Vaccination with Enterisol® Salmonella T/C reduces Salmonella enterica colonization of ileocecal lymph nodes in growing pigs

Because certain lymph nodes may be incorporated in food products, the presence of Salmonella enterica in these tissues could pose a food safety risk. We designed this two-part study to assess the prevalence of Salmonella in prescapular lymph nodes from normal slaughtered swine. Prescapular lymph nodes were collected from 300 systematically selected pigs in study 1 and, in study 2, from 75 pigs distributed among 10 herds. For study 2, pooled bacterial cultures were also completed on ileocecal lymph nodes, combining tissue from five pigs per pool (n = 60 pools). No Salmonella was detected in study 1 among prescapular lymph nodes (95% confidence interval, 0.0 to 1.16%). Salmonella was not detected in 75 prescapular lymph nodes from study 2, although Salmonella was detected in 5 of 10 herds in ileocecal lymph nodes. We conclude that prescapular lymph nodes posed a limited food safety risk in this population of pigs.

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Nature and consequences of interactions between Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin and host cells in cattle

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-019-0720-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prerna Vohra ◽

Christina Vrettou ◽

Jayne C. Hope ◽

John Hopkins ◽

Mark P. Stevens

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Host Cells ◽

Large Animal ◽

Ileal Mucosa ◽

Zoonotic Infections ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Green Fluorescent ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Dublin

AbstractSalmonella enterica is a veterinary and zoonotic pathogen of global importance. While murine and cell-based models of infection have provided considerable knowledge about the molecular basis of virulence of Salmonella, relatively little is known about salmonellosis in naturally-affected large animal hosts such as cattle, which are a reservoir of human salmonellosis. As in humans, Salmonella causes bovine disease ranging from self-limiting enteritis to systemic typhoid-like disease and exerts significant economic and welfare costs. Understanding the nature and consequences of Salmonella interactions with bovine cells will inform the design of effective vaccines and interventions to control animal and zoonotic infections. In calves challenged orally with S. Dublin expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) we observed that the bacteria were predominantly extracellular in the distal ileal mucosa and within gut-associated lymph nodes 48 h post-infection. Intracellular bacteria, identified by flow cytometry using the GFP signal, were predominantly within MHCII+ macrophage-like cells. In contrast to observations from murine models, these S. Dublin-infected cells had elevated levels of MHCII and CD40 compared to both uninfected cells from the same tissue and cells from the cognate tissue of uninfected animals. Moreover, no gross changes of the architecture of infected lymph nodes were observed as was described previously in a mouse model. In order to further investigate Salmonella-macrophage interactions, net replication of S. enterica serovars that differ in virulence in cattle was measured in bovine blood-derived macrophages by enumeration of gentamicin-protected bacteria and fluorescence dilution, but did not correlate with host-specificity.

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Global transcriptional response of porcine mesenteric lymph nodes to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Genomics ◽

10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.03.018 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 72-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yanfang Wang ◽

Long Qu ◽

Jolita J. Uthe ◽

Shawn M.D. Bearson ◽

Daniel Kuhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Transcriptional Response ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Serovar Typhimurium

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Oral Immunization with ATP-Dependent Protease-Deficient Mutants Protects Mice against Subsequent Oral Challenge with Virulent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.1.30-39.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 30-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Hidenori Matsui ◽

Masato Suzuki ◽

Yasunori Isshiki ◽

Chie Kodama ◽

Masahiro Eguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Oral Challenge ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Lon Protease ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT We evaluated the efficacy of mutants with a deletion of the stress response protease gene as candidates for live oral vaccine strains against Salmonella infection through infection studies with mice by using a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant with a disruption of the ClpXP or Lon protease. In vitro, the ClpXP protease regulates flagellum synthesis and the ClpXP-deficient mutant strain exhibits hyperflagellated bacterial cells (T. Tomoyasu et al., J. Bacteriol. 184:645-653, 2002). On the other hand, the Lon protease negatively regulates the efficacy of invading epithelial cells and the expression of invasion genes (A. Takaya et al., J. Bacteriol. 184:224-232, 2002). When 5-week-old BALB/c mice were orally administered 5 × 108 CFU of the ClpXP- or Lon-deficient strain, bacteria were detected with 103 to 104 CFU in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and cecum 1 week after inoculation and the bacteria then decreased gradually in each tissue. Significant increases of lipopolysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory IgA were detected at week 4 and maintained until at least week 12 after inoculation in serum and bile, respectively. Immunization with the ClpXP- or Lon-deficient strain protected mice against oral challenge with the serovar Typhimurium virulent strain. Both the challenged virulent and immunized avirulent salmonellae were completely cleared from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and even cecum 5 days after the challenge. These data indicate that Salmonella with a disruption of the ATP-dependent protease ClpXP or Lon can be useful in developing a live vaccine strain.

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Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serotype-Host Specificity in Calves: Avirulence of S. enterica Serotype Gallinarum Correlates with Bacterial Dissemination from Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Persistence In Vivo

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.70.12.6788-6797.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 6788-6797 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Susan M. Paulin ◽

Patricia R. Watson ◽

Annette R. Benmore ◽

Mark P. Stevens ◽

Philip W. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Host Specificity ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Oral Inoculation ◽

Pass Through

ABSTRACT Host and bacterial factors that determine whether Salmonella serotypes remain restricted to the gastrointestinal tract or penetrate beyond the mucosa and cause systemic disease remain largely undefined. Here, factors influencing Salmonella host specificity in calves were assessed by characterizing the pathogenesis of different serotypes. Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin was highly virulent intravenously, whereas S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis was moderately virulent. Both serotypes were virulent in calves infected orally. In contrast, S. enterica serotypes Gallinarum and Abortusovis were avirulent by either route. Serotypes Dublin, Gallinarum, and Abortusovis colonized the intestinal tract 24 h after oral inoculation, yet only serotype Dublin was consistently recovered from systemic tissues. Serotypes Dublin and Gallinarum invaded bovine intestines in greater numbers and induced greater enteropathogenic responses than serotypes Choleraesuis and Abortusovis. However, only serotype Dublin was able to persist within the intestinal mucosa, and use of a novel cannulation model demonstrated that serotype Dublin was able to pass through the mesenteric lymph nodes in greater numbers than serotype Gallinarum. Together, these results suggest that initial interactions with the intestinal mucosa do not correlate with host specificity, although persistence within tissues and translocation via efferent lymphatics appear to be crucial for the induction of bovine salmonellosis.

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Multiplex PCR–Based Serogrouping and Serotyping of Salmonella enterica from Tonsil and Jejunum with Jejunal Lymph Nodes of Slaughtered Swine in Metro Manila, Philippines

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-342 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 873-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KAMELA CHARMAINE S. NG ◽

WINDELL L. RIVERA

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Culture Method ◽

The Philippines ◽

Meat Inspection ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Metro Manila ◽

And Control

Food poisoning outbreaks and livestock mortalities caused by Salmonella enterica are widespread in the Philippines, with hogs being the most commonly recognized carriers of the pathogen. To prevent and control the occurrence of S. enterica infection in the country, methods were used in this study to isolate and rapidly detect, differentiate, and characterize S. enterica in tonsils and jejuna with jejunal lymph nodes of swine slaughtered in four locally registered meat establishments (LRMEs) and four meat establishments accredited by the National Meat Inspection Services in Metro Manila. A total of 480 samples were collected from 240 animals (120 pigs from each type of meat establishment). A significantly higher proportion of pigs were positive for S. enterica in LRMEs (60 of 120) compared with meat establishments accredited by the National Meat Inspection Services (38 of 120). More S. enterica–positive samples were found in tonsils compared with jejuna with jejunal lymph nodes in LRMEs, but this difference was not significant. A PCR assay targeting the invA gene had sensitivity that was statistically similar to that of the culture method, detecting 93 of 98 culture-confirmed samples. Multiplex PCR–based O-serogrouping and H/Sdf I typing revealed four S. enterica serogroups (B, C1, D, and E) and six serotypes (Agona, Choleraesuis, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden), respectively, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the PCR products. This study was the first to report detection of S. enterica serotype Agona in the country.

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Complete Genome Sequences of Four Salmonella enterica Strains (Including Those of Serotypes Montevideo, Mbandaka, and Lubbock) Isolated from Peripheral Lymph Nodes of Healthy Cattle

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01450-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marie Bugarel ◽

Peter W. Cook ◽

Henk C. den Bakker ◽

Dayna Harhay ◽

Kendra K. Nightingale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Content Type ◽

Peripheral Lymph ◽

Healthy Cattle

Salmonella enterica serotype Lubbock emerged most likely from a Salmonella enterica serotype Mbandaka ancestor that acquired by recombination the fliC operon from Salmonella enterica serotype Montevideo. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of two S. Lubbock, one S. Montevideo, and one S. Mbandaka strain isolated from bovine lymph nodes.

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Comparison data of a two-target real-time PCR assay with and without an internal control in detecting Salmonella enterica from cattle lymph nodes

Data in Brief ◽

10.1016/j.dib.2018.04.051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. 1819-1824

Author(s):

Jianfa Bai ◽

Valentina Trinetta ◽

Xiaorong Shi ◽

Lance W. Noll ◽

Gabriela Magossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Real Time ◽

Internal Control ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Comparison Data

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Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Confine Dendritic Cell-Mediated Dissemination of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Limit Systemic Disease in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00272-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 77 (8) ◽

pp. 3170-3180 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Sabrina Voedisch ◽

Christian Koenecke ◽

Sascha David ◽

Heike Herbrand ◽

Reinhold Förster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Mouse Strains ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT In humans with typhoid fever or in mouse strains susceptible to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection, bacteria gain access to extraintestinal tissues, causing severe systemic disease. Here we show that in the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), the majority of S. Typhimurium-carrying cells show dendritic-cell (DC) morphology and express the DC marker CD11c, indicating that S. Typhimurium bacteria are transported to the MLN by migratory DCs. In vivo FLT-3L-induced expansion of DCs, as well as stimulation of DC migration by Toll-like receptor agonists, results in increased numbers of S. Typhimurium bacteria reaching the MLN. Conversely, genetically impaired DC migration in chemokine receptor CCR7-deficient mice reduces the number of S. Typhimurium bacteria reaching the MLN. This indicates that transport of S. Typhimurium from the intestine into the MLN is limited by the number of migratory DCs carrying S. Typhimurium bacteria. In contrast, modulation of DC migration does not affect the number of S. Typhimurium bacteria reaching systemic tissues, indicating that DC-bound transport of S. Typhimurium does not substantially contribute to systemic S. Typhimurium infection. Surgical removal of the MLN results in increased numbers of S. Typhimurium bacteria reaching systemic sites early after infection, thereby rendering otherwise resistant mice susceptible to fatal systemic disease development. This suggests that the MLN provide a vital barrier shielding systemic compartments from DC-mediated dissemination of S. Typhimurium. Thus, confinement of S. Typhimurium in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and MLN delays massive extraintestinal dissemination and at the same time allows for the establishment of protective adaptive immune responses.

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Molecular and Phenotypic Analysis of the CS54 Island of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium: Identification of Intestinal Colonization and Persistence Determinants

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.2.629-640.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 629-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Robert A. Kingsley ◽

Andrea D. Humphries ◽

Eric H. Weening ◽

Marcel R. de Zoete ◽

Sebastian Winter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Terminal Ileum ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Insertional Inactivation

ABSTRACT The shdA gene is carried on a 25-kb genetic island at centisome 54 (CS54 island) of the Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium chromosome. In addition to shdA, the CS54 island of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strain LT2 contains four open reading frames designated ratA, ratB, sivI, and sivH. DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the CS54 island is comprised of two regions with distinct phylogenetic distribution within the genus Salmonella. Homologues of shdA and ratB were detected only in serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. I. In contrast, sequences hybridizing with ratA, sivI, and sivH were present in S. enterica subsp. II and S. bongori in addition to S. enterica subsp. I. Deletion of the ratA and sivI genes did not alter the ability of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium to colonize the organs of mice. Insertional inactivation of the sivH gene resulted in defective colonization of the Peyer's patches of the terminal ileum but normal colonization of the cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Deletion of the shdA gene resulted in decreased colonization of the cecum and Peyer's patches of the terminal ileum and colonization to a lesser degree in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen 5 days post-oral inoculation of mice. A strain containing a deletion in the ratB gene exhibited a defect for the colonization of the cecum but not of the Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. The shdA and ratB deletion strains exhibited a shedding defect in mice, whereas the sivH deletion strain was shed at numbers similar to the wild type. These data suggest that colonization of the murine cecum is required for efficient fecal shedding in mice.

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