozygous FV mutation, Lp(a) &gt; 30 mg/dL, increased APA/ACA and BMI &gt; 25 kg/m2 in combination with a prothrombotic risk factor were found to be significantly associated with uRM. Associations of the heterozygous FII variant, MTHFR or 4G/4G PAI-1 genotypes, deficiency states of PC, PS and AT, as well as the combination of smoking with at least one prothrombotic risk factor did not reach statistical significance. In multivariate analysis, increased Lp(a) (odds ratio (OR): 4.7/95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–10.7), the FV mutation (OR:3.8/CI:1.4–10.7), and increased APA/ACA (OR: 4.5/CI: 1.1–17,7) had independent associations with uRM. Conclusion In Caucasian women uRM is associated with the presence of elevated Lp(a) or further prothrombotic risk factors.

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